Linnet, kapena repola (Carduelis cannabina) ndi mbalame yaying'ono yanyimbo ya banja la a Finch ndi dongosolo la Passerine. Ndizovuta kusunga mbalame zotere kunyumba, chifukwa mbalamezi sizizolowera anthu. Mukasungidwa ndi mbalame zina pamalo otseguka komanso otakasuka, Linnet wokonda ufulu amakhala womasuka.
Kufotokozera kwa Linnet
Kukula kwa mbalame yapakatikatiyi ndi masentimita 14-16 okha ndi mapiko akuluakulu mkati mwa 23-26 cm... Kulemera kwapakati pa linnet kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa magalamu 20-22. Kutalika kwamapiko kwamwamuna wamkulu ndi 76.5-83.5, ndipo chachikazi sikupitilira 71-81. M'madera ambiri, mbalame zotchedwa nyimbo zotchedwa repel, ndipo mdera la Kharkov, mbalame zotere zimatchedwa ansembe.
Maonekedwe
Oimira banja la Finch ndi dongosolo la Passeriformes ali ndi mlomo wa mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri osatenga nthawi yayitali. Mtundu wa milomo ndi imvi. Mchira wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda wakuda ndi malire oyera owoneka bwino. Mutu wa Linnet ndi wotuwa, ndipo pamphumi pali banga lofiira. Khosi la mbalameyi limakongoletsedwa ndi mzere woyera. Maso ndi abulauni.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi ma subspecies osankhidwa ndi kupezeka kwa pakhosi loyera lokhala ndimatope tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'ono, komanso mchira wakumtunda wopepuka, womwe ma brownish samaphatikizana konse.
Chifuwa cha amuna akulu chimakutidwa ndi nthenga zofiira, ndipo mu mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazimayi, mawu ofiirawo kulibiretu, chifukwa chake chifuwa chimakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda. Miyendo ya Linnet ndi yayitali, yokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Zala zazing'ono zakumapeto kwa mbalameyi zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zosongoka. Nthenga zouluka zakuda ndi utoto wakuda.
Moyo, machitidwe
Linnet amakhala nzikhalidwe. Mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'minda yazomera, m'mipanda, komanso zimakhazikika m'nkhalango ndi zitsamba zoteteza. Mbalame zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimakonda mphukira zobiriwira m'mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Mbalame zosamukira kum'mwera kokha kwa magawidwe awo zimakhala ndi moyo wosamukasamuka kapena wokhala pansi.
Pofika masika, oimira oimba a banja la a Finches ndi ma Passeriformes amafika molawirira kokwanira, mozungulira Marichi kapena m'masiku khumi oyamba a Epulo, pambuyo pake amayamba kusaka mwakhama. Nyimbo ya Linnet ndiyovuta, koma yosangalatsa, yopangidwa ndi ma trill osiyanasiyana, ophatikizana, ndikulira, mluzu, ndikung'ung'udza, kutsatirana mosalekeza. Zinthu zonse za nyimbo ya Linnet ndizosavuta.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amuna amtundu wa Linnet samaimba okha, kotero mbalame zingapo zoyimba zimatsimikizika kuti zimakhala patali pang'ono nthawi imodzi.
Amuna a Linnet amayimba atakhala m'mitengo kapena pamwamba pa tchire, pamakoma, nyumba ndi mawaya. Poterepa, amuna mwamakhalidwewo amakweza pamutu pawo ndikutembenukira mbali inayo. Nthawi ndi nthawi yamphongo imatha kunyamuka ndi nyimbo yayikulu mlengalenga, ndipo ikangoyenda kawiri kapena katatu mbalameyo imakonzekera mmbuyo.
Nthawi yoyimba imakhalapo kuyambira pomwe amafika mpaka nthawi yonyamuka, ndipo ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imawonedwa munthawi zisanachitike kubzala ndi kukaikira mazira. Kusamuka kwakanthawi kwa mbalame kumachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndi Okutobala.
