Zokhumudwitsa ndizoimira mbalame kuchokera kwa odutsa. Ziphuphu zili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso moyo; ali ndi malo awoawo, momwe amasankhira chisa ndikulera ana. Pali mitundu yayikulu yamitundu ya thrush, iliyonse yomwe imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame zakuda
Mafinya ndiwo mbalame zomwe zimakonda kusamukasamuka... Amakonda kukhala m'malo ena m'nyengo yotentha, ndipo nthawi yachisanu zimawulukira m'malo abwino. Amapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Maonekedwe
Mafinya amakhala ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono, omwe kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 18 mpaka 28. Kutalika kwa mapiko awo owonda ndi masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Koma gulu lolemera la mbalame ndilosiyana kwambiri ndipo limadalira mitunduyo. Mbalame zina zimalemera thupi mpaka 40 g, pomwe zina zimapachika mpaka 100 g. Maso ake amakhala pambali pamutu, choncho akafuna chakudya amayenera kupendeketsa mitu yawo mbali imodzi. Ziphuphu zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame zina zamapiko ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja.
Ali ndi milomo yayifupi kwambiri yakuda kapena yachikaso yokhala ndi mphuno zotseguka komanso nthenga zanzeru, zomwe zimapezeka mu mbalame zambiri zadongosolo. Mitundu ina imakhala yotuwa ndi kamtengo kakang'ono, ndipo ina imabadwa ndi nthenga zakuda. Mapikowo anali okutidwa ndi nthenga zazifupi pamenepo. Mchira wamakonawo umapangidwa ndi nthenga za mchira 12. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, koma yamphamvu, yokhala ndi mbale zowoneka bwino kumapeto kwake.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chovuta, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopuma. Nthawi iliyonse yovuta, mbalamezi zimachita mantha. Mwachitsanzo, pomenyera nkhosazo, imayamba kufuula mwamantha ndi ma amplitudes ang'onoang'ono ndi kuima. Thrush ndi mbalame yosamuka yomwe imawuluka nthawi yayitali nyengo yachisanu. Nthawi zina anthu samazindikira kupezeka kwake kapena kupezeka kwake, chifukwa mbalameyo imachita chilichonse mosazindikira komanso mwakachetechete.
Kuyenda kwa mbalame pansi pofunafuna chakudya kumachitika kudumphadumpha kwakanthawi patadutsa zingapo. M'nyengo yotentha, amabwerera kumalo awo akale okhala mwamtendere kapena ali okha. Ndi chaka chobala zipatso, mbalame sizithamangira nthawi yozizira, kapena zimatha kukhala m'nyengo yozizira komwe zimakhala mchilimwe.
Zofunika! Asayansi akugwirizanitsa ndege imodzi ndikuti ena oimira paketiyo atha kusokera ndikutsalira mtsogoleriyo. Izi sizichita mantha ndi mbalamezi, ndipo zimapitilira ulendo wawo wopita kumalo omwe akufuna.
Ziphuphu zimakhala zisa, zomwe zimamangidwa mchaka makamaka pazitsa ndi mitengo. Nthawi zina, amakonda kukhazikika pansi, koma pokhapokha ngati kulibe nyama zolusa.
Ndi mbalame zakuda zingati zomwe zimakhala
Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mosiyanasiyana kutengera komwe akukhala komanso momwe amadyera.... Ali mu ukapolo ndi chisamaliro chabwino, amakhala ndi moyo wokwanira, pafupifupi zaka 17. Kumtchire, komanso m'malo abwino komwe amakhala, amakhalanso ndi moyo zaka 17. Ndipo m'malo ovuta, opanda chakudya chokwanira komanso kukhalapo kwa adani ambiri, mbalame sizingakhale zaka khumi.
Mitundu ya ma thrushes
Pafupifupi mitundu 60 ya mbalame zochokera kubanja la thrush amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. M'nkhalango zaku Russia mumapezeka mitundu 20 ya mbalame, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi mbalame zoyimba ndi mbalame zakuda, zoyenda m'munda, zopindika zoyera komanso zoyipa.
Mitundu yoyimba
Mutha kuzindikira munthu wokongola wa m'nkhalango ndi mawu ake okwera komanso owonda, zomwe zimakumbukira kuyimba kwa nightingale. Mbalameyi imatha kuzindikirika ndi nthenga zake:
- bulauni bulauni kumbuyo;
- pali timadontho tating'ono pamimba yoyera kapena yachikasu pang'ono.
Malo okondedwa kwambiri mchilimwe ndi Central Russia, Siberia ndi Caucasus. M'nyengo yozizira, amakonda kusamukira kunkhalango ku Asia, Eastern Europe ndi North Africa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuimba kwa mbalame zanyimbo kumamveka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Mbalamezi zimatha kutulutsa mawu awo zikayamba kusonkhana m'magulu kuti zithawire kumwera.
