Artiodactyl banja pachikhalidwe, magawo ang'onoang'ono atatu agawika: osakhala zoweta, ngamila ndi zoweta.
Zachikhalidwe Ma artiodactyl osayatsa ali ndi mabanja atatu omwe alipo: Suidae (nkhumba), Tayassuidae (ophika buledi) ndi mvuu (mvuu). M'magulu amisonkho amakono ambiri, mvuu zimayikidwa m'malo awoawo, Cetancodonta. Gulu lokhalo lomwe lilipo ngamila ndi banja la Camelidae (ngamila, ma llamas, ndi ngamila zamtchire).
Zowonongeka zazing'ono zimayimilidwa ndi mabanja monga: Giraffidae (girafi ndi okapis), Cervidae (nswala), Tragulidae (nswala zazing'ono ndi mbalame), Antilocapridae (pronghorns) ndi Bovidae (antelopes, ng'ombe, nkhosa, mbuzi).
Magulu ang'onoang'ono amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Nkhumba (nkhumba ndi ophika buledi) zasunga zala zinayi zakukula mofanana, zimakhala ndi ma molars osavuta, miyendo yayifupi, komanso mayini okulitsa. Ngamila ndi zowotchera zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, zimangoyenda ndi zala ziwiri zapakati (ngakhale ziwiri zakunja zimasungidwa ngati zala zazigwiritsidwe ntchito), ndipo zili ndi masaya ndi mano ovuta bwino opera maudzu olimba.
Khalidwe
Kodi artiodactyls ndi ndani ndipo chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa amenewo? Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitundu kuchokera ku banja la artiodactyl ndi nyama zofananira?
Artiodactyl (artiodactyls, artiodactyls, cetopods (lat.Cetartiodactyla)) - dzina la nyama yosalala, yayikulu, yachilengedwe yapadziko lapansi ya Artiodactyla, yomwe ili ndi astragalus yokhala ndi ma pulleys awiri (fupa mumfundo ya akakolo) yokhala ndi zala zingapo zogwira ntchito (2 kapena 4). Mbali yayikulu ya nthambiyo imayenda pakati pa zala ziwiri zapakati. Artiodactyls ali ndi mitundu yoposa 220 ndipo ndizinyama zochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya, pachuma komanso pachikhalidwe. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoweta ngati chakudya, popanga mkaka, ubweya, feteleza, mankhwala komanso ngati ziweto. Zamoyo zamtchire, monga mphalapala ndi nswala, sizimapereka chakudya chochuluka momwe zimakhutitsira chisangalalo cha masewera, ndizodabwitsa mwachilengedwe. Ma artiodactyl amtchire amatenga nawo gawo pazakudya zapadziko lapansi.
Maubwenzi olumikizana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso timatumba tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi zipinda zingapo zam'mimba amalola ma artiodactyl ambiri kudyetsa zokhazokha pazakudya zamasamba, kugaya zinthu (monga mapadi) zomwe sizingakhale ndi thanzi labwino. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapatsa mapuloteni ma artiodactyls, ma microbes amalandila malo okhala ndi kudya mosalekeza kwa zinthu zazomera, zomwe zimagwira nawo ntchito.
Addax
Chovalacho ndi chowala kuyambira yoyera mpaka kufiira kofiirira, chowala nthawi yotentha komanso mdima m'nyengo yozizira. Chotupa, thupi lotsika, miyendo ndi milomo ndi zoyera.
Sable antelope
Mitundu ya banjali ili ndi thupi ndi manezi ofanana ndi kavalo ndipo amatchedwa antineope. Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka chimodzimodzi ndipo ali ndi nyanga.
Galu wamphongo
Thupi lakumtunda ndi lotuwa mpaka bulauni. Miyendo ndi yakuda. Mimbayo ndi yoyera. Mane wowongoka wokhala ndi nsonga zakuda pakhosi ndi kufota, ndi "ndevu" zowala pakhosi.
Nkhosa yamphongo
Nkhosa yamphongo yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yayikulu, yayikulu, itazunguliridwa m'mbali mwakumaso, yamatayala, ikakula bwino, ndikupanga nyanga zonse zadongosolo.
