Achibale oyandikira kwambiri ku mink ku Europe ndi ma weasel ndi ma ferrets. Chifukwa cha ubweya wake wofunda komanso wokongola kwambiri, womwe umakhala wamitundu ndi mithunzi, wosungidwa makamaka mumtundu wofiirira, amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zofunika kwambiri zaubweya. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yamtchire, palinso zoweta, ndipo okonda mink ambiri samasunga nyama izi ngati gwero laubweya, koma monga ziweto.
Kufotokozera kwa Mink
Mink ndi nyama yodyera ya banja la weasel, yomwe ili m'gulu la ma weasel ndi ma ferrets.... Kumtchire, iye, monga abale ake ena - otter, amakhala moyo wam'madzi wam'madzi ndipo, monga otter, ali ndi nembanemba pakati pazala zake.
Maonekedwe
Ichi ndi nyama yaying'ono, yomwe kukula kwake sikupitilira theka la mita, ndipo kulemera kwake sikufikira kilogalamu. Mink imakhala ndi thupi lokhazikika, miyendo yochepa ndi mchira waufupi. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwake kumakhala kuchokera pa masentimita 28 mpaka 43, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 550 mpaka 800. Mchira wa mink waku Europe utha kufikira pafupifupi masentimita 20. Chifukwa chakuti nyama iyi imakhala moyo wam'madzi pang'ono, ubweya wake samanyowa ngakhale atakhala m'madzi nthawi yayitali. Ndi yochepa, yolimba komanso yolimba kwambiri, yokhala ndi malaya amkati olemera, omwe, monga awn, samathamangitsa madzi. Ubweya wa nyama yofubidwazi nthawi zonse umakhala wandiweyani komanso wofewa: kusintha kwa nyengo sikungakhudze mtundu wake.
Mutu wa mink waku Europe ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi thupi, wokhala ndi thunzi tating'onoting'ono komanso tofewa pamwamba. Makutu ozungulira ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kotero kuti amakhala osawoneka pansi paubweya wonenepa komanso wandiweyani. Maso ndi ochepa, koma nthawi yomweyo amawoneka bwino, okhala ndi mafoni komanso osangalatsa, monga ma weasel ena, maso. Chifukwa chakuti mink amatsogolera moyo wam'madzi wam'madzi, pamakhala matumbo ake, omwe amakula bwino kwambiri kumbuyo kwa nyama kuposa kutsogolo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mink yakunyumba yaku Europe ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 60 yamtundu wa ubweya, kuphatikiza zoyera, zamabuluu ndi lilac, zomwe sizimapezeka mwa anthu amtchire amtundu uwu. Obereketsa, mofananira ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo, abwera ndi mayina monga, miyala ya safiro, topazi, ngale, siliva, chitsulo, kutanthauzira mitundu ya mink wapakhomo.
Mtundu wa mink wakutchire ndi wachilengedwe: itha kukhala yamtundu uliwonse wofiira, wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Amapezeka munyama zakutchire ndi minks zakuda bulauni komanso pafupifupi mithunzi yakuda. Minks zakutchire komanso zoweta, kupatula nyama zoyera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zipsera zoyera pachifuwa, pamimba ndi pakamwa pa nyama.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mink yaku Europe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mayendedwe ake osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa. Wodya nyama kuchokera kubanja la weasel amakonda kukhala moyo wosungulumwa, ndikukhala mdera lina lokhala mahekitala 15-20. Imagwira kwambiri mumdima, kuyambira nthawi yamadzulo, koma imathanso kusaka masana. Ngakhale kuti mink amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yam'madzi, imakhalabe nthawi yayitali pagombe, komwe imayang'ana nyama yomwe ingakhalepo.
M'nyengo yotentha, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, chimayenda pafupifupi kilomita, koma nthawi yozizira, nthawi yakusowa chakudya, imatha kuyenda mtunda kawiri... Nthawi yomweyo, imadula njira yake, kuifupikitsa podumphira m'mabowo ndi kugonjetsa gawo la njirayo pansi pamadzi, kapena poyenda ngalande zokumba pansi pa chipale chofewa. Mink ndiyabwino kusambira ndikusambira.
M'madzi, imakoka ndi mapazi onse anayi nthawi imodzi, ndichifukwa chake mayendedwe ake amakhala osagwirizana: zikuwoneka kuti nyama ikuyenda mosunthika. Mink sachita mantha ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano: sizomwe zimamulepheretsa, chifukwa pafupifupi konse, kupatula momwe ziliri m'mitsinje yothamanga kwambiri, sizimanyamula ndipo sizimawachotsa panjira yomwe nyama imafuna.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mink sikuti imangosambira ndikusambira bwino, komanso imatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi, ikumamatira kumtunda kosagwirizana ndi zikhadabo zake.
