Akambuku oyera ndi akambuku ambiri a ku Bengal omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nako motero sakuwoneka ngati subspecies apadera. Kusintha kwachilendo kwa jini kumapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yoyera kwathunthu, ndipo anthu amadziwika ndi maso abuluu kapena obiriwira komanso mikwingwirima yakuda bii kumbuyo kwa ubweya woyera.
Kufotokozera kwa kambuku woyera
Pakadali pano anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yoyera ndiosowa kwambiri pakati pa oimira nyama zakutchire.... Pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe akambuku oyera ndi munthu m'modzi yekha kwa oimira zikwi khumi za mitunduyo, omwe amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wabwinobwino. Akambuku oyera adanenedwapo kwa zaka makumi angapo kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, kuchokera ku Assam ndi Bengal, komanso ku Bihar komanso madera omwe anali atsogoleri akale a Rewa.
Maonekedwe
Nyama yolusayo ili ndi ubweya woyera wokwanira bwino wokhala ndi mikwingwirima. Mtundu woterewu komanso wosazolowereka umalandiridwa ndi chinyama chifukwa cha kubadwa kwamtundu wamtundu. Maso a kambuku woyera amakhala amtundu wabuluu, koma pali anthu omwe mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi maso obiriwira. Nyama yamtchire yosinthasintha, yokongola, yosungunuka bwino yokhala ndi malamulo owoneka bwino, koma kukula kwake, monga lamulo, ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kambuku wa Bengal wokhala ndi mtundu wofiyira wachikhalidwe.
Mutu wa kambuku woyera amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, amasiyana mbali yakutsogolo komanso kupezeka kwa malo ozungulira. Chigaza cha nyama yolusa chimakhala chachikulu komanso chachikulu, chokhala ndi masaya otambalala kwambiri. Tiger vibrissae mpaka 15.0-16.5 cm wamtali wokhala ndi makulidwe mpaka millimita imodzi ndi theka. Zimakhala zoyera ndipo zimayikidwa m'mizere inayi kapena isanu. Wamkulu amakhala ndi mano khumi ndi atatu olimba, pomwe ma canine amawoneka opangidwa makamaka, omwe amafika kutalika kwa 75-80 mm.
Oimira mitunduyo, omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, alibe makutu akulu kwambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo kupezeka kwamilomo yapadera palilime kumalola kuti nyamayo isiyanitse nyama ya nyama yake ndi mafupa, komanso imathandizira kutsuka. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyama yolusa pali zala zinayi, ndipo kumiyendo yakutsogolo kuli zala zisanu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zobwezeretsanso. Kulemera kwake kwa kambuku wamkulu woyera ndi pafupifupi ma 450-500 kilogalamu okhala ndi thupi lathunthu la munthu wamkulu mkati mwa mita zitatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akambuku oyera mwachilengedwe alibe thanzi labwino - anthu oterewa nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a impso ndi mawonekedwe amtopola, strabismus ndi kusawona bwino, khosi lopindika komanso msana, komanso matupi awo sagwirizana.
Mwa akambuku oyera oyera omwe alipo pakadali pano, palinso maalubino ofala kwambiri, omwe ali ndi ubweya wozembera popanda kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima yakuda. M'thupi la anthu otere, mtundu wa pigment sungapezeke, chifukwa chake maso a nyama yolusa amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiyira, wofotokozedwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi yowoneka bwino.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
M'chilengedwe, akambuku amakhala okhaokha nyama zodya nyama zomwe zimasirira kwambiri gawo lawo ndipo zimazilemba mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito izi nthawi zambiri mitundu yonse yazowonekera.
Akazi nthawi zambiri amapatuka pa lamuloli, chifukwa chake amatha kugawana dera lawo ndi abale ena. Akambuku oyera ndi osambira abwino kwambiri ndipo, ngati kungafunike, amatha kukwera mitengo, koma utoto wodziwika bwino umapangitsa anthu oterewa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha alenje, chifukwa chake oimira omwe ali ndi ubweya wodabwitsa amakhala okhala m'malo osungira nyama.
Kukula kwa gawo lokhala ndi kambuku woyera kumatengera zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a malo, kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi anthu ena, komanso kupezeka kwazimayi ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama. Pafupifupi, tigress imodzi yayikulu imakhala m'dera lofanana ndi masikweya mita makumi awiri, ndipo dera lamphongo limakulirapo pafupifupi katatu kapena kasanu. Nthawi zambiri, masana, munthu wamkulu amayenda makilomita 7 mpaka 40, nthawi ndi nthawi amasinthira zilembo m'malire a gawo lake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti akambuku oyera ndi nyama zomwe siziri maalubino, ndipo mtundu wapadera wa malayawo umangotengera ma jini obwereza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti akambuku aku Bengal siwoyimira okha nyama zakutchire pomwe pali kusintha kwachilendo kwa majini. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino pomwe akambuku oyera a Amur oyera okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda adabadwa, koma zoterezi sizinachitike kwenikweni m'zaka zaposachedwa.... Chifukwa chake, nyama zamakono zomwe zimadya nyama, zomwe zimadziwika ndi ubweya woyera, zimaimiridwa ndi Bengal komanso anthu wamba a Bengal-Amur.
