Mzaka zaposachedwa ferret wakhala chiweto wamba. Intaneti ili ndi makanema oseketsa, maudindo akuluakulu omwe amasewera ndimasewera oseketsa, okhwima, otsekemera, otsekemera kwambiri, koma okongola kwambiri. Nyama zamtchire, zili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi omwe amakhala ndi anthu, koma kuthekera ndi kusunthika kwa ma ferrets okhala m'malo achilengedwe sikusowa kwenikweni.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ferret
Ferret ndi nyama yodyera yochokera kubanja la weasel. Achibale ake apafupi ndi ermine, mink ndi weasel, kunja kwake ndi ofanana kwambiri. Munthu wakhala akuweta nyama zolimba mtima izi kwanthawi yayitali. Kwa zaka zopitilira zana, ma ferrets amakhala bwino m'malo okhala anthu, ndikukhala ziweto zotchuka kwa ambiri.
Kuti titsimikizire izi, titha kupereka chitsanzo cha chithunzi chotchuka cha Leonardo da Vinci, chomwe chimatchedwa "The Lady with the Ermine", makamaka, chikuwonetsa ferret ya albino m'manja mwa mkazi. Feret iyi idapangidwa kale, zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo kumwera kwa Europe, amatchedwa furo. Poyamba, ziweto zotere zimasungidwa ngati amphaka, ndipo amasaka akalulu nawo.
Kanema: Ferret
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma ferrets, omwe amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mzake mikhalidwe yawo, momwe tidzayesetse kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane. Pali mitundu 4 ya nyamazi. Atatu mwa iwo (steppe, phazi lakuda ndi wakuda) amakhala kuthengo, ndipo m'modzi (ferret) amakhala woweta kwathunthu.
Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe apadera amitundu iliyonse:
- Mpweya wakuda (American) ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi steppe, kulemera kwake kumangopitilira kilogalamu imodzi. Mtundu wonse wa ubweya wake ndi bulauni wonyezimira ndi chikaso, ndipo kumbuyo, nsonga ya mchira ndi zikhasu ndi zakuda kwambiri, utoto umafika pafupifupi wakuda. Makutu ndi akulu komanso ozungulira, ndipo miyendo ndi yamphamvu komanso yoluka;
- The steppe ferret (yoyera) imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa mafuko anzawo. Amuna amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, akazi amakhala ocheperako kawiri. Thupi la steppe ferret limafika kutalika kwa theka la mita, nthawi zina pang'ono. Chovala chake ndi chachitali, koma sichimasiyana mosakanikirana, chifukwa chake malaya owoneka bwino komanso ofunda amawonekera. Chovala chaubweya wa nyamayo ndi chowala, mitundu yokha ndi nsonga ya mchira ndi yomwe imatha kukhala yakuda;
- Ferret (wakuda) mu misa ndi kukula kwake kuli kwinakwake pakati pa mitundu iwiri yoyambirira. Kulemera kwake kumafika 1.5 kg. Nthawi zambiri chilombochi chimakhala ndi bulauni yakuda, ngakhale kulinso mitundu yofiira komanso yoyera kwathunthu (albino);
- Ferret ndi mitundu yokongoletsa yopangidwa ndi anthu. Kukula kwake, ferret iyi ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi yoyera, ndipo utoto waubweya umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ubweyawo ndiwosangalatsa, wofewa komanso wonenepa.
Ndi zinthu zonse zakunja izi, ma ferrets amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana omwe amadziwika ndi ochititsa chidwi komanso oganiza bwino a banja la mustelidae.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal ferret
Kutaya mikhalidwe yonse yomwe mtundu uliwonse wa ferret uli nayo, titha kunena kuti awa ndi nyama zolusa zapakatikati. Thupi lawo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma mustelid, ndi oblong, otalikirapo, amasinthasintha komanso amakhala achisomo. Ziwalo, m'malo mwake, poyerekeza ndi thupi lalitali, zimawoneka zazifupi komanso zopindika, koma ndizolimba komanso zolimba, zokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa zomwe zimathandiza kukwera mtengo uliwonse ndikupanga njira zabwino kwambiri zapansi panthaka.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyama umatha kukhala woyera kapena wakuda kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri pamatupi amawu owala pang'ono, kumbuyo kwakumaso, makoko, ndi kunsonga kwa mchira kumaonekera. Pamphuno pali china chake ngati chobisa chakuda, monga Zorro, chomwe chimakongoletsa kwambiri ferret. Zinyama za albino zokha ndizomwe zilibe maski. Ubweya wa nyama ndiwosangalatsa kukhudza, kufota, pafupi ndi tsinde la tsitsi kumakhala kopepuka, ndipo kumapeto kwake kamvekedwe kake kamasinthidwa ndi mthunzi wakuda. M'dzinja, molt ikafika kumapeto, ubweya wa ferrets umakhala wonyezimira, wowala bwino komanso wowala bwino padzuwa.