Koma samathamanga ndikukwera bwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngozi zowopsa zokha, monga chilombo chomwe chimawonekera mwadzidzidzi pafupi, chingakakamize mink kukwera mumtengo. Amadzikumbira yekha, kapena amakhala nawo omwe atayidwa ndi ma muskrats kapena makoswe amadzi. Imatha kukhazikika m'ming'alu ndi malo ena m'nthaka, m'mapanga omwe sanakwere padziko lapansi, kapena milu ya bango.
Nthawi yomweyo, mink imagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zokhazikika pafupipafupi kuposa nyama zina zochokera kubanja la weasel, lomwe limatchedwa. Dzenje lake ndi lakuya, limakhala ndi chipinda chochezera, zotuluka ziwiri ndi chipinda chopangira chimbudzi. Monga lamulo, kutuluka kumodzi kumabweretsa kumadzi, ndipo chachiwiri kumatulutsidwa m'nkhalango zowirira. Chipinda chachikulu chimakhala ndi udzu wouma, masamba, moss kapena nthenga za mbalame.
Kodi mink amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Minks aku Europe, amakhala kuthengo, amakhala zaka 9-10, koma achibale awo amakhala ndi moyo zaka 15 mpaka 18, zomwe sizofupikitsa nyama yodya nyama.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Monga nyama zina zodyera, mawonekedwe azakugonana am'madzi am'madzi amawonetsedwa poti amuna amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Kusiyana kwa utoto kapena china chilichonse, kupatula kukula, mawonekedwe akunja, oimira amuna kapena akazi osiyanasiyana ndi ochepa ndipo, makamaka, amatengera cholowa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
M'mbuyomu, mink yaku Europe idakhala kudera lalikulu kuyambira ku Finland mpaka kumapiri a Ural. Kuchokera kumwera, unali malire ndi mapiri a Caucasus ndi Pyrenees kumpoto kwa Spain. Kumadzulo, mitunduyi idafalikira ku France komanso kum'mawa kwa Spain. Koma chifukwa chakuti kusaka minks kwakhala kukuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali, komwe kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri pazaka 150 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka, komwe kale kudatambasula mzere wopitilira kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa, kunachepetsa kuzilumba zilizonse komwe akukhalabe kunyasazi.
Pakadali pano, minks aku Europe amakhala kumpoto kwa Spain, kumadzulo kwa France, Romania, Ukraine ndi Russia. Komanso, m'dera la dziko lathu, anthu ambiri amakhala m'chigawo cha Vologda, Arkhangelsk ndi Tver. Koma ngakhale kumeneko mink waku Europe sangamve kukhala otetezeka chifukwa choti m'malo awo, mink yaku America ikupezeka kwambiri - wotsutsana naye wamkulu komanso wopikisana naye, ndikuchotsa m'malo ake achilengedwe.
Mink yaku Europe imakhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, makamaka amakonda kusankha mitsinje yokhala ndi magombe odekha odzazidwa ndi alder ndi zomera zouma, ndi mitsinje yamnkhalango yomwe imayenda mosangalala komanso masamba ambiri amphepete mwa nyanja ngati malo ake, pomwe sikhala pamitsinje yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Koma imathanso kukhala m'chigawo cha steppe, pomwe nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja, mayiwe, madambo, ma oxbows komanso m'malo amadzi osefukira. Chimapezekanso m'mapiri, komwe chimakhala m'mitsinje yamapiri yomwe ili ndi nkhalango zokutidwa ndi nkhalango.
Zakudya zaku mink ku Europe
Mink ndi nyama yodya nyama, ndipo ndi chakudya cha nyama chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri pa zakudya zake.... M'madzi, amagwira mwaluso nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu la nyama. Pagombe limasaka timakoswe tating'onoting'ono, achule, njoka zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi zina - ndi mbalame. Iye samanyansidwa ndi chule caviar ndi tadpoles, crayfish, molluscs amadzi abwino komanso tizilombo. Makina okhala pafupi ndi midzi nthawi zina amatha kusaka nkhuku, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ikasowa chakudya amatola zinyalala pafupi ndi pomwe anthu amakhala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyengo yozizira isanayambike, nyamayi imakonda kukonza malo osungira ziweto mumkhola wake kapena "zovala" zapadera. Nthawi zambiri amadzaza nkhosazi, kuti zisamakakamize anthu kudya njala mink.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zodya nyama zomwe zimakonda nyama "ndi fungo", mink waku Europe amakonda kudya chakudya chatsopano. Nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi njala masiku angapo m'mbuyomu, posowa china chilichonse, amayamba kudya nyama yovunda.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokhwima mu mink ku Europe imayamba kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo, pomwe ndewu zaphokoso nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pa amuna, limodzi ndi kulira mokweza kwa omenyera. Chifukwa chakuti nyengo yokwatirana imayamba ngakhale chisanu chisanasungunuke m'malo ambiri, malo omwe mink rut imachitikira amawonekera bwino chifukwa cha misewu yoponderezedwa ndi akazi m'mbali mwa gombe, yotchedwa mafunde. Akakwatirana, amuna ndi akazi amatha kupita kumadera awo, ndipo ngati njira zawo zisanadutsenso, kenako mwamwayi.