Linnet imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mchira wautali sizomwe zimakhala pakati pa mbalame, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Malinga ndi akatswiri a mbalame, mu ukapolo, koma mosamalitsa, ziweto zamphongo zoterezi zitha kukhala zaka pafupifupi khumi mpaka khumi ndi chimodzi.
Zoyipa zakugonana
M'nyengo yamasika, nthenga zamwamuna pa korona, malo oyang'ana kutsogolo ndi bere zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala wa carmine, ndipo mu nthenga za mkazi mulibe mtundu wofiira. Gawo lakumtunda la bulawuni, ndipo mbali ndi mimba zili zoyera pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, koma zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa zakugonana ndizokwanira kuti athe kusiyanitsa akazi ndi amuna.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Dera la Linnet Carduelis cannabina wamba likuyimiriridwa ku Western Europe konse kuchokera kumalire akumpoto. Kum'mwera, oimira mitunduyo amapezeka ku Pyrenees, kumpoto kwa Italy, gawo la Austria, Romania ndi Hungary. Kum'mawa, malo okhala Linnet amadziwika bwino pafupi ndi Tyumen.
Kummwera, malo okhala ndi zisa amapezeka kumunsi kwa Kobdo ndi Ilek, komanso m'chigwa cha Ural chomwe chili chakumwera kumalire a Uralsk. Linnet yocheperako imapezeka pagombe lamanja la Mtsinje wa Volga pafupi ndi Dubovka ndi Kamyshin. Pakusamuka komanso kusamuka, mbalame zamtunduwu zimawonedwa kumpoto kwa Africa, kumwera kwa Europe, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, ndi Central Asia.
Turkestan Linnet (Linaria cannabina bella) imagawidwa kuchokera ku Asia Minor ndi Palestine kupita ku Afghanistan. Ku Caucasus, nthumwi za mitunduyi sizimangokhala mapiri, komanso mapiri aku Central Asia, chisa ku Tarbagatai komanso kudera la Zaisan, makamaka pamapiri otsetsereka. Kum'mwera kwa Linnet, adafalikira ku Semirechye, koma opanda zigwa. Mbalame zoterezi ndizambiri pafupi ndi Dzhambul, m'mphepete mwa mapiri a Tien Shan mpaka kumapiri akumpoto kwa Tajikistan, Darvaz ndi Karategin.
Hemp hemp imapangidwa makamaka m'malo azikhalidwe, kuphatikiza maheji, minda ya zipatso ndi zokolola zoteteza pafupi ndi malo olimidwa kapena njanji.
Ndizosangalatsa! Linnets za Turkestan zimapewa kukhazikika m'nyengo yozizira kupitirira mapiri, pomwe ma Linnets ambiri ozizira nthawi zambiri amayenda panthawiyi.
Malo okhalamo amaphatikizapo zitsamba m'mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, koma mbalamezi sizikhala m'nkhalango zowirira. Turkestan Linnet imakonda mapanga ouma amiyala okhala ndi tchire zosiyanasiyana zaminga, zoyimiridwa ndi barberry, astragalus, meadowsweet ndi juniper.
Zakudya za Linnet
Chakudya chachikulu cha linnet wamba ndi njere ndi mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma makamaka masamba obiriwira, kuphatikiza burdock, burdock, sorelo yamahatchi ndi hellebore. M'magulu ocheperako, oimira banja la a Finches ndi dongosolo la Passeriformes amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Anapiye obadwa kudziko lapansi amadyetsedwa ndi makolo awo ndi nthanga ndi tizilombo. Zakudya za linnet za ku Turkestan sizimamveka bwino pakadali pano, koma zikuwoneka kuti palibe zovuta pazakudya zawo poyerekeza ndi chakudya cha linnet wamba.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kuswa ma linnet awiriawiri kumachitika, monga lamulo, koyambirira kwa Epulo... Amuna panthawiyi amakhala paphiri linalake, komwe, akukweza chipewa chawo ndi chipewa chofiira, amayimba mokweza kwambiri. Pakadali pano, awiriawiri a Linnets amakonda kukhala m'malo okhawo osanja, omwe nthumwi za mitundu yomweyo zimathamangitsidwa. Malo opezera zisa nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa mdera lawo, chifukwa chake awiriawiri a zisa za Linnet amakhala pafupi.
