Hares ndi nyama zazing'ono za mtundu wa Hare. Kunena zowona, kalulu samachita mantha komanso alibe chitetezo monga anthu ambiri amakhulupirira. Imeneyi ndi nyama yolimba komanso yosachedwa kukula chifukwa cha kukula kwake, yokhoza kudziyimira pakawopsezedwa.
Kufotokozera kwa kalulu
Nguluwe ndi za banja la akalulu, lomwe nawonso, ndi gawo la kalulu... Kuphatikiza pa hares ndi akalulu, ma pikas nawonso ndi awa. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za hares ndi makutu atali, mchira wawufupi ndi miyendo yayitali yayitali, chifukwa chomwe nyama izi zimatha kudumpha kwambiri.
Maonekedwe
Hares samasiyana pamakulidwe awo akulu ndi malamulo amphamvu: zina mwazinyama izi zimatha kutalika 65-70 cm ndi 7 kg kulemera. Ndipo thupi lawo lophwanyika, lophwanyidwa kuchokera mbali, monga lamulo, limawoneka lochepa komanso lochepa. Chodziwikiratu kwambiri cha ma hares onse ndi makutu awo atali achikhalidwe chotalikirapo.
Kutengera mtundu wake, makutu a kalulu amasiyana kutalika, koma samakhala ochepera 1/2 kutalika kwa mutu wawo. Zambiri mwa nyamazi zili ndi makutu omwe amaloza kumapeto, koma pali mitundu yazing'ono zazing'ono, zomwe makutu awo amakhala ozungulira pamwamba. Mutu wa kalulu umawoneka wawung'ono poyerekeza ndi thupi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi chowulungika chopindika kumapeto kwake. Mlomo, wogawika magawo awiri ndi poyambira kwambiri, uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mano a lagomorph ali ofanana ndi mano a makoswe. Kusiyanitsa pakati pamalamulo awiriwa pakapangidwe ka mano ndikuti hares, akalulu ndi ma pikas alibe zibowo chimodzi pachibwano chapamwamba, koma ziwiri, ndipo kumbuyo kwake sikukula kwenikweni kuposa kutsogolo.
Kufanana kwina pakati pa nyama zamalamulo awiriwa ndikuti, monga makoswe, mano a hares amakula nthawi zonse ndipo amafunika kukukuta pafupipafupi, ndichifukwa chake nyama izi zimayesera kudya chakudya chotafuna.
M'magulu akuluakulu, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali 25-35% kuposa yakutsogolo, pomwe m'mitundu yaying'ono kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumakhala kofanana mofanana. Nyamazi zili ndi zala zisanu kumapazi akumbuyo, ndi 4-5 kumapazi akumbuyo. Mapazi ake ndi ataliatali, ndi chovala chokhacho chokhala ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso zikhadabo zowongoka, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti hares aziteteze ku zolusa ndikukumba chisanu ndi nthaka pamwamba pake nthawi yachisanu, pomwe amayenera kudya mizu yosiyanasiyana.
Mchira wa pafupifupi hares zonse ndi waufupi kwambiri komanso wonyezimira, wopangidwa ngati pompu, koma nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, imawoneka pang'ono pamakona ena. Ubweya wamitundu yambiri ya lagomorphs ndi wandiweyani komanso wofewa, ndipo umaphimba pafupifupi thupi lonse lanyama: ubweya wopapatiza umakula ngakhale mkatikati mwa mlomo. Mtundu wa hares umasiyana: imvi, bulauni, mchenga kapena bulauni. M'mitundu yambiri, utoto waubweya umasinthira kukhala woyera nthawi yachisanu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyama zizibisala kuzilombo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Hares ndi nyama zakutchire, sangathe kusambira bwino kapena kukwera mitengo kapena miyala. Mitundu ina yama lagomorphs imapanga madera, pomwe ena amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Pofika nyengo yozizira, nyamazi sizigwera makanema ojambula: zimakhalabe zolimba chaka chonse.
