Kukhalapo ntchentche m'nthaka ndilo loto lalikulu la mlimi aliyense. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri paulimi. Kuti apange ulendo wawo, amayenera kusuntha mobisa kwambiri.
Adalitsa dziko lapansi kwambiri kwazaka zambiri. Pamasiku amvula, amatha kuwona pansi, koma siovuta kugwira. Ali ndi thupi lokwanira mokwanira kuti abisalire munthu mobisa popanda zovuta zambiri.
Amakhala malo akulu panthaka, kuipangitsa kukhala ndi humus ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti zokololazo zikhale zapamwamba kwambiri. Izi ndizo ntchito ya nyongolotsi. Kodi dzina ili lidachokera kuti? Mvula ikagwa, mabowo apansi panthaka ya nyongolotsi amadzazidwa ndi madzi, chifukwa cha izi amayenera kukwawa.
Momwe mungadziwire biohumus? Ndi chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimayendetsa bwino chinyezi cha nthaka. Nthaka ikasowa madzi, imatulutsidwa mu humus, ndipo mosemphanitsa, ndi kuchuluka kwake, vermicompost imayamwa mosavuta.
Pofuna kumvetsetsa momwe zolengedwa zopanda moyozi zingapangire zinthu zamtengo wapatali, ndikwanira kumvetsetsa momwe zimadyera komanso zomwe zimadya. Chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi zotsalira zomwe zawonongeka pakati pazomera, zomwe zimadya nthawi imodzi ndi nthaka.
Nthaka imasakanizidwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera poyenda mkati mwa nyongolotsi. M'zonyansa za zolengedwa izi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika kuzomera kumakulirakulira.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mphutsi
Zilombozi zimawerengedwa ngati nyongolotsi zazing'ono. Thupi la nyongolotsi ali ndi kutalika kosiyana kwambiri. Amayambira pa 2 cm mpaka mamita 3. Pali magawo 80 mpaka 300. Kapangidwe ka nyongolotsi achilendo komanso osangalatsa.
Amasuntha mothandizidwa ndi ziphuphu zazifupi. Ali mgulu lililonse. Kupatula kokha ndi akunja; alibe ma setae. Chiwerengero cha setae sichimodziwikiratu, pali zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kupitilira apo, chiwerengerochi chimafika khumi ndi awiri. Zowonjezera zambiri mu mphutsi kuchokera kumadera otentha.
Ponena za kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka mphutsi, imatsekedwa ndipo imapangidwa bwino. Mtundu wamagazi awo ndi ofiira. Zamoyozi zimapuma chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi khungu lawo.
Khungu limakhalanso ndi ntchofu yapadera yoteteza. Maphikidwe awo ovuta sanapangidwe konse. Alibe ziwalo zowonekera konse. M'malo mwake, pamakhala khungu lapadera pakhungu lomwe limachita ndi kuwala.
M'malo omwewo, pali masamba a kulawa, kununkhiza komanso kukhudza. Nyongolotsi zimakhala ndi luso lotha kusinthika. Amatha kuchira mosavuta kuwonongeka kwakumbuyo kwa thupi lawo.
Banja lalikulu la nyongolotsi, lomwe tsopano likufunsidwa, lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200. Ziphuphu ali amitundu iwiri. Ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Zonse zimadalira momwe moyo umakhalira komanso zamoyo. Gawo loyamba limaphatikizapo ziphuphu zomwe zimapeza chakudya chawo panthaka. Omalizawa amadzipezera chakudya chawo.
Nyongolotsi zomwe zimapeza chakudya chawo mobisa zimatchedwa mbozi zofunda ndipo sizikhala zakuya kupitirira masentimita 10 pansi pa nthaka ndipo sizikula ngakhale nthaka ikauma kapena kuuma. Nyongolotsi zonyansa ndi gulu lina la nyongolotsi. Zilombozi zimatha kumira pang'ono kuposa zam'mbuyomu, pofika masentimita 20.
Pobowola nyongolotsi zomwe zimadya pansi pa nthaka, kuya kwakukulu kumayamba kuchokera mita imodzi ndikubwera. Nyongolotsi za Burrow nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuziwona pamwamba. Pafupifupi samawonekera pamenepo. Ngakhale pakukhwima kapena kudyetsa, sizituluka kwathunthu muboola wawo.