Linnet nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pazitsamba zobiriwira komanso zaminga, posankha nthambi zam'munsi zamitengo yazipatso, spruce umodzi, mitengo ya paini ndi tchire la mlombwa lomwe limamera m'mapiri, m'mapiri kapena m'nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri mbalame za ku Songbird zimamanga zisa zawo munjanji.
Zisa zimayikidwa mita imodzi kapena zitatu pamwamba pa nthaka. Chisa cha linnet ndi cholimba komanso cholimba mokwanira. Makoma akunja a chisa amalukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zimayambira zowuma kapena udzu, mizu yazomera, moss ndi nthiti. Mkati mwake muli utoto, ubweya wa akavalo ndi nthenga. Wapakati thireyi ndi pafupifupi 55 mm, ndikuzama kwa 36-40 mm.
Monga lamulo, linnet imakhala ndimakola awiri mchaka. Mazira a oimira banja la Finch ndi ma Passeriformes mu clutch yoyamba amawonekera mu chisa mu Meyi. Clutch yachiwiri imayikidwa kumapeto kwa Juni kapena m'masiku khumi oyamba a Julayi. Mazira amawasanganiza ndi akazi okhaokha.
Chiwerengero cha mazira ophatikizika kwathunthu ndi 4-6. Mtundu waukulu wa mazira ndi buluu wonyezimira wobiriwira. Mbali yayikulu, pali timizere tofiirira komanso tofiirira wakuda, madontho ndi madontho, omwe amapanga mtundu wa corolla kumapeto kopindika.
Avereji ya kukula kwa dzira ndi 16.3-19.5 x 12.9-13.9 mm ndi 16.0-20.3 x 12.0-14.9 mm, ndipo njira yotchinga imatenga milungu ingapo... Anapiye amakhala mkatikati mwa chisa chawo pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndipo tiana tomwe tatuluka timadyetsedwa masiku angapo, makamaka ndi amuna. Akazi panthawiyi ayamba ntchito yomanga chisa chawo chachiwiri. Anapiye a ana achiwiri amasiya chisa mzaka khumi zapitazi za Julayi. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, gulu la mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zimasamuka kwakanthawi, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimasamukira mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa dera.
Adani achilengedwe
Linnet imasakidwa ndi nyama zodya nthenga zomwe zimakhala pansi komanso nthenga, zomwe zimatha kugwira mbalame yanyimbo yolimba komanso yolimba. Nthawi zambiri, a Linnet achichepere amagwidwa kuti awasunge ngati akapolo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Repoli imabereka bwino ikasungidwa m'miyambo. Ma hybrids a Linnet okhala ndi ma canaries ofiira, greenfinches ndi ma goldfinches amadziwika bwino.
Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame komanso okonda mbalame zapanyumba atsimikizira kuti ma hybridi amapezeka ku linnet ndi greenfinches. Mitundu yotereyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi luso loimba lomwe lingawongolere luso lawo la kuyimba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kuchuluka kwa Linnet vulgaris kumapezeka paliponse. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chochepa kwambiri kumalire akumpoto chakugawika, komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa gawo la Europe la Soviet Union.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Mbalame ya Blue macaw
- Mbalame hoopoe
- Mbalame yakuda yakuda
- Mbalame ya njiwa
Ngakhale kuli kwakuti palibe chowopseza kukhalapo kwa nthumwi za zamoyozo pakadali pano ndipo ndizofala kwambiri, m'maiko ena ku Europe mbalame yanyimbo yotereyi imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zotetezedwa.