Masana, hares, monga lamulo, amakonda kugona m'malo okhalamo udzu wandiweyani m'nthaka kapena m'nkhalango zowirira, ndipo madzulo komanso usiku amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, pomwe kulibe udzu, nthawi zambiri amabisala mu dzenje lakuya lomwe adakumba pansi pa chipale chofewa chomwe sichinapezebe nthawi yolongedza. Nyama izi zimayenda modumpha kwakukulu, pomwe kuthamanga kwake kumatha kufikira 70 km / h.
Maso awo ndi ofooka, komabe, kusowa kumeneku kumalipidwa mokwanira ndikumva bwino ndi kununkhiza... Hares ndi nyama zosamala, koma pakagwa ngozi yomwe ikubwera, nthawi zambiri amasankha kudikirira kuti awone njira: amabisala muudzu kapena matalala, ndikudikirira zomwe mdaniyo angatsatire. Ndipo mlendo akafika pafupi kwambiri, nyamayo imalumpha kuchokera pamalo ake opumira ndikuthawa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kalulu akathawa womusaka, amasokoneza mayendedwe ake: amawomba, amalumpha mwamphamvu kumbali, ndipo amatha kuthamanga mtunda panjira yake.
Makamaka chifukwa chinyama ichi chimakhala ndi chizolowezi chodumpha kuchokera kwa munthu wosakayikira ndikungodutsa pansi pa mapazi ake ndikuthamangira kwa iye mwachangu, anthu amawona ma hares ngati nyama zamantha. Ngakhale, khalidweli silingatchedwe loopsa, m'malo mwake, ndikuchenjeza komanso kusakonzeka kutengapo gawo ndi mdani amene angakhalepo.
Chowona kuti kalulu ali kutali ndi cholengedwa chamantha chikuwonekeratu kuti mdani akamamupeza ndikuyesera kuti agwire, nyama yowoneka ngati yopanda vuto imeneyi imatha kudziteteza. Kuti achite izi, amagona chagada ndikumenya wothamangayo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yolimba komanso yamphamvu, yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zakuthwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kulimba ndi kulondola kwa kumenyedwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakuti mlendo wokhumudwitsa yemwe safuna kusiya kalulu yekha nthawi zambiri amapeza zilonda zakupha. Palibe pachabe kuti palibe mlenje wamba waluso yemwe angakweze kalulu wamoyo ndi makutu: chifukwa chake, mwanjira imeneyi, nyama imatha kuzemba ndikumenya ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo.
Kodi kalulu amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yayitali ya hares m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi zaka 6-8. Komabe, nyama zambiri zimamwalira kalekale, zimathera masiku awo m'mano kapena zikhadabo za adani ambiri, komanso kuwomberedwa ndi alenje. Makamaka akalulu ang'onoang'ono amafa, omwe ndi nyama yosavuta ngakhale nyama zodya nyama zazing'ono kwambiri. Mu ukapolo, hares nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 10 kapena 12.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Hares samasiyana ndi amuna amtundu wa ubweya, ndipo malamulo awo ndi ofanana. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa hares ya amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana ndikukula: akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako, kupatula apo, mahatchi amakhala ndi mutu wokulungika, pomwe mwa amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala otalikirana komanso osalala kuchokera mbali.
Mitundu ya hares
Pali mitundu yoposa makumi atatu ya hares padziko lapansi, yosiyana wina ndi mnzake kukula kwake.
Makhalidwe, kapangidwe ndi moyo:
- Mphalapala.
- American Hare.
- Kalulu wa Arctic.
- Kalulu wa ku Alaska
- Kalulu wakuda wakuda.
- Kalulu woyera.
- Kalulu wa ku Cape.
- Kalulu wachikasu.
- Kalulu wakuda bulauni.
- Kalulu.
- Kalulu wamchenga.
- Tolai kalulu.
- Tsache kalulu.
- Yunnan kalulu.
- Kalulu waku Korea.
- Kalulu wa ku Corsican.
- Kalulu waku Europe.
- Kalulu wa ku Iberia.
- Kalulu wa Manchurian.
- Kalulu wopotana.
- Stare Hare.
- Kalulu woyera.
- Kalulu waku Ethiopia.
- Hainan kalulu.
