Wopha nkhosa - umu ndi momwe alimi aku New Zealand amatchulira mbalameyo. M'nyengo yozizira, ma parrot amakhaladi ngati nyama zosakhutira, koma izi sizokhazo zomwe sizodabwitsa.
Kufotokozera kwa parrot kea
Nestor notabilis (kea) ndi amtundu wa Nestor, ndipo adapeza dzina lachidule kuchokera ku Maori, azikhalidwe zaku New Zealand... Amwenyewo sanadzidandaule ndikufunafuna dzina lakutali, posankha kutchula maperoti molingana ndi kulira kwawo kwakuthwa "ke-aaa".
Maonekedwe
Kea sangathe kukopa chidwi ndi kusiyanasiyana ndi kuwala kwa nthenga, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zambiri. Oimira mitunduyo amawoneka ochepetsetsa, popeza gawo lakunja / kumtunda kwa thupi ndi mapiko ndizopaka utoto wabuluu komanso wobiriwira (wosiyanasiyana). Sera yakuda yakuda, autilaini mozungulira maso ndi zikoko za imvi sizimawonjezera kufotokoza. Chithunzicho chimangosintha parrot atangotsegula mapiko ake obiriwira ngati azitona, pomwe pansi pake pamapezeka nthenga zamoto zoyaka. Ira wamkulu samakula kupitirira theka la mita (ndi mapiko kutalika kwa 33-34 cm) ndipo amalemera kuchokera ku 0.7 mpaka 1 kg.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kea ili ndi mlomo wodabwitsa kwambiri: ndi wakuthwa kwambiri, wopindika mwamphamvu ndipo uli ndi mlomo wapamwamba kwambiri wautali kwambiri kuposa wapansi. Kea (chifukwa cha kapangidwe kachilendo ka mlomo) nthawi zina amatchedwa parrot.
Mwa njira, akatswiri azakuthambo pamaphunziro aposachedwa apeza kuti morphologically, falcons ali pafupi ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, osati zamoyo zolusa monga ziwombankhanga ndi nkhwangwa.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kea ndi wamtali ngati khwangwala, koma amamuposa mwanzeru, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malingana ndi IQ, mbalameyi ili patsogolo pa anyani. Kuphatikiza apo, kea (wokhala pamwamba pa 1.5 km pamwamba pa nyanja) ndiye parrot yekhayo wamapiri ndipo amakhala ngati chitsanzo chosinthira. Kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zamtunduwu, kusintha komwe kumachitika ndikusintha ntchito zomwe chilengedwe chimapereka kwa zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi milomo. Anapatsidwa ma parrot kuti akwere mitengo mwachangu ndikuphwanya zipatso, koma popita nthawi, kea atasandulika zolusa, adayamba kuchita ntchito ina.
Zofunika! Oimira mitunduyo amatsogolera (kutengera momwe zinthu zilili) tsiku limodzi kapena moyo wakusiku, amadziwika ndi moyo wokhazikika, asintha nyengo yovuta, ndipo makamaka saopa chimfine.
Kea ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino zomwe nthawi zina zimasambira m'madontho osungunuka kapena kugwa m'chipale chofewa. Zochitika zausiku zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yotentha; mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimayenda kuposa achikulire. A Kea amapita pandege zazifupi posaka chakudya, ndipo amapita pagulu lalikulu, makamaka mphepo yamkuntho isanachitike, ikuzungulira zigwa ndikulira kwambiri.
Nzeru zodabwitsa komanso chidwi, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa chifukwa chosachita manyazi komanso kulimba mtima, zidasandutsa kea kukhala chidole cha alendo ambiri komanso chilango chenicheni kwa anthu am'deralo (omwe amatcha mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwezo kuti "zisudzo za mapiri"). Pofunafuna chakudya, kea amapita kumalo otayira zinyalala komanso mopanda manyazi amatayira zinyalala, ndikutaya zomwe zili pansi molunjika. Kea yovutika ndi njala idzatenga chovala chagalimoto, ndikuyang'ana zikwama zamatumba ndi matumba, kujompha m'mahema, osasamala anthu omwe ayima pafupi naye.
Angati kea amakhala
Ma Parrot amtundu wa Nestor notabilis amakhala nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina amapitilira zaka 50. Kea ali ndi luso loyendetsa ndikusintha ukapolo. Pakadali pano, kea yakhazikika m'mapaki angapo azachilengedwe padziko lapansi - ku Amsterdam, Budapest, Warsaw, Copenhagen ndi Vienna.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Amuna a Kea ndi akulu komanso owala kuposa akazi, ofooka pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, milomo yamphongo nthawi zonse imakhala yayitali kuposa yaikazi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalame, mosatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, amaphunzira mosavuta (nthawi zambiri pongoyang'ana pachibale), kusiyanitsa mitundu, kuthana ndi zovuta ndikuwonetsa kukumbukira bwino. Kea amagwira ntchito payekha komanso ngati gulu, komanso amakumana ndi mayesero omwe anyani sanathe kupitako.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kea amadziwika kuti amapezeka ku New Zealand, chifukwa amakhala m'mapiri a South Island (pamwamba pa nkhalango). Mitunduyi imazolowera bwino nyengo yachisanu, posankha nyengo yovuta kukhala yotentha kwambiri. Kea samawopa mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho yam'chilimwe, amakonda kuzizira ndi chisanu.