Amuna amitundu yonse ya ferret ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Koma kukula kumatengera mtundu wa nyama, ngakhale kutalika kwa ma ferrets kumafikira theka la mita mwa amuna. Khosi la ferrets ndilolitali, mphuno ndiyosangalatsa pang'ono, imakongoletsedwa osati ndi chigoba chokha, koma ndi makutu ozunguliridwa ndi maso ang'onoang'ono owala.
Mchira wokongola, wautali, wonyezimira ndichikhalidwe cha ma ferrets onse. Pafupi pake pali tiziwalo ta fetid, tomwe timasunga chinsinsi chonunkhira polimbana ndi omwe safuna.
Kodi ferret amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Ferret wamtchire
Ferrets ndi malo okhalitsa:
- Eurasia;
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa.
Ma Ferrets amapezeka m'malo osiyana, osiyana:
- Mapazi;
- Zipululu;
- Nkhalango zakutchire;
- Mitsinje;
- Pafupi ndi matupi amadzi;
- Mapiri;
- Midzi ya anthu.
Malo osiyanasiyana otumizirako ana ferrets zimatengera mtundu wawo. The steppe (yoyera) ferret imakonda malo otseguka, ndikukonda madera otsetsereka komanso achipululu omwe ali ku China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, ndi Russia. Fungo lakuda (nkhalango) limakonda nkhalango, limakhazikika pafupi ndi zigwa ndi matupi amadzi.
Nthawi zina amakhala moyandikana ndi munthu, akusamukira kumidzi komwe kumakhala anthu. Samadzilowetsa m'nkhalango, koma amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete, komwe kulibe kukula kothina. Amakhala ku Europe komanso ku Africa. Fretret (American) ferret imagwiritsa ntchito mapiri ndi nkhalango ku North America ngati malo okhazikika. Ikhozanso kupezeka m'malo amapiri, pomwe imakwera mpaka kutalika kwa ma mita masauzande angapo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma ferrets mdziko lathu: steppe (yoyera) ndi nkhalango (yakuda). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyama zimakhala moyo wokhazikika, posafuna kusiya madera omwe amawakonda. Ma Ferrets amakonda kukhazikika m'makanda osiyidwa a mbira ndi nkhandwe, samakumba nyumba zawo pafupipafupi. Kunyumba kwawo sikungokhala malo obisalamo mobisa chabe, komanso chodyera msipu, mtengo wobola wovunda. Izi zimangodalira komwe nyama idakhazikika.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ferret sikukhala kuthengo, chifukwa mitundu yomwe idabadwirayi ilibe nzeru zakusaka komanso kuthekera kwake, mawonekedwe a nyamayo amakhala odekha komanso achikondi, chifukwa chake sichingakhale m'chilengedwe.
Kodi ferret imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Animal ferret
Monga momwe zimakhalira nyama yolusa, mndandanda wa ferret umakhala ndi mbale zanyama. Ferret imadya mitundu yonse ya mbewa, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zokwawa, mbalame. Kusaka abuluzi komanso njoka zapoizoni si vuto lalikulu kwa nyama. Ponena za mbalame, ferret amakonda kudya akulu ndi anapiye awo, imakonda mazira a mbalame, chifukwa chake sidzaphonya mwayi wowononga chisa ndi chakudya.
Yaikulu-kakulidwe nyama bwinobwino kuukira hares, akalulu, muskrats. Ferret ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yosinthika, imatha kuthamangitsa nyama yake, koma nthawi zambiri nyama zimawonera nkhomaliro pamanda a wovulalayo. M'chaka, ferrets nthawi zambiri imakwera m'mapanga a kalulu, kusaka ana opanda chitetezo.
M'nthawi yovuta, yanjala, nyama sizinyansitsa zovunda, zimadya zinyalala za chakudya, komanso zimaba pakhola la nkhuku ndi kalulu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ma ferrets m'nyengo yozizira amapangira makeke okhala ndi chakudya kuti akhale ndi china chodzidyetsera panthawi yovuta.