Moyo wa nyongolotsi Kubowola kwathunthu kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto kumadutsa pansi panthaka pantchito zaulimi. Nyongolotsi zimapezeka kulikonse, kupatula m'malo ozizira ozizira. Mphutsi zowuluka ndi zofunda zimakhala bwino m'nthaka yadzaza madzi.
Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, m'malo am'madambo komanso m'malo otentha otentha. Taiga ndi tundra zimakondedwa ndi zinyalala ndi nyongolotsi zowononga nthaka. Nthaka ndi yabwino kwambiri mu steppe chernozems.
M'malo onse amatha kusintha, koma amakhala omasuka kwambiri mbozi m'nthaka nkhalango za coniferous-broadleaf. M'chilimwe, amakhala pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo nthawi yozizira amamira kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nyongolotsi
Zambiri mwa moyo wa anthu opanda mapikowa zimadutsa mobisa. Chifukwa manyongolotsi alipo nthawi zambiri? Izi zimawateteza. Maukonde a makonde ozama osiyanasiyana adakumba mobisa ndi zolengedwa izi.
Ali ndi manda kwathunthu kumeneko. Mamina amawathandiza kuyendayenda ngakhale m'nthaka yovuta kwambiri. Sangakhale pansi pa dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kwa iwo ali ngati imfa chifukwa amakhala ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri. Kuwala kwa ma ultraviolet kumawopsa kwenikweni, chifukwa chake, nyongolotsi zimakhala mobisa ndipo mumvula yamvula, mitambo imakwawa pamwamba.
Nyongolotsi zimakonda kukhala usiku. Ndi usiku momwe mungapeze ambiri padziko lapansi. Poyamba mbozi m'nthaka kusiya gawo la matupi awo kuti akawone momwe zinthu zilili ndipo pokhapokha malo oyandikana nawo asanawopsyeze ndi chilichonse amapita panja pang'ono kuti akapeze chakudya chawo.
Thupi lawo limatha kutambasula bwino. Chiwombankhanga chambiri chimayang'ana kumbuyo, chomwe chimachitchinjiriza kuzinthu zakunja. Ndizosatheka kutulutsa nyongolotsi yonse kuti isaswe, chifukwa cholinga chodzitchinjiriza chimamatira pamakoma a dzenje ndi ziphuphu zake.
Nyongolotsi nthawi zina zimakula kwambiri
Zanenedwa kale kale udindo wa nyongolotsi zosaneneka kwa anthu. Sizingowonjezera nthaka ndikudzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira, komanso zimamasula, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, kuti apulumuke kuzizira, amayenera kupita mozama, kuti asadzipezere okha chisanu ndikugwa.
Amamva kubwera kwa kasupe panthaka yotentha ndi madzi amvula, omwe amayamba kuzungulira m'mabowo awo. Pakufika masika nyongolotsi imatuluka ndipo akuyamba ntchito yake yaukadaulo waukadaulo.
Kudyetsa nyongolotsi
Ndi omnivore yopanda pake. Ziwalo za nyongolotsi adapangidwa kuti azitha kumeza dothi lalikulu. Pamodzi ndi izi, masamba owola amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chilichonse kupatula kolimba komanso kosanunkhira kosangalatsa kwa nyongolotsi, komanso mbewu zatsopano.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka nyongolotsi
Amakoka zakudya zonse izi mobisa ndikuyamba kudya pamenepo kale. Sakonda mitsempha ya masamba; mbozi zimangodya gawo lofewa la tsamba. Amadziwika kuti manyongolotsi ndi zolengedwa zosangalatsa.
Amasunga masambawo muboola wawo mosungira, ndikuwapinda mosamala. Komanso, mwina anali akumba dzenje lapadera kuti asunge chakudya. Amadzaza dzenje ndi chakudya ndikuphimba ndi dothi. Osayendera chipinda chawo kufikira pakufunika.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nyongolotsi
Mitunduyi imakhala yopanda pake. Amakopeka ndi fungo. Amakwatirana, amalumikizana ndi mamina awo, ndipo amawoloka umuna, amasinthana ndi umuna.
Mluza wa nyongolotsi umasungidwa mu chikoko cholimba pa lamba la kholo. Siziwonekeranso kuzinthu zovuta kwambiri zakunja. Nthawi zambiri amabadwa nyongolotsi imodzi. Amakhala zaka 6-7.