Kea amakhala m'mapiri, nkhalango za beech ndi zigwa zokhala ndi mapiri otsetsereka, nthawi ndi nthawi amatsikira kumapiri akumapiri ndikufufuza nkhalango zowirira. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe siziwopa anthu, choncho nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo omisasa, mahotela, malo ochezera alendo komanso nyumba.
Zakudya za parrot kea
Maluso a Kea osunthika amawonekera pazakudya zake. Ma Parrot amafunanso kudya chakudya cha zomera ndi nyama. M'munsi mwa chakudya cha kea muli zinthu izi:
- udzu ndi zipatso;
- mbewu ndi mtedza;
- ziphuphu;
- tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo;
- zosawerengeka.
Ma Parrot amatulutsa nyama zing'onozing'ono pansi pamiyala kapena amapeza pakati pazomera zapansi. Zipatso ndi timadzi tokoma timapezeka ku mbalame m'nyengo yotentha yokha, ndipo pakayamba nyengo yozizira komanso chisanu choyamba, kea amakakamizidwa kusinthira pamenyu yanyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zotsatira zake, nthumwi zonse zamtunduwu zimatha kudya ziweto ndi nyama, motengeka ndi njala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'nyengo yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa masika (kusowa kwa zakudya zina). Mwa njira, inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe panali kufa kwakukulu kwa nkhosa, komwe kea iwo analibe chochita.
Momwe kea adasandukiranso adani
Ma Parrot aku South Island adawonongedwa ndi nzika zaku Europe... Asanawonekere, kea, monga ma parrot achitsanzo, odyetsedwa mtedza, masamba, zipatso ndi tizilombo.
Azungu adakulitsa ma gastronomic osiyanasiyana a kea ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, kapena nyama, kusiya nyama zakufa ndi mbuzi zakugwa m'nkhalango. Kea adaphunzitsanso osati monga odyetsa okha, koma monga owononga, pamene adayamba kudya nyama zowola.
Chiwerengero cha mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe sizinangowonjezeka kuwonjezeka, komanso chinakankhira malire a malo okhala, kutsika kuchokera kumapiri kupita kutsika kwa mapiri ndikukakhazikika kumakona akumpoto kwa chilumbacho. Mbalamezi zinkatolera zinyalala kuchokera kumalo ophera nyama, kutola mafuta omwe anatsala pa zikopa za ana ankhosa, ndipo kenako analawa nyama ya nkhosa. Poyamba, mbalamezo zidakhutira ndi nyama zakufa, koma kenako zidalawa ndikuyamba kutulutsa mafuta akhungu kuchokera ku nkhosa zodwala / zakale, osakhoza kulimbana ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zankhanza.
Ndizosangalatsa! Patapita kanthawi, kea woopsa kwambiri komanso wamphamvu, yemwe abusa amamutcha wakupha nkhosa, adayamba kuwononga ziweto zazing'ono komanso zathanzi. Zowona, pagulu la omenyera nkhosa sakhala ambiri - nthawi zambiri ma parrot owuma.
Gulu la achifwamba nthenga limachitanso ntchito yosayamika - amalimbana ndi nkhosa, kulola anzawo kuti azidya okha zamkati mwa nyama. Kusaka nkhosa kunawononga mbiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zikuwonekeratu kuti sizinalimbitse ubale pakati pa alimi a kea ndi New Zealand: omalizawa anayamba kudana ndi omwe kale anali owopsa.
Kusaka nkhosa
Mbalame yosaka imatsikira pansi pansi pafupi ndi yomwe ingawombere, kenako imawulukira msana wake. Parrot samachita bwino nthawi zonse kugwira khungu la nkhosayo, chifukwa nkhosa yosakhutira imafuna kuyigwedeza. Kea akubwereza zoyesayesa zake mpaka zikhadabo zake zolimba zimakhomerera pakhungu mwamphamvu kotero kuti nkhosazo sizingamuponyere pansi.
Mbalameyo pamapeto pake imadumphira kwa nkhosayo, ndipo imathamangira kumtunda ndi wokwera wamphapayo kumbuyo kwake, wamisala kwathunthu ndi mantha komanso kupweteka. Nkhosayo imafuna kutaya wowombayo pothamanga, koma samachita bwino kawirikawiri: mbalamezi zinamamatira pakhungu, zikugwira ntchito mofananamo ndi zikhadabo zake zakuthwa ndi mlomo. Kea amakulitsa ndikukulitsa chilonda ndikung'amba khungu ndikung'amba nyama / mafuta.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutha kwa mkanganowu kumakhala kowopsa - ngakhale atachotsa parrot, nkhosayo imadwala ndikufa chifukwa chabala lalikulu lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka (pafupifupi 10 cm m'mimba mwake).
