Okonda nsomba zam'madzi amadziwika ndi mitundu yawo yambiri, koma osati yonse. Koma ma aquarists onse amadziwa bwino nkhanu yaying'ono yomwe imapita kuzinyama zawo kukadya - gammarus.
Maonekedwe a Gammarus
Banja la gammarids ndi la mtundu wa nsomba zazinkhanira zapamwamba. Gammarus ndi a dongosolo la amphipods ndipo ali ndi mitundu yoposa 200. Dzina lodziwika bwino la amphipods mwa anthu ndi mormysh, ndipo limagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 4500.
Izi ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono, zazitali pafupifupi masentimita 1. Thupi lawo limakhazikika mu arc, lotetezedwa ndi chivundikiro chachitini, chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu 14. Mtundu wa gammarus umadalira chakudya chomwe amadya.
Mitengo ya crustaceans yomwe imadyetsa zomera imakhala yobiriwira, pali mitundu ya bulauni ndi yachikasu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ku Nyanja ya Baikal, ndipo mitundu yakuya kwambiri yam'madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda utoto. Pali ziwalo za masomphenya - maso awiri ophatikizika, ndi ziwalo zogwira - magulu awiri a tinyanga pamutu. Ndevu imodzi imayendetsedwa patsogolo komanso motalika, yachiwiri imayang'ana kumbuyo.
Gammarus ali ndi miyendo 9 yamiyendo, ndipo gulu lililonse lili ndi ntchito yake. Miyendo ya pectoral ili ndi mitsempha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupuma. Amatetezedwa ndi mbale zopyapyala koma zolimba. Miyendo yokha ikuyenda nthawi zonse kuti ipereke madzi abwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Komanso pamiyendo iwiri yakutsogolo mumakhala zikhadabo, zomwe zimafunikira kuti zigwire nyama ndipo panthawi yobereka zimathandiza kugwiritsitsa mkazi mwamphamvu.
Miyendo itatu pamimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira ndipo imapatsidwa ma bristles. Magulu atatu omalizirawa amayang'ana kumbuyo ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi masamba, iwo ndi mchira wa nkhandwe zimatembenuka ndikupita patsogolo.
Amakutanso ndi ma bristles. Ndi zida izi gammarus amakhazikitsa njira yake. Thupi la akazi limakhalanso ndi chipinda chapadera cha ana, chomwe chili pachifuwa.
Malo a Gammarus
Malo okhalamo a Gammarus ndi otakata kwambiri - amakhala m'dera lalikulu lakumpoto, amaphatikizanso China, Japan, ndi zilumba zambiri. M'dera la dziko lathu, mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo imapezeka m'nyanja ya Baikal. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Gammarus amakhala m'madzi abwino, koma mitundu yambiri imakhala m'madzi amchere. Mitsinje, nyanja, maiwe amayenera. Kusankha malo osungira oyera, mwa kupezeka kwa gammarus m'madzi, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungira.
Amakonda nyengo yozizira, koma amatha kukhala kutentha mpaka +25 C⁰. Kutentha, nthawi zambiri kumapezeka pansi, pansi pamiyala yozizira, pakati pa algae, driftwood, pomwe pamakhala kuwala pang'ono. Amakonda kusambira m'mbali mwa nyanja, m'madzi osaya, amakonda malo amithunzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, imatuluka pansi ndikumamatira ku ayezi, ndichifukwa chakuti amphipod ilibe mpweya wokwanira pansi. Pofuna kudyetsa, imamira pansi ndipo ili pakati pa nkhalango.
Moyo wa Gammarus
Gammarus ndi wokangalika, nthawi zonse amayenda. Miyendo yoyendetsa ndiyopangira kusambira, koma miyendo yoyenda imalumikizidwanso. M'madzi osaya, pafupi ndi gombe, nyama zakutchire zimasambira mbali zawo, koma mwakuya zimatuluka ndikusambira ndi nsana. Kusuntha kuli lakuthwa, thupi limapindika nthawi zonse. Ngati pali chithandizo cholimba pansi pa mapazi anu, ndiye kuti Gammarus amatha kudumpha m'madzi.
Kufunika kosavuta kwa mpweya wabwino kumapangitsa Gammarusi kuti asunthire mwachangu miyendo yakutsogolo kuti apange madzi m'mitsinje. Mwa akazi, panthawi yobereka mphutsi, zowalamulira mchipinda cha ana zimatsukidwanso motere.