Kodi akambuku oyera amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
M'chilengedwe, azungu samapulumuka ndipo amakhala ndi moyo waufupi kwambiri, chifukwa, chifukwa cha utoto wonyezimira wa ubweya, ndizovuta kuti nyama zolusa ngati izi zizisaka komanso ndizovuta kudzidyetsa zokha. Pa moyo wake wonse, mkaziyo amanyamula ndi kubereka ana khumi mpaka makumi awiri okha, koma pafupifupi theka la iwo amamwalira ali aang'ono. Nthawi yayitali ya kambuku woyera ndi kotala zaka zana limodzi.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Nyalugwe wamkazi wamkazi wa Bengal amafika pokhwima pogonana zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo champhongo chimakula msinkhu wazaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Nthawi yomweyo, kufotokozera zamtundu waubweya wa nyama yolombayo sikuwonetsedwa. Makonzedwe okha a mikwingwirima paubweya wa munthu aliyense ndiosiyana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuzindikiritsa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Akambuku oyera a Bengal ndi nthumwi za nyama ku North and Central India, Burma, Bangladesh ndi Nepal. Kwa nthawi yayitali, panali malingaliro olakwika akuti akambuku oyera ndi nyama zowononga kuchokera ku Siberia, ndipo mtundu wawo wachilendo umangobisala nyama munyengo yachisanu.
Zakudya za akambuku oyera
Pamodzi ndi nyama zina zambiri zomwe zimadya nyama yachilengedwe, akambuku oyera onse amakonda kudya nyama. M'chilimwe, akambuku akuluakulu amatha kudya mtedza ndi zitsamba zodyera. Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti akambuku amphongo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anyani azimuna mwa kukonda kwawo. Nthawi zambiri samalandira nsomba, pomwe akazi, m'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri amadya nthumwi zam'madzi zotere.
Akambuku oyera amayandikira nyama yawo ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono kapena miyendo yopindika, kuyesera kusuntha mosazindikira. Nyamayi imatha kusaka masana komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Pakusaka, akambuku amatha kudumpha pafupifupi mita zisanu kutalika, komanso amatenga mtunda wopitilira mamita khumi.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, akambuku amakonda kusaka nyama zosaduladuka, kuphatikizapo nswala, nguluwe komanso sambar zaku India. Nthawi zina chilombocho chimadya chakudya chosagwirizana ngati hares, anyani ndi ma pheasants. Pofuna kudzipatsa chakudya chokwanira mkati mwa chaka, nyalugwe amadya nyama zamtchire pafupifupi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuti kambuku wamkulu amve kukhuta, amafunika kudya pafupifupi makilogalamu makumi atatu a nyama nthawi imodzi.
Mndende, nyama zolusa zimadyetsa kasanu ndi kamodzi pa sabata. Chakudya chachikulu cha chilombo chotere ndi mawonekedwe achilendo chimaphatikizapo nyama yatsopano ndi mitundu yonse ya nyama. Nthawi zina kambuku amapatsidwa "nyama" ngati akalulu kapena nkhuku. "Tsiku losala" lachikhalidwe limakonzedwa kuti nyamazo zizikhala sabata iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyalugwe akhale "wokwanira" mosavuta. Chifukwa chokhala ndi mafuta osanjikiza otukuka, akambuku amatha kufa ndi njala kwakanthawi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kuphatana kwa akambuku oyera nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa Disembala ndi Januware kuphatikiza.... Kuphatikiza apo, munyengo yoswana, yamwamuna m'modzi yekha ndiye amayenda kumbuyo kwa iliyonse. Pokhapokha ngati pakati pa amuna okhwima mwauzimu pali mdani pakati pomwe pamachitika zomwe amati kumenyera kapena kumenyera ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi winawake.
Kambuku woyera wamkazi amatha kuchita umuna mchaka kwamasiku ochepa, ndipo pakakhala kusakwatirana munthawi imeneyi, njira ya estrus iyenera kubwerezedwa pakapita kanthawi. Nthawi zambiri, tigress yoyera imabweretsa ana oyamba kubadwa ali ndi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, koma wamkazi amakhala wokonzeka kubadwa kwa ana kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Kubala ana kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 97-112, ndipo ana amabadwa mozungulira Marichi kapena Epulo.
Monga lamulo, mu ana amodzi a kambuku, ana awiri kapena anayi amabadwa, omwe kulemera kwake kulibe makilogalamu 1.3-1.5. Ana amabadwa akhungu kwathunthu, ndipo amawona atakwanitsa sabata limodzi. M'mwezi woyamba ndi theka, ana oyera akambuku oyera amadya mkaka wamkazi wokha. Nthawi yomweyo, amunawo saloledwa ndi tigress kwa makanda, popeza wolusa wamkulu amatha kupha ndikudya.
Kuyambira pafupifupi miyezi iwiri yazaka, ana amaphunzira kutsatira amayi awo ndikuyesera kutuluka m'phanga pafupipafupi. Ana a kambuku amakhala ndi ufulu wonse atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, koma ana nthawi zambiri amakhalabe ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, akazi achichepere amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo, ndipo amuna akulu nthawi zonse amapita kutali, akuyesera kuti apeze gawo lawo laulere.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani ena achilengedwe m'malo achilengedwe akambuku oyera, makamaka, kulibeko... Njovu zazikulu, zipembere kapena njati sizingathe kusaka akambuku, motero nyama yodya nyama imatha kukhala nyama yawo, koma chifukwa changozi yopanda pake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Akambuku oyamba oyera oyera adapezeka m'chilengedwe cha m'ma 1951, pomwe kambuku wamphongo woyera adachotsedwa pamalo pomwepo ndi mlenje m'modzi, yemwe pambuyo pake sanagwiritse ntchito bwino kuti apange ana okhala ndi mtundu wachilendo. Popita nthawi, akambuku oyera oyera onse akuchulukirachulukira, koma munthu womaliza wodziwika mwachilengedwe adawomberedwa mu 1958. Tsopano mu ukapolo muli akambuku oyera opitilira zana, omwe gawo lawo lalikulu lili ku India. Nyama yolusa imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book.