Zamgululi
Fieldfield siyimasiyana pamachitidwe amawu. Zolinga zake zili chete zokwanira komanso zosawonekera m'khutu la munthu. Ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri ku Russia, kupatula kumpoto kwake. Maluwa a zipatso amafanana mofanana ndi nyenyezi. Maonekedwe ake ndi omveka komanso osakumbukika.
Kumbuyo kwake kuli nthenga za motley, pamimba - zoyera, zokhala ndi utoto wachikaso pambali... Amakonda kukhala m'magulu akulu, ndipo amamanga zisa patali kwambiri. Fieldfare ndi mbalame yopusa. Atasonkhana m'gulu lankhosa, mbalamezi zitha kuwononga minda yonse yazokolola.
Mbalame yakuda
Mbalame zamtunduwu zili ndi mawonekedwe awiri odabwitsa: ali ndi luso loimba lodabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe owala, osakumbukika. Amuna okha ndi omwe amafanana ndi mayina awo, popeza ali ndi mtundu wakuda wamakala. Akazi amadziwika ndi nthenga za variegated. Mbalame zakuda zimakhala zowala zachikasu kuzungulira ndi mlomo wachikasu wamphamvu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalame zamtunduwu ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa ya mbalame zomwe zimakonda kukhala zokha. Samasonkhana pagulu ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala chisa patali kwambiri ndi anzawo.
Belobrovik
Belobrovik amakhala ku North America ndi Asia. Izi ndi mbalame zomwe sizigonjetsedwa nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chake zimatha kuyamba kubzala nthawi yokwanira (kuyambira Epulo amayamba kuthyola mazira). Mitunduyi imasiyana ndi abale ake pazosanja zakunja izi:
- kumbuyo kuli kobiriwira kofiirira;
- mbali zofiira;
- imvi yoyera, yomwe imakutidwa ndi mawanga angapo owala komanso amdima;
- pa nsonga za mapiko pali mapiko a nthenga zofiira;
- nsidze yoyera yodziwika imawonekera pamwambapa.
Liwu loyera-loyera limamveka kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe. Nyimbo zake ndizachidule, koma ndimapepala owoneka bwino akulira ndi ma trill.
Deryaba
Amakhala makamaka ku Central Europe ndipo ndi membala wamkulu kwambiri m'banja la thrush. Amakonda kukhazikika m'minda, m'minda, m'nkhalango za coniferous, m'mapaki ndi zitsamba. Chakudya chachikulu chimakhala ndi zipatso za mistletoe, phulusa lamapiri, sloe ndi yew. Nyongolotsi, zipatso zamkati ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'nthaka ndizokometsera.
Deryaba imatha kuzindikira pamimba yoyera yokhala ndi mawanga ang'ono m'mbali mwake ndi mapiko oyera m'munsi mwake. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, msana uli ndi khungu lotuwa, ndipo mchira wa mdierekezi ndi wolimba.
Wood thrush
Uyu ndiye woimira wocheperako wa timu ya ma thrush. Dzina lina la mtundu uwu ndi thrush-chinned thrush. Amakhazikika m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, nthawi zina zokhala ndi nkhalango zokhala pamapiri. Nthenga za mbalameyi zimakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino. Mwa amuna, mtundu wa nthenga ndi wowala kwambiri kuposa akazi. Pamutu ndi pamapewa amphongo nthawi zonse pamakhala utoto wabuluu wa nthenga, mabala oyera amawoneka pamapiko.
Pakhosi pa nkhalangoyi pali malo oyera oyera, chifukwa chake mbalameyi idatchedwa yoyera. Chifuwa ndi khosi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, ndipo kumunsi kwa mimba ndikofiira. Kuyimba kwa kukongola kwa nkhalango kumayeneranso kusamalidwa. Nyimbo zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachisoni, koma palinso zolemba zapadera zokhala ndi malikhweru azokongola.
Shama dzina loyamba
Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira India ndi Southeast Asia... Amuna amadziwika ndi nthenga zakuda, mimba ya mabokosi ndi mchira wakunja woyera. Akazi ndi otuwa. Mlomo wamtunduwu ndi wakuda kwathunthu, ndipo miyendo ndi pinki wowala.
Mosiyana ndi Shama mnzake, iye sakonda kudya zipatso ndi zipatso, koma amakonda zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi kafadala, mphutsi, mphemvu, ziwala, agulugufe ndi agulugufe.
Mbalameyi ndi yabwino kusungidwa m'miyambo kapena m'makola, chifukwa imazolowera msanga momwe ikukhalira komanso kukhalapo kwa anthu. Amakonda kukhala nawo kuti azimvera nyimbo zodabwitsa komanso zopatsa chidwi, zomwe ndizosiyanasiyana pamachitidwe ake.