Moyo wanga wonse crustacean gammarus imakula, kusintha kutumphuka kwachitsulo komwe kwakhala kocheperako kwatsopano. M'nyengo yozizira, molt amapezeka 1.5-2 kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kamodzi pa sabata.
Akazi pambuyo pa molt wachisanu ndi chiwiri amatenga mbale pachifuwa, zomwe zimapanga chipinda cha ana. Chipindachi chimakhala ndi boti, chimalumikiza pamimba ndi latisi, ndipo kunja kwa mpata pakati pa mbale ndizodzaza ndi ma bristles owonda. Chifukwa chake, m'chipindamo muli mabowo ambiri, chifukwa madzi abwino nthawi zonse amapita kumazira.
Chakudya cha Gammarus
Chakudya cha Gammarus ndi chomera ndi chinyama. Awa ndiwo magawo obiriwira a mbewu, nthawi zambiri masamba owola kale, udzu. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pachakudya cha nyama - amakonda zotsalira zakufa.
Izi zimabweretsa maubwino ena - gammarus amayeretsa zotsalira zapoizoni. Amadyetsanso plankton. Amatha kudya nyongolotsi zazing'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo amawaukira pagulu.
Amasonkhana kuti adye ngati atapeza chinthu chachikulu choti adye chakudya chamasana. Ngati nkhandwe zikapeza nsomba zakufa mu ukonde wosodza, zimatha kukuyambazani, limodzi ndi nyamayo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa gammarus
Kubereketsa kwa Gammarus kumachitika mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Kum'mwera, nkhandwe zimatha kukula kangapo, kumpoto, imodzi yokha pakati chilimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, chachimuna chimapeza chachikazi, chimamatira kumbuyo kwake ndikuthandizira wosankhidwayo kuchotsa "zovala" zakale.
Mkazi atangotulutsa, chachimuna chimatulutsa umuna, womwe amawupaka ndi zala zawo m'chipinda cha ana. Pambuyo pake, adakwaniritsa ntchito za abambo ndikusiya mayi wamtsogolo. Mkazi amaikira mazira m'chipinda chake. Ndi zazikulu komanso zakuda.
Chiwerengerocho chimafika zidutswa 30. Ngati madzi ndi ofunda, ndiye kuti mazirawo amatenga masabata awiri kapena atatu kuti aswe. Ngati dziwe ndilabwino, ndiye kuti "mimba" imatha miyezi 1.5. Mphutsi zoswedwa sizimathamangira kunja, zimakhala mchipinda cha ana mpaka kumutu koyamba, kenako zimachoka.
Ndi molt wotsatira uliwonse, ma antennas a mwachangu amatalikitsidwa. Gammarus woswedwa masika amatha kukhala ndi ana awo pofika nthawi yophukira. Ndipo nkhanu zimakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.
Mtengo wa gammarus ngati chakudya
Nthawi zambiri crustacean gammarus ntchito monga okhwima nsomba za aquarium. Zomwezo zimadyetsedwa gammarus ndi akamba, nkhono... Ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri chomwe chili ndi theka la mapuloteni. Lili ndi carotene yambiri, yomwe imapereka mitundu yowala ku nsomba zam'madzi.
Zachidziwikire, mutha kugula pa sitolo iliyonse yazinyama, mtengo wa gammarus zovomerezeka ndipo zimatengera wopanga okhwima ndi voliyumu. Chifukwa chake matumba a magalamu 15 amawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 25, komanso pogula gammarus wouma ndi kulemera, mutha kupeza mtengo ndi ma ruble 400 pa kilogalamu.
Kugwira gammarus osati zovuta, chifukwa chake ngati dera lanu lili ndi mayiwe oyenera, mutha kupezanso ziweto zanu zaku aquarium chakudya nokha. Ndikokwanira kuyika mtolo wa maudzu kapena udzu wouma pansi pa dziwe, ndipo patatha maola ochepa mutulutseni ndi chinyama chomwe chatsekedwa pamenepo, chomwe chatsala pang'ono kudya nkhomaliro.
Muthanso kupanga ukonde pa ndodo yayitali, ndikuzitenga kuchokera pansi pamatumbo a algae, pomwe mungoyenera kusankha ma crustaceans. Mutha kupulumutsa nsomba m'madzi momwe mudagwiridwira, mutha kukulunga mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuyika malo ozizira. Koma ngati pali mormysh wambiri ndipo nsomba zilibe nthawi yoti idye, ndibwino kuti muziumitsa kapena amaundana gammarus kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo.