Mimba imatenga masiku 40 mpaka 43 ndipo imatha ndi ana anayi kapena asanu, ngakhale, atha kukhala kuyambira awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Ana amabadwa akhungu komanso opanda thandizo, mkazi amawadyetsa mkaka mpaka milungu 10. Pakadali pano, minks zazing'ono zimayamba kusaka pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndi amayi awo, ndipo pakadutsa milungu 12 amakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti mink sizigwirizana ndi banja la canine, ana awo, komanso ana a ma weasel ena, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ana agalu.
Mpaka nthawi yophukira, banja limakhalira limodzi, pambuyo pake anawo amakula kukafunafuna malo omwe angawathandize. Kukula msinkhu mu minks kumachitika pafupifupi miyezi 10.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe aku minks aku Europe ndi awiri: otter ndi wachibale wawo, American mink, adabweretsa kudera la Russia ndipo pafupifupi kulikonse adayamba kupondereza ndikuwononganso "azungu" ang'onoang'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenda, makamaka matenda opatsirana, omwe minks zaku America ndizonyamula ndi kunyamula, nawonso ndi owopsa ku mink yaku Europe. Ma Ferrets, ziwombankhanga zagolide, akadzidzi akulu ndi nkhandwe amathanso kusankhidwa kukhala adani achilengedwe a mink.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, mink waku Europe akuwoneka kuti watsala pang'ono kutha ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book. Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa mitunduyi, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi:
- Kutaya malo chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu.
- Kusaka.
- Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nkhono zam'madzi zopanda madzi zomwe zimalowa m'malo oyambira mink.
- Kulimbana ndi mink yaku America komanso matenda omwe amatenga.
- Kusakanikirana ndi ferret, komwe kumachitika pomwe kuchuluka kwa minks kumakhala kotsika kale, chifukwa chake sizotheka kupeza mnzake pakati pa omwe akuyimira mitundu yawo. Vuto ndiloti ngakhale ma hybrids achikazi amatha kuberekana, amuna omwe amakhala pakati pa ferret ndi mink ndi osabala, omwe pamapeto pake amatsogolera kutsika kwakukulu kwa mitunduyo.
- Kuchuluka kwa ziweto zachilengedwe, makamaka nkhandwe.
Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti ma mink aku Europe omwe amakhala kuthengo adatsala pang'ono kutha.... Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri komwe nyama izi zimapezekabe, pali zomwe akutenga kuti asunge geni ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake. Kwa izi, komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa minks, njira monga kubwezeretsa malo okhala, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungirako anthu komanso mapulogalamu osungira genome akuchitika, omwe anthu ena omwe agwidwa kuthengo amasungidwa ndikubedwa mu ukapolo akawonongeka komaliza m'malo awo achilengedwe. malo okhala.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu akhala akuchitira mink ku Europe kokha kuchokera kwa ogula omwe amangokonda ubweya wawo wofunda, wandiweyani komanso wokongola, kwinaku akuiwaliratu kusaka kosawongoleredwa ndikuwononga malo omwe nyama izi zimakhala kuthengo, komanso zomwe zidachitika Kudziwitsidwa mochedwa kwa mink yaku America mosakayikira kudzapangitsa kuchepa kwa anthu.
Adazindikira izi mochedwa, kale pomwe kuchokera kumalo akale okhala ku mink ku Europe panali tizilumba tating'ono pomwe nyama izi zimapezekabe. Njira zotetezera nyama zomwe zatengedwa, cholinga chake ndikukulitsa chiwerengerocho ndikusunga jini la mink ku Europe, ngakhale zili zochepa, zasintha zinthu, kotero kuti mtundu uwu wa weasel uli ndi mwayi wopulumuka, komanso kukhazikikanso m'malo ake onse akale.
