Liger ndi imodzi mwazinyama zodabwitsa kwambiri, komanso, yopangidwa osati mwachilengedwe monga momwe anthu amathandizira. Ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zokongola komanso zokongola, monga anyamata ena onse, nyama zolusa, zofanana kwambiri ndi mikango yamphanga yomwe yatha. Nthawi yomweyo, m'maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a nyama zamphamvu komanso zazikuluzi, pali zikhalidwe zomwe zimapezeka mwa makolo awo onse - mayi-tigress ndi mkango wa abambo.
Kufotokozera kwa ma liger
Liger ndi wosakanizidwa ndi mkango wamphongo ndi nyalugwe wamkazi, wodziwika ndi anthu ochezeka komanso amtendere. Awa ndi nyama zolimba komanso zokongola za banja la mphaka, zomwe kukula kwake sikungakhale kosangalatsa.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Liger amadziwika kuti ndiwoyimira akulu kwambiri pantchito yamtunduwu. Kutalika kwa thupi mwa amuna nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 3 mpaka 3.6 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumapitilira 300 kg. Ngakhale mikango ikuluikulu ili pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zing'onozing'ono poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya ziwetozo ndipo imalemera kwambiri kuposa iyo. Akazi amtunduwu ndi ocheperako: kutalika kwa thupi lawo nthawi zambiri sikupitilira mita zitatu, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi 320 kg.
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti abodza amakula kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu wawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu akambuku akutchire ndi mikango, majini a atate amapatsa ana kuthekera kokula ndikulemera, ndipo majini amayi amadziwitsa nthawi yomwe kukula kuyenera kutha. Koma m'matumba, mphamvu zoletsa ma chromosomes amayi ndiyotsika, ndichifukwa chake kukula kwa wosakanizidwa kulibe malire.
M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti ma liger amapitilizabe kukula m'miyoyo yawo yonse, koma pakadali pano amadziwika kuti amphakawa amakula mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha.
Kunja, ma liger amawoneka ofanana ndi nyama zowononga zakale: mikango yamphanga ndipo, mwa zina, mikango yaku America. Ali ndi thupi lokulirapo komanso lolimba, lomwe limakhala lolumikizana pang'ono pang'ono kuposa la mkango, ndipo mchira wawo umawoneka ngati kambuku kuposa wamkango.
Mane mwa amuna amtunduwu samapezeka kawirikawiri, pafupifupi 50% ya kubadwa kwa nyama ngati izi, ndiye kuti amafupikitsidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi yolimba komanso yolimba. Ponena za kachulukidwe, mane wa liger amakhala wokulirapo kuwirikiza kawiri ngati wamkango, pomwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wokulirapo komanso wolimba pamlingo wa masaya ndi khosi la nyama, pomwe mutu wake umakhala wopanda tsitsi lokwanira.
Mutu wa amphakawa ndi akulu, mawonekedwe a mphuno ndi chigaza akukumbutsa za mkango. Makutuwo ndi apakatikati, ozungulira, okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi kwambiri komanso losalala. Maso ake ndi opendekeka pang'ono, owoneka ngati amondi, okhala ndi golide kapena chimbalangondo. Zikopa zakuthwa zakuda zimapatsa woweruzayo mawonekedwe omvera mwachidwi, komabe mwamtendere komanso mwaulemu.
Tsitsi pathupi, kumutu, miyendo ndi mchira silitali, lolimba komanso lakuda; amuna amatha kukhala ngati mawonekedwe a kolala pakhosi ndi nape.
Mtundu wa malayawo ndi wagolide, mchenga kapena wachikasu-bulauni, ndizotheka kuwalitsa maziko ake kukhala oyera m'malo ena amthupi. Pamtengopo pamakhala mikwingwirima yosadziwika bwino ndipo, nthawi zambiri, ndi rosettes, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri mu liger kuposa achikulire. Mwambiri, mthunzi wa chovalacho, komanso kukhathamiritsa ndi mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima ndi ma roseti, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi subspecies omwe makolo a liger wina amakhala ake, komanso momwe majini omwe amachititsa utoto wa tsitsi la nyamawo amagawidwira.
Kuphatikiza pa abodza abwinobwino, obiriwira agolide, palinso anthu opepuka - zonona kapena pafupifupi zoyera, okhala ndi maso agolide kapena abuluu. Amabadwa kwa amayi a ma tigress oyera ndi mikango yotchedwa mikango yoyera, yomwe, makamaka, yachikasu yopepuka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Liger amafanana ndi amayi ake-tigress ndi abambo ake-mkango. Ngati akambuku amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha ndipo samakonda kulankhulana ngakhale ndi abale awo, ndiye kuti akambuku ndi nyama zokonda kucheza, zomwe zimakondweretsedwa ndi umunthu wawo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ngati mikango yamakhalidwe. Kuchokera ku akambuku, adalandira kutha kusambira bwino ndikudzipereka mofunitsitsa m'madziwe kapena dziwe lomwe adapangira iwo.