Monochromatic thrush
Yamphongo imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake abuluu-imvi kumbuyo, m'mimba mwaubweya wonyezimira komanso m'manja. Akazi amalamulidwa ndi mimba yofiirira ya azitona yokhala ndi mbali zofiira. Pakhosi pake pamadzaza ndi mawanga osiyanasiyana. Oyimirawa amakonda kukhala mdera la South Asia kuyambira Pakistan mpaka Nepal. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimasamukira ku Central Europe.
Kuyenda Koyendayenda
Amakonda kukhazikika m'minda ndi m'mapaki aku North America. Posachedwa, nthumwi izi zidayamba kukhazikika m'maiko ena aku Europe. Msana, mutu, mchira ndi mapiko akuda kapena imvi-mdima wakuda, pomwe chifuwa ndi mimba zimawonetsedwa m'mawu ofiira-lalanje. Khosi ndi maso ali ndi mawanga oyera. Zakudya zokoma ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agulugufe, kafadala ndi nyerere. M'nyengo yakucha mabulosi, amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito yamatcheri, yamatcheri otsekemera, sumac, mabulosi akuda ndi rasipiberi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Banja la mbalame zazing'ono mpaka zapakatikati zimakonda kupezeka kumadera akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, kutengera mtundu wa mitundu. Chakudyacho chimagwira gawo lofunikira pakusankha malo okhala. Pomwe chuma chimakhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso mabulosi, mbalame zimakhazikika m'malo otere.
Zakudya zam'madzi
Kutengera ndi nyengo ya chaka, mbalame zimatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana.... M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi zipatso, zipatso ndi mbewu za mbewu. M'nyengo yotentha, amakonda kusakanikirana pafupi ndi malo omwe amafunafuna chakudya. M'zaka zowonda, atha kuwononga kwathunthu minda ya mabulosi amtundu wa anthu, monga honeysuckle, chitumbuwa, sitiroberi ndi zipatso zokoma.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chakudya chokoma kwambiri ndi chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni okhathamira, chifukwa chake mbalame zimadya kafadala, mbozi zapadziko lapansi, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso nkhono mosangalala kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pofika masika, zikwapu zimakonza mosamala zisa kuti ziswane, kuzimitsa ndi kuzilimbitsa ndi nthambi zowuma, udzu, masamba owuma, udzu ndi nthenga. Ngati pali moss kapena ndere pamalo omwe amapangira zisa, ndiye kuti mbalamezo zidzagwiritsa ntchito izi pokonza nyumba yabwino. Kulimbitsa gawo la nyumba yawo, amagwiritsa ntchito dothi kuchokera kunja ndi kutsika kuchokera mkati kuti malowo azitchinga.
Amakonda kupanga chisa pamtunda wosaposa 5-6 m kuchokera pansi. Chakumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, zazikazi zimaikira mazira 6, ndipo zimatha kutulutsa timagulu tiwiri pachaka. Mazirawo ndi owoneka bwino: mwina owoneka bwino mosiyanasiyana, kapena wabuluu kapena bulauni wobiriwira. Ngati mkaziyo akufuna kuyikanso, ndiye kuti izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Juni kapena koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Mkazi amakhala pa mazira pafupifupi masiku 14. Onse awiri ali ndi chidwi chodyetsa anapiye, amangouluka kuchokera pachisa kukafunafuna chakudya ndikupanga ndege pafupifupi 200 patsiku. Patsiku la 12-15, anapiye okulirapo amatha kutuluka mchisa cha makolo, koma si onse omwe amatha kupeza chakudya chawo, choncho ana ambiri amangofa ndi njala.
Adani achilengedwe
Khwangwala wodzitama amakhala mdani wa mbalame zakuda, zomwe zimawononga zisa za mbalame ndikuba mazira awo. Mbalame zotchedwa Woodpeckers, agologolo, jays, kadzidzi ndi akabare amathanso kuwerengedwa ngati adani. Inde, anthu siopseza pang'ono mbalame.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitunduyi ndi yoyandikana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya mbalame zopanda chitetezo monga mbalame ndi opha ntchentche. Mitunduyi imakhazikika dala pafupi ndi zisa za zokopa, chifukwa zomalizazi zimathandiza kuthamangitsa anthu osafunira malo oyandikana nawo komwe amakhala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ophulika m'dera lodzala ndi mphamvu zomwe amawononga zimasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri. Kugawana zothandizirana kumatheka chifukwa chakusintha kwa mtundu umodzi kuti mugwiritse ntchito zomwe zilipo kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kufunitsitsa kwa ena kupirira kusowa kwakanthawi kwakudya.
Mwambiri, ma thrush sangatchulidwe ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa zimaberekana mwachangu, ndipo kufa koyambirira kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