Kusaka nyama kumayambira madzulo, koma njala si azakhali, chifukwa chake, munthawi yowala, nthawi zina mumayenera kuchoka pogona kuti mukapeze chakudya.
Magawo am'mimba a ferret sanasinthidwe konse kukhala chakudya chomera, cecum sichikhala m'zinyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulusi wazomera zizigaya. Ma Ferrets amapeza michere yonse yomwe amafunikira kuchokera m'mimba mwa nyama zawo zazing'ono.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Ferret yoyera
Ma Ferrets ndi okangalika, okangalika komanso okonda kudziwa mwachilengedwe. Onse kuthengo komanso kunyumba, amakonda kusaka ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zawo madzulo. Ferrets ndi achule abwino kwambiri komanso osambira bwino. Akadzuka, mphamvu zawo zimakhala zikugwedezeka, kuwalepheretsa kukhala pamalo amodzi.
Zadziwika kuti pakati pa ma ferrets apakhomo, akazi amakhala othamanga komanso anzeru kwambiri, ndipo amuna amakhala odekha, koma amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi eni ake. Masewera oseketsa a ma ferrets omwe amakhala mnyumba amasangalatsa komanso kuputa. Khalidwe la ziweto zonsezi ndilabwino komanso nthawi yomweyo limakhala tambala. Amatha kukwiyitsa kwamuyaya ziweto zina (agalu, amphaka) ndi nkhanza zawo ndi masewera.
Nyamazo zakhala ndi zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi zomwe eni ake amazindikira:
- Mchira ukugwedeza ndi chizindikiro cha chisangalalo ndi chikhutiro;
- Mchirawo unafalikira ngati burashi ndipo phokoso lake limamveka ndi phokoso loti nyama yakwiya ndipo imatha kuluma;
- Kufuula mokweza kumasonyeza mantha;
- Ponyambita nkhope ndi manja a mwininyumbayo, ferret imawonetsa chikondi chake chachikulu kwa iye;
- Nthawi yamasewera akunja, mutha kumva phokoso laphokoso, ndipo izi zikuwonetsa kuti ferret ndiyosangalala;
- Ferret ikasangalala kwambiri, imatha kuchita mayendedwe ngati kuvina polumpha mmwamba ndi pansi ndikuphimba kumbuyo kwake.
M'makhalidwe achilengedwe, zachilengedwe, ma ferrets, zachidziwikire, samakhala momasuka monga kunyumba. Amakonda kukhala kwamuyaya m'dera lomwelo. Ma burrows omwe amakumbidwa ndi zikwangwani zawo kapena nyama zopanda kanthu amangokhala ndi udzu ndi masamba. Nthawi zina (m'nyengo yozizira) amathanso kukhala m'khola la anthu, senniki, zipinda zapansi.
M'midzi yakumidzi, ma ferrets amadziwika kuti ndi achifwamba enieni, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amaba nkhuku ndi akalulu kuchokera kufamu. Izi zimachitika nthawi ya njala, yankhanza, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina sizikhala choncho. Nyama zoseketsa izi zimakhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wosakhazikika.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ferret yaying'ono
Ma Ferrets amakhala okhwima pafupi ndi chaka chimodzi. Nyengo yokwanira mu nyama izi ndiyotalika, imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mu steppe zolusa, akuyamba mu March, ndi nyama za m'nkhalango, nthawi yotentha. Palibe masewera apadera okwatirana pakati pa ferrets, simudzawonanso chibwenzi cha dona. M'malo mwake, mukakwatirana pamakhala china chake ngati kulimbana ndi chiwonetsero chachiwawa. Bwanamkubwa mwamwano agwira mkwatibwi pamutu pake, ndipo amayesetsa kuti amasuke ndikupumira. Chifukwa chake, chachikazi nthawi zina chimathothoka tsitsi.
Pambuyo pa umuna, wamwamuna amasiya mayi wamtsogolo kwamuyaya, osatengapo gawo pamoyo wa ana ake. Mimba ya mkazi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 1.5. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pali ana ambiri mwa ana - nthawi zina mpaka makumi awiri. Amabadwa akhungu komanso opanda thandizo, olemera pafupifupi magalamu 10 okha. Amayi amawatenga ndi mkaka mpaka miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ngakhale atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi amayamba kuzolowera nyama. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe ma ferrets ang'onoang'ono amayamba kuwona.
Pambuyo poyamwitsa, mayi amayamba kutenga ana kupita nawo kokasaka, kuwaphunzitsa maluso onse ofunikira pamoyo. Achinyamata ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amayamba moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha komanso wosangalatsa, womwe nthawi yawo yakutchire ili pafupifupi zaka zinayi, ndipo ali mu ukapolo amafikira asanu ndi awiri, nthawi zina kupitilira apo.