Nkhosa yamphiri
Mtunduwo umakhala wachikaso choyera mpaka chakuda chakuda, nthawi zina malayawo amakhala oyera (makamaka okalamba). Pansi pake pamayera komanso pamasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere wakuda m'mbali.
Njati
Tsitsi lakuda lakuda mpaka 50 cm m'litali, lalitali komanso lopindika pamapewa, miyendo yakutsogolo, khosi ndi mapewa. Amphongo ndi ofiira ofiira ofiira.
mvuu
Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira-imvi-bulauni, pinki pansipa. Pamphuno pali mabala a pinki, makamaka mozungulira maso, makutu ndi masaya. Khungu ndi lopanda ubweya, lothimbitsidwa ndimatope am'mimba.
Mvuu ya Pygmy
Kosalala, kopanda ubweya, bulauni yakuda mpaka khungu lofiirira ndi masaya apinki. Kutsekemera kwa ntchofu kumapangitsa chikopa kukhala chonyowa komanso chowala.
Bongo
Mtundu waubweya wonyezimira wofiyira kwambiri wa mabokosi ofiira, wakuda kwambiri mwa amuna achikulire, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera 10-15 mthupi.
Indian njati
Njati izi ndi zotuwa imvi mpaka mtundu wakuda, zazikulu komanso zooneka ngati mbiya, ndi miyendo yochepa. Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi.
Njati ya Africa
Mitunduyi imakhala yofiirira kapena yakuda (mu savannah) mpaka kufiyira kowoneka bwino (njati zamtchire). Thupi ndi lolemera, lokhala ndi miyendo yolimba, mutu waukulu ndi khosi lalifupi.
Mbawala Grant
Amawonetsa chidwi chazakugonana: kutalika kwa nyanga zamphongo kwa amuna kuyambira 50 mpaka 80 cm, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe, wokongola kwambiri.
Goral Amur
Ndi nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo, yomwe imagawidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kuphatikiza kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Russia Far East ndi Peninsula yaku Korea.
Gerenuk
Ali ndi khosi lalitali ndi miyendo, mphuno yosongoka, yosinthidwa kuti adye masamba ang'onoang'ono pazitsamba zaminga ndi mitengo, yayitali kwambiri kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi antelopes ena.
Jeyran
Thupi lofiirira lowala limadetsa kumimba, miyendo ndi yoyera. Mchirawo ndi wakuda, wowoneka moyandikana ndi matako oyera, umakwera ndikulumpha.
Zojambulajambula zina
Dikdick wofiira
Tsitsi la thupi kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni mpaka bulauni-bulauni. Mutu ndi miyendo ndi zofiirira wachikasu. Pansi pake, kuphatikizapo zamkati mwa miyendo ndi chibwano, ndizoyera.
Dzeren Mongolian
Ubweya wofiirira wonyezimira umasanduka pinki nthawi yotentha, imakhala yayitali (mpaka 5 cm) ndipo imasuluka nthawi yozizira. Chosanjikiza chakumtunda chimayamba pang'onopang'ono mpaka pansi.
Ngamila ya Bactrian (bactrian)
Zovala zazitali zazitali zimakhala zamtundu wa bulauni wakuda mpaka mchenga beige. Pakhosi pali mane, ndevu pakhosi. Shaggy yozizira ubweya umatulutsa masika.
Girafi
Banjali lidagawika mitundu iwiri: Giraffe wokhala ku savanna (Giraffa camelopardalis) ndi okapi wokhala nkhalango (Okapia johnstoni).
Njati
Ubweyawo ndi wandiweyani komanso wakuda bulauni kapena golide wagolide. Khosi ndi lalifupi komanso lakuda ndi tsitsi lalitali, lokhala ndi chovala chamapewa.
Roe
Tsitsi lakuda pathupi, loyera pamimba, lilibe zipsera. Miyendo ndi mutu zimakhala zachikasu, ndipo patsogolo kuli mdima.
Mbuzi ya Alpine
Kutalika kwa malaya kumatengera nyengo, yayifupi komanso yosakhwima mchilimwe, yothira tsitsi lalitali m'nyengo yozizira. M'chilimwe, malaya amtundu wachikasu, miyendo ndi yakuda.