Ngakhale kuti liger ndi mtundu womwe umangopezeka mu ukapolo chifukwa chake kuyambira pomwe adabadwa umalumikizana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amawadyetsa, kuwalera ndi kuwaphunzitsa, si nyama yoweta.
Liger ndiwopambana pakuphunzira ma circus ndipo amatha kuwonetsedwa m'makanema ndi zisudzo zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi yomweyo, monga makolo awo, amapitilizabe kukhala olusa ndi zizolowezi zawo komanso zikhalidwe zawo.
Zowona, chifukwa chakuti ma liger amalandira chakudya kuchokera kwa oteteza ku zoo kapena circus, sadziwa kusaka paokha.
Mwachidziwikire, ngati nyama yotereyi pazifukwa zina ingapezeke m'malo okhalamo a makolo ake, imatha kuwonongedwa, popeza, ngakhale ili yayikulu kwambiri komanso yamphamvu yakuthupi, nyambayo sangakhale ndi mphamvu yopeza chakudya chake.
Zosangalatsa! Zambiri zolembedwa mwalamulo zokhudza ma liger zidayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19, ndipo dzina lenileni la wosakanizidwa - "liger", lidapangidwa m'ma 1830. Wasayansi woyamba yemwe anachita chidwi ndi mestizo ya mkango ndi tigress ndikusiya zithunzi zawo anali wazachilengedwe waku France Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, yemwe mu 1798 adapanga zojambula zanyama izi, zomwe adaziwona, mu imodzi mwama albamu ake.
Ndi ma liger angati omwe amakhala
Nthawi yamoyo ya Liger imadalira momwe amasungira komanso kudyetsa. Amakhulupirira kuti ma liger sangathe kudzitama ndi thanzi labwino: ali ndi vuto la khansa, komanso matenda amitsempha ndi nyamakazi, chifukwa chake ambiri a iwo samakhala motalika. Komabe, milandu yambiri yazindikirika pomwe omwe amangogona mwachisangalalo adapulumuka mpaka zaka 21 ngakhale 24.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Akazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi msinkhu wawo wocheperako komanso kulemera kwawo, komanso, ali ndi matupi okongoletsa kuposa amuna ndipo palibe ngakhale lingaliro la kupezeka kwa mane.
Kodi maluwawo ndi ndani?
Maluwa ndi mestizo wa ligress ndi mkango. Kunja, amaoneka ngati mikango kuposa amayi awo. Mpaka pano, ndimakoti ochepa okha omwe amadziwika pomwe mitsempha imabweretsa ana kuchokera ku mikango, kuphatikiza apo, chosangalatsa ndichakuti, maluwa ambiri obadwira adakhala akazi.
Ofufuza ambiri ali ndi malingaliro olakwika pazoyesera za kubzala ma liger, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti nawonso ali ndi thanzi lofooka kuposa ma liger motero palibe chifukwa chopeza mitundu ya ziweto, mwa lingaliro lawo, yopanda tanthauzo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Liger amakhala okha mu ukapolo. Amabadwira kumalo osungira nyama, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala moyo wawo wonse m'khola kapena modyera ziweto, ngakhale zina zimathera m'misikisi, komwe zimaphunzitsidwa zanzeru ndi kuwonetsa anthu nthawi yamasewera.
Ku Russia, ma liger amasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama a Lipetsk ndi Novosibirsk, komanso m'malo osungira nyama omwe ali ku Sochi komanso pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wa Vladivostok-Nakhodka.
Wa liger wamkulu kwambiri, wopanda kunenepa kwambiri, wamwamuna Hercules, amakhala ku Miami paki yachisangalalo "Jungle Island". Nyama iyi, yolemekezeka kuphatikizidwa mu Guinness Book of Records mu 2006 ngati amphaka akulu kwambiri, imasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino ndipo ili ndi mwayi wonse wokhala chiwindi chotalika chamtunduwu.