Izi zimachitika kuti nyama yoyendetsedwa ndi chinkhwe idagwa thanthwe ndikuphwanya. Zotsatira zake ndizothandizanso ndi kea - gulu la amuna amtundu anzawo limakhamukira kunyama yatsopano, ndikuwona kusaka kuchokera mbali. Oyang'anira mbalame amagogomezera kuti njira yodyetsera ziwetozi zimathandiza mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe kudyetsa anapiye awo, komanso zimapulumuka m'nyengo yachisanu yozizira kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo yokwanira ya kea imakhala ndi nthawi yosamveka bwino.... Akatswiri ena achilengedwe amatsimikizira kuti maparoti amatenga nawo mbali mu June, ena amatanthauza zikopa zomwe zidapezeka mu Novembala ngakhale mu Januware - February.
Kea amamanga zisa zawo m'miyala ndi malo opanda kanthu, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe zolowera mkatikati, komanso zimbudzi zadothi zomwe zimakhala mozama mamita 7. Mu clutch, mwalamulo, pali mazira 4 oyera oval, ofanana ndi kukula kwa mazira a njiwa.
Chifukwa cha malo achitetezo achilengedwe, mazira ndi anapiye samavutika ndi mphepo yamkuntho, kugwa kwa chipale chofewa ndi mvula, chifukwa chake, "kufa kwa makanda" chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta mumtunduwu ndikotsika kwambiri. Makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi milungu itatu. Chifukwa chakuti kea alibe mawu okhwima oswana, anapiye amaswa onse m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe imayamba mu Juni ku New Zealand, komanso masika (mu Seputembala).
Ndizosangalatsa! Anapiye ongobadwa kumene, atadyetsedwa bwino ndi abambo awo, msanga amakula ndi imvi yayitali. Mwa njira, wamwamuna amadyetsa osati ana okha, komanso wamkazi. Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, mayiyo amasiya ana okulirako, ndikumusiya m'manja mwa bambo ake.
Anapiye a Kea amatuluka pamapiko patadutsa masiku 70, koma amasiya chisa chawo patapita nthawi, akafika miyezi 3,5.5. Maluso oberekera mu mitundu ya Nestor notabilis amapezeka pambuyo pa zaka zitatu kapena kupitilira apo.
Adani achilengedwe
Gulu lankhondo la adani achilengedwe a kea limapangidwa ndi mitundu yodziwika, makamaka amphaka achilengedwe, ma ermine ndi ma possum. Zisa za mbalame zilinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu, 60% yomwe imawonongedwa ndi nyama zoyipa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kea adadziwitsidwa ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe kuyambira 1970. Kuyambira mu 2017, mitunduyi imawerengedwa kuti ili pachiwopsezo ndipo pamtunduwu imaphatikizidwa mu IUCN Red List, komanso mu Annex II wa Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna / Flora.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu kunayambitsidwa ndi alenje ndi alimi aku New Zealand, omwe amaneneza mbalame zam'mapiri kuti ziwononga nkhanza za nkhosa zoweta. Koma ngati mudzilimbitsa ndi ziwerengero, zimapezeka kuti milandu yakufa kwa ziweto kuchokera kumapazi / milomo ya kea ndi yosowa kwenikweni, ndipo silingafanane ndi kufa kwakukulu kwa nkhosa chifukwa cha matenda ndi kuzizira.
Ma parrot samakonda kuukira nyama zathanzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhutira ndi mitembo ya akufa, ndipo abusa omwe adapeza zakufa akuti adafa chifukwa cha laka wokhetsa magazi. M'zaka zapitazi, anthu aku New Zealand adapha mbalame pafupifupi 29,000 zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu. Akuluakulu aku New Zealand satopa kutsimikizira anthu kuti kuwonongeka kwa kea paulimi wa ziweto ndi kocheperako, ndipo adakhazikitsa (kuyambira 1986) ndalama zapadera zopulumutsa ma parrot omwe atsala.
Kuopseza kwa anthropogenic komanso kwachilengedwe kumatchulidwa ngati zifukwa zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa anthu kufulumire:
- imfa pansi pamiyala yamagalimoto, kuphatikiza oyendetsa matalala;
- chisanadze nyama anayambitsa;
- kumwalira pamagetsi;
- kuyamwa kwa zigawo zotsogolera;
- imfa pansi pa zitini za zinyalala;
- Kusintha kwanyengo.
Oyang'anira mbalame sagwirizana poyesa kuchuluka kwa nthumwi za mitundu ya kea, kuphatikiza chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe pafupi ndi pomwe anthu amakhala. Mu IUCN Red List (2018), anthu aku Kea akuyerekeza kuti ndi anthu 6,000, koma m'malo ena anthu 15,000.