- Kalulu wamakhosi akuda.
- Kalulu wachi Burma.
- Kalulu wachi China.
- Yarkand kalulu.
- Kalulu waku Japan.
- Kalulu wa ku Abyssinia.
Ndizosangalatsa! Banja ili mulinso Don hare, yemwe kumapeto kwa Pleistocene amakhala ku Eastern Europe ndi North Asia, koma adafa kalekale. Imeneyi inali nyama yayikulu yokwanira lagomorphs yokhala ndi minofu yotafuna bwino, yomwe, malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro a majini, inali wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa kalulu wamakono wamakono.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nyama izi zimakhala paliponse kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica. Ngakhale ku Arctic ndi Alaska, mutha kuwona nguluwe za ku Arctic ndi ma Alaska okhala kumeneko. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yotsatirayi imapezeka mdera la Russia: hares, hares, Manchu hares ndi tolai hares. Kutengera mtundu wa hares womwe umakhalapo, amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo: kuchokera kumtunda wowundana mpaka nkhalango zotentha kapena, mosiyana, madera ouma ndi zipululu. Nyama izi zimakhazikika m'chigwa komanso m'mapiri, pamtunda wosapitirira 4900 m.
Zina mwa nyamazi, monga kalulu woyera, amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, pomwe nguluwe zina zimakhala m'malo otseguka, monga madambo kapena zipululu. Mitundu ina, makamaka yomwe imakhazikika m'malo otentha kapena kumtunda, imakhala ndi mabowo opanda kanthu omwe amakumbidwa ndi nyama zina, pomwe zoweta zokha, mosiyana ndi achibale awo apafupi - akalulu, samakumba mabowo. Mitundu yambiri ya hares ndi nyama zongokhala, koma m'nyengo yozizira, posowa chakudya, imatha kusamuka mtunda wawufupi kukafunafuna chakudya.
Zakudya za hares
Maziko a zakudya za kalulu ndi zakudya zazing'ono zopatsa mphamvu, monga khungwa ndi nthambi za mitengo, masamba, komanso masamba obiriwira.... Hares omwe amakhala mdera labwino, clover, dandelions, sedge, yarrow ndi nyemba amakonda kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamazi sizidandaula kudya mphukira za mabulosi abulu ndi zipatso, bowa, komanso zipatso za maapulo amtchire ndi mapeyala amtchire.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zambiri, hares amapha nyama zolimapo ndi minda, pomwe amakanda makungwa a mitengo yazipatso ndikudya masamba monga kabichi, parsley, mpiru, kaloti ndi mbewu zina zam'munda.
M'dzinja, monga lamulo, amasintha kudya makungwa amitengo ndi timitengo tating'ono tokometsera, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, panthawi ya njala, amakumba mizu yambiri ndi udzu wouma pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kutengera komwe amakhala, hares amatulutsa ana kamodzi kapena kanayi pachaka. Mitundu yomwe imakhala Kumpoto imatha kubala ana amodzi nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe mitundu yakumwera imatha kubereka pafupipafupi. Chizoloŵezi chawo choyamba chimayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala ndewu pakati pa amuna omwe akupikisana ndi kalulu yemweyo: Otsutsanawo amalumphirana, kuyesera kukankhira mdani kumbuyo, kumumenya ndi zikoko zawo zammbuyo, ndipo nthawi zina, kuyimirira mpaka kutalika kwawo konse, bokosi lomwe lili ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Wopambana, yemwe wakwanitsa chidwi chachikazi, amayamba kumulumpha, ngati kuti akumupempha kuti apikisane naye pampikisano.
Nthawi imodzimodziyo, akaluluwo nthawi zina amatengeka ndi kukondana wina ndi mnzake kotero kuti sazindikira chilichonse, ngakhale nyama zomwe zimadya. Mimba ya akalulu imatenga masiku 26 mpaka 55, pambuyo pake timabereka ana angapo, omwe kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana ndi mitundu ndi malo okhala. Nthawi zambiri, mkazi amabereka mwana m'modzi kapena 11.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa mitundu ya ma hares omwe amakhala m'mabowo kapena m'malo ena achilengedwe, ana amabadwa opanda ubweya kapena okutidwa ndi ubweya, koma nthawi yomweyo akhungu, pomwe ali m'zinyalala zokhala padziko lapansi, akazi amabala ana obiriwira komanso owona.