Adani achilengedwe a ferrets
Chithunzi: Steppe ferret
Popeza ferret ndi kanyama kakang'ono, kali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo. Mwa ena omwe amamufunira zoipa ndi nkhandwe, mimbulu, amphaka amtchire, mbalame zazikulu zolusa ndi njoka zazikulu zaululu. Adani ena amatha kuwononga chiweto, pomwe ena amatha kutenga moyo. Ponena za mimbulu ndi nkhandwe, nthawi zambiri zimaukira nthawi yachisanu, chakudya chikamachepa, ndipo nthawi yotentha amakonda chakudya china.
Ziwombankhanga ndi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakonda kudya ma ferrets. Njoka zazikulu nazonso zimaukira nyama zazing'ono, koma sizingathane nazo nthawi zonse. Ma Ferrets nthawi zambiri amapulumutsidwa kwa adani chifukwa chothamanga, mwamphamvu komanso mwanzeru. Komanso, musaiwale za chida chawo cha kununkhira chomwe chili pansi pamchira. Nthawi zambiri imapulumutsa miyoyo yawo powopseza otsutsa ndi fungo lawo lapadera.
Ziribe kanthu momwe zowawa zimakhalira, anthu ndi amodzi mwamadani owopsa a ferret. Amavulaza nyama, mwadala komanso mwanjira zina, amakhala m'malo okhalamo a nyamazi, kusiya madera ochepa omwe sanakhudzidwepo kuti nyama zambiri zizichita bwino.
Zonsezi zimabweretsa kufa kwa ma ferrets kapena kukakamizidwa kusamukira kumadera ena akutali. Nthawi zina zochita zachiwawa za anthu zimawononga zamoyo zomwe ferret imadyetsa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimawononganso moyo wa adani awa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Ferret wamkazi
Kukula kwa mtundu wa ferret kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera mitundu yawo. Mapazi akuda (American ferret) amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. M'zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa agalu a m'nkhalango ndi anthu, omwe amakhala gwero la chakudya chanthawi zonse cha chilombocho.
Pofuna kusunga msipu, anthu adapha agalu ambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pofika 1987 panali ma ferrets akuda okhaokha okwana 18 omwe atsala. Zilombozi zomwe zinatsala zinkaikidwa kumalo osungira nyama kuti ziswane bwinobwino. Zimadziwika kuti pofika chaka cha 2013 kuchuluka kwawo kudakwera mpaka 1200, koma mitundu iyi ikadalipo poopsezedwa ndi chiwonongeko komanso chitetezo champhamvu cha oyang'anira maboma.
Chiwerengero cha ma steppe (oyera) ferrets sichiwopsezedwa kuti chitha. Ngakhale miliri, mitundu yonse yamatenda, imakhazikika. Ngakhale kunonso, ma subspecies ena amawerengedwa kuti ali pangozi, chifukwa chake adaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa Amur ferrets ndi kocheperako, akuyesera kuwabereka m'malo opangira izi, izi zidachitika kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo.
Chitetezo cha Ferret
Chithunzi: Ferret wochokera ku Red Book
Chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali, kuchuluka kwa nkhalango zakuda (nkhalango) zinali pafupi kutheratu, koma tsopano zinthu zili bwino kwambiri, nyamazi ndizofala mosiyanasiyana. Kusaka nyama tsopano kuli koletsedwa kwambiri, ndipo chilombocho chimatchulidwa m'buku lofiira.
Ngakhale zonsezi, chiwerengero cha nyama zamtunduwu chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono koma zomwe zikuchepa, zomwe ndizowopsa kwambiri. Titha kungokhulupirira kuti mtsogolomo zinthu zidzasintha kukhala zabwinopo, ndipo mitundu ina ya ma ferrets ikhala yochulukirapo kuposa momwe iliri pano.
Pamapeto pake ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti sizachabe ferret Ndidakondana ndi munthu kwambiri ndipo ndidakhala chiweto, chifukwa kumuwona ndikuyanjana ndi nyama ndizosangalatsa. Onse olusa zoweta ndi zakutchire ndi okongola, oseketsa, agile, othamanga komanso osangalatsa, kotero munthu ayenera kusamalira osati ziweto zake zokha, komanso kuti asalole achibale awo kuthengo kutheratu padziko lathuli.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/31/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 12:06