Nguluwe
Chovala chofiiracho ndi chowinduka komanso chowoneka bwino, chikutuwa ndi msinkhu. Mphuno, masaya ndi mmero zimawoneka zotuwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Kumbuyo kumakhala kozungulira, miyendo ndi yayitali, makamaka kuma subspecies akumpoto.
Musk agwape
Mitunduyi imakhala yofiirira kwambiri mpaka yakuda, yakuda kwambiri. Mutu ndi wopepuka.
Elk
Zotupitsa m'miyendo yakumbuyo zimatulutsa michere, zotsekemera muubwana wawo. Kutentha kwamadzimadzi kumakhala kaye pakati pa nthawi yomwe nyanga zimakhetsedwa ndikuyamba kukula kwa magulu awiri atsopano.
Doe
Mtundu wa malayawo ndiosiyanasiyana; ma subspecies amadziwika nawo. Ubweyawo ndi wowoneka wonyezimira, wofiirira kapena mabokosi pakhosi.
Milu (nswala ya David)
M'chilimwe, milo imakhala yofiirira mpaka bulauni. Ali ndi chodabwitsa - pathupi pali chovala chachitetezo chazitali, sichimatuluka.
Mphalapala
Ubweya wa magawo awiriwo umakhala ndi zotchinjiriza zaubweya wowongoka, wamachubu komanso chovala chamkati. Miyendo ndi yakuda, monganso mzera womwe ukuyenda pamunsi pamunsi.
Mbawala zimawonedwa
Mtundu wa malayawo ndi wotuwa, mabokosi, maolivi ofiira. Chibwano, pamimba ndi pakhosi ndi zoyera. Mawanga oyera mbali zakumtunda amakonzedwa m'mizere 7 kapena 8.
Okapi
Ubweya wa velvety ndi wofiirira wamtundu wofiirira kapena wofiirira wonyezimira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi mbidzi yamiyendo yopingasa pamapazi apamwamba.
Ngamila imodzi yosungunuka (dromedar)
Tsitsi losalala la beige kapena bulauni wonyezimira mwa nyama zakutchire, pansi pake mopepuka. Ali m'ndende, ngamila zimakhala zofiirira kapena zoyera.
Puku
Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi, ndipo amuna okhwima amakhala ndi khosi lolimba, lolimba. Chovala chovalacho ndi chofiirira golide komanso chamkati chamkati.
Chamois
Chovala chachifupi, chofewa chachikasu kapena chofiirira chofiirira chilimwe chimasandulika chokoleti nthawi yachisanu.
Saiga
Ubweyawo umakhala ndi chovala chaubweya chamkati ndi ubweya wolimba, womwe umateteza ku nyengo. Ubweya wachilimwe nawonso umapezeka kawirikawiri. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweyawo ndiwotalika kawiri komanso 70% wonenepa.
Himalayan phula
Chovala chachisanu chimakhala chofiira kapena chofiirira chakuda ndipo chili ndi chovala chakuda chakuda. Amuna amakula mwamtali, womata m'khosi ndi m'mapewa, womwe umatsikira kumiyendo yakutsogolo.
Yak
Chovala chofiirira chakuda chakuda ndichakuda komanso chobowoleza, chokhala ndi yak yakunyumba mosiyanasiyana. Ma yak yakutchire "agolide" ndi osowa kwambiri.
Kufalitsa
M'mayiko onse, kupatula ku Antarctica, banja la artiodactyl lazika mizu. Wotulutsidwa ndi anthu, wowetedwa komanso kutulutsidwa kuthengo ku Australia ndi New Zealand. Kwa mitunduyi, zilumba zam'nyanja sizachilengedwe, koma ngakhale pazilumba zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zili m'nyanja, oimira mitunduyi apulumuka. Ma Artiodactyls amakhala m'malo ambiri okhala tundra tchire mpaka nkhalango yamvula, kuphatikiza zipululu, zigwa ndi nsonga zamapiri.
Nyama zimakhala m'magulu, ngakhale ngati maguluwo ali ochepa kapena awiri okha. Komabe, jenda nthawi zambiri imatsimikizira kapangidwe kake. Amuna akulu amakhala mosiyana ndi akazi ndi nyama zazing'ono.