Pakubadwa, omaliza amakhala opambana pakukula ndi chitukuko kwa "abale" awo obadwa kumene obadwira m'manda: m'maola oyamba amoyo wawo, amatha kuyenda palokha ndikubisala muudzu. Kutengera ndi nthawi yomwe anawo amabadwa, amatchedwa mosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, akalulu ochokera ku zinyalala zoyambirira amatchedwa nastoviks, obadwa mchilimwe - akatswiri azitsamba kapena letnik, ndi iwo omwe adabadwa pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira - osakhazikika. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti kalulu anali mayi woyipa ndipo samasamala ana ake konse: amawadyetsa mkaka akangobereka ndikuthawa.
Zowona, nthawi yomweyo, akalulu samafa ndi njala konse: amadyetsedwa ndi akalulu ena omwe ali pafupi. Koma pakadali pano, si akatswiri onse aza zinyama omwe ali ndi malingaliro awa: asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mayi wa kalulu samasiya ana ake, koma amakhala pafupi nthawi zonse. Zowona, pakawopsezedwa, iye sawateteza, koma amasankha kuthawa. Poyamba, yaikazi imadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka, ndipo pambuyo pake amasinthiratu kubzala chakudya. Nyamazi, kutengera mtundu wake, zimakhwima pofika zaka khumi mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani akuluakulu a hares ndi nkhandwe ndi mimbulu. Koma zilombo zina sizidana ndi kalulu woyeserera. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto ndi kotentha, amasakidwanso ndi nkhandwe ku Arctic, ermines, lynxes, amphaka amtchire, komanso mbalame zodya nyama: ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa, akadzidzi a ziwombankhanga. M'madera akumwera kwambiri, nkhandwe ndi afisi ndi adani achilengedwe a hares. Ku New World, hares amasakidwa ndi mphalapala ndi nyama zina zomwe zimakhala m'malo omwewo. Kwa nyama zomwe zikukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba, agalu, onse osochera ndi ziweto zawo, akhoza kukhala owopsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Zambiri mwa hares ndi mitundu yotukuka, koma palinso ena omwe udindo wawo umadetsa nkhawa akatswiri azanyama. Izi ndi izi:
- Yandikirani pamalo osatetezeka: Kalulu woyera, wakuda-bulauni, Yarkand.
- Mitundu yowopsa: tsache kalulu, Corsican, Hainan.
- Mitundu yowopsa: kalulu wachikasu.
- Zambiri zosakwanira: Kalulu waku Ethiopia.
Kuopsa kwa mitunduyi kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda kapena kuti lagomorphs ndizochuluka, amakhala kudera laling'ono kwambiri, lochepa ndipo sapezeka kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Ponena za kalulu waku Ethiopia, akatswiri azanyama amadziwa zochepa kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso momwe moyo umakhalira, chifukwa nyamayi ndiyachinsinsi kwambiri komanso, makamaka, imakhala kumapiri akutali.
Mtengo wamalonda
Ngakhale kuti hares si akulu kukula, nyama izi ndizofunikira zamalonda. Anthu amawasaka kuti adye nyama, yomwe imawonedwa ngati masewera okoma, komanso ubweya wofunda komanso wonenepa wa kalulu, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zovala m'nyengo yachisanu.
Hares ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, ndipo ngakhale anthu amawasaka nthawi zonse. Koma nyamazi zimatha kusungabe kuchuluka kwawo chifukwa cha kubala kwambiri komanso kuti mitundu yawo yambiri imaberekana kamodzi, koma katatu pachaka.... Nyama izi zimazolowera kutengera zovuta zilizonse, ndizodzichepetsa ndikudya ndipo sizimafunikira zinthu zazikulu kuti zikhale ndi moyo wabwino. Izi ndizomwe zapangitsa kuti hares akhazikike pakadali pano padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica.