Zakudya zamagulu
Liger ndi nyama zolusa ndipo amakonda nyama yatsopano kuposa zakudya zina zonse. Mwachitsanzo, wamkulu kwambiri mwa mitundu iyi, liger Hercules, amadya nyama 9 kg patsiku. Kwenikweni, chakudya chake chimakhala ndi ng'ombe, nyama ya akavalo kapena nkhuku. Kawirikawiri, amatha kudya makilogalamu 45 a nyama patsiku ndipo ndi zakudya zoterezi zikanakhala zolemera makilogalamu 700, koma nthawi yomweyo anali wonenepa kwambiri ndipo sakanatha kuyenda bwinobwino.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama, ma liger amadya nsomba, komanso masamba ena ndi mavitamini ndi michere yothandizira kuti adyetse, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikukula bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ana amtunduwu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ngakhale mwayi womwewo woti abodza adzawonekera posunga mkango ndi tigress mu khola lomwelo ndi 1-2%, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa cholankhulira zakuchepa kwakubala ana za iwo. Komanso, amuna a liger ndi osabala, ndipo akazi, ngakhale amatha kupereka ana kuchokera ku mikango yamphongo kapena, nthawi zambiri, akambuku, monga lamulo, pamapeto pake samakhala amayi abwino kwambiri.
Mayi woyamba kulira, wobadwira ku Novosibirsk Zoo mu 2012, chifukwa amayi ake analibe mkaka, adadyetsedwa ndi mphaka wamba. Ndipo ana a ligress Marusya ochokera ku Sochi mini-zoo, omwe adabadwa mchaka cha 2014, adadyetsedwa ndi galu woweta.
Ma Tiliger - ana a ligress ndi kambuku, nawonso adabadwira ku ukapolo. Komanso, kuchokera ku akambuku, ma ligress amatha kubweretsa ana ochulukirapo, kuweruza kuti m'matumba oyamba odziwika anali ma tiligiti asanu, pomwe mikango, monga lamulo, ana opitilira atatu sanabadwe kwa akazi amtunduwu.
Zosangalatsa! Ma Tileger, monga ma liger, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso kulemera kochititsa chidwi. Pakadali pano pali milandu iwiri yodziwika ya kubadwa kwa anawo ndipo nthawi zonse anabadwira ku Great Winnwood Exotic Animal Park, yomwe ili ku Oklahoma. Abambo a zinyalala zoyambirira za tili ndi kambuku woyera wa Bengal wotchedwa Kahun, ndipo wachiwiri anali nyalugwe wa Amur Noy.
Adani achilengedwe
Liger, komanso ma liger ndi ma tilig, omwe amakhala okha ku ukapolo, sanakhalepo ndi adani achilengedwe.
Ngati tingaganize kuti amphakawa atha kukhala kuthengo, m'malo okhala mikango ndi akambuku, ndiye kuti adzakhala ndi adani achilengedwe ofanana ndi omwe amayimira mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya anyaniwa.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Africa, ng'ona zimaopseza akambuku, ndipo akambuku akulu, amawona afisi ndi agalu afisi kwa ana, okalamba komanso ofooka.
Ku Asia, kumene akambuku amapezeka, akambuku, mimbulu yofiira, afisi amizeremizere, mimbulu, mimbulu, zimbalangondo, mimbulu ndi ng'ona zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa makanda kapena kwa akalulu okalamba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kunena zowona, liger sangatchulidwe ngati mtundu wina wa nyama, popeza hybridi zotere sizoyenera kuberekana pakati pawo. Pachifukwa ichi amphakawa sanapatsidwe mwayi wosamalira, ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo kuli kocheperako.
Pakadali pano, ma liger padziko lonse lapansi ndiopitilira 20 anthu.
Liger, chifukwa chodutsa mwangozi mkango wamphongo ndi nyalugwe wamkazi, amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu kwambiri mwa akaziwa. Kukula kwa nyamazi, zitaimirira pamapazi awo akumbuyo, kumatha kufika mamita anayi, ndipo kulemera kwake kumapitilira 300 kg. Kukula kwake, kucheza kwawo, luso labwino lophunzirira komanso mawonekedwe omwe amapangitsa ma liger kuwoneka ngati mikango yamphanga yatha mu Pleistocene zimawapangitsa kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri monga okhala kumalo osungira nyama kapena nyama zamaseĊµera. Koma mabungwe ambiri oteteza zinyama omwe amateteza kuyeretsa kwa mitundu ya nyama amatsutsana mwamphamvu kuti anthu azipeza ana kwa mkango ndi tigress kuti apange phindu, chifukwa, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, akambwe amakhala opweteka m'malo ndipo samakhala motalika. Komabe, nthawi yomwe amphakawa akhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 20 kapena kupitilira apo amatsutsa izi. Ndipo simungatchule ma liger kukhala owawa. Zowonadi, ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi kudyetsa, nyamazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino komanso zochita, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti, mwina, atha kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira, mwina atalikirapo kuposa kambuku wamba kapena mkango wokhala m'malo omwewo.
