Gourami (Gourami kapena Trishogaster) ndi nsomba zamadzi am'madzi za osfroneme kapena banja la gurami. Nsomba za Gourami labyrinth zimadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya popuma, womwe umadutsa pagulu lapadera la labyrinth.
Kufotokozera kwa gourami
Nsomba za gourami zimadziwikanso kuti trichogastra ndi zonyamula ulusi.... Ali mgulu lalikulu la banja luciocephalin komanso dongosolo la maumboni, chifukwa chake ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino.
Maonekedwe
Oyimira onse omwe ali m'gulu la nsomba zam'madzi ozizira otentha ochokera kubanja la macropod siochulukirapo thupi. Kutalika kwakulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 5-12 cm, ndipo kukula kwa membala wamkulu pabanjapo, serpine gourami, kumafika kotala la mita mwachilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha labyrinth kapena supragillary yapadera, nsomba zotere zimasinthidwa kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Limba la labyrinth lili mgulu lamiyala, lomwe limayimilidwa ndi mphako wokulirapo wokhala ndi mbale za mafupa a thinnest zokutidwa ndi maukonde ambiri am'mimba. Chiwalo ichi chimapezeka m'misodzi yonse yoposa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pali lingaliro kuti kupezeka kwa labu yokhotakhota ndikofunikira kuti nsomba zisunthire mosavuta kuchokera ku dziwe lina kupita kwina. Madzi okwanira amasonkhanitsidwa mkati mwa labyrinth, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsinjeyo izitsika kwambiri ndikuwathandiza kuti asamaume.
Kufalitsa ndi malo okhala
Mwachilengedwe, gourami amakhala ku Southeast Asia. Wotchuka ndi ma aquarists, pearl gourami amakhala ku Malay Archipelago, Sumatra ndi chilumba cha Borneo. Mwezi wambiri amakhala ku Thailand ndi ku Cambodia, pomwe njoka zam'madzi zimapezeka kumwera kwa Vietnam, Cambodia ndi kum'mawa kwa Thailand.
Gourami yemwe ali ndi malo ogawika kwambiri, ndipo amapezeka kwambiri kuchokera ku India kupita kudera lazilumba zaku Malay. Blue gourami amakhalanso ku Sumatra.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi ya gulu lodzichepetsa, chifukwa chake imamva bwino mumadzi oyenda komanso mumitsinje yaying'ono kapena mitsinje ikuluikulu, ndipo gourami yoyera komanso yamawangamawanga imapezekanso m'malo amadzimadzi ndi amchere amchere.
Mitundu yotchuka ya gourami
Mitundu ina yotchuka kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'malo okhala ndi ngale, marble, buluu, golide, mwezi, kupsompsona, uchi komanso mawanga, komanso gourami wodandaula. Komabe, mtundu wodziwika wa Trichogaster umaimiridwa ndi mitundu yayikuluyi:
- gourami ngale (Trishogaster leeri) ndi mtundu womwe umadziwika ndi utali wamtali, wopingasa, wokhala ndi mapiko owoneka bwino osanjikiza-kukhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi malo ambiri amtundu wofanana ndi ngale. Mzere wosagwirizana wonyezimira wakuda umadutsa thupi la nsombayo. Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi, amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lowala, komanso mkoko wam'mbali wamphongo wamphongo. Mwamuna amakhala ndi khosi lofiira kwambiri, ndipo chachikazi - lalanje, lomwe limathandizira kwambiri kutsimikiza kwa kugonana;
- mwezi wa gourami (Trishogaster microleris) ndimitundu yosiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalitali, lolumikizika pang'ono lopanikizidwa m'mbali, lojambulidwa mu mtundu wa monochromatic, wokongola kwambiri wabuluu-siliva. Kutalika kwa anthu wamba, monga lamulo, sikudutsa masentimita 10-12. Mitunduyi yotchuka imatha kusungidwa ndi pafupifupi nzika zina zamtendere zam'madzi, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi matupi ofanana;
- gourami adawonekera (Trishogaster trichorterus) - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziwika ndi utoto wosiririka wokhala ndi utoto wochepa wa lilac wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yosawoneka bwino ya lilac-imvi. Mbali za nsombazo zili ndi mawanga angapo amdima, imodzi yomwe ili pachimake, ndipo inayo pakati pa thupi. Mchira ndi zipsepsezo zimangokhala zopyapyala, zokhala ndi mawanga achikasu otumbululuka komanso mkombero wachikaso chakumaso kumapeto kwake.
Komanso m'malo am'madzi a aquarium, gourami wofiirira (Trishogasteristoralis) amasungidwa - woimira wamkulu kwambiri pamtundu wa Trichogater. Ngakhale kuti ndi gourami wamkulu, bulauni ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera.
Moyo ndi moyo wautali
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, gourami adabweretsedwa kudera la dziko lathu ndi a aquarist aku Moscow azaka za m'ma 1800 A.S. Meshchersky. Mitundu yonse ya gourami imakhala yosasintha ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati kapena kumtunda kwa madzi. Mukamapanga zinthu zabwino, zabwino, nthawi yayitali ya aquarium gourami siyidutsa zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Kusunga gourami kunyumba
Gourami pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi za m'nyanja yam'madzi, yomwe imadziwika ndi kusamalira modzichepetsa komanso kuswana kosavuta. Ndiwo nsomba zomwe ndizoyenera kusungilira nyumba osati zongodziwa chabe, komanso zam'madzi am'madzi, kuphatikizapo ana asukulu.
Zofunikira za Aquarium
Ndikofunika kuti gourami asakhale ozama kwambiri, koma ma aquariums owoneka bwino, mpaka theka la mita, popeza zida zopumira zimakwera kwakanthawi kwa nsomba kumtunda kuti zilandire mpweya wotsatira. Ma Aquariums amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro chapadera chomwe chimalepheretsa chiweto chodzichepetsacho kutumphuka m'madzi.
Gourami amakonda masamba owoneka bwino a aquarium, koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kupatsa nsomba malo ambiri omasuka osambira mwachangu. Zomera sizidzavulazidwa ndi gourami, chifukwa chake wamadzi amatha kukongoletsa nyumba za nsomba ndi chilichonse, ngakhale zomera zosakhwima kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kudzaza nthaka ndi mdima wapadera... Mwazina, ndikofunikira kuyika nkhuni zingapo zachilengedwe mkati mwa aquarium, kutulutsa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa madzi kukhala ofanana ndi malo achilengedwe a nsomba zosowa.
Zofunikira zamadzi
Madzi mumchere wa aquarium amayenera kukhala oyera, chifukwa chake nsomba ziyenera kupereka kusefera kwapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kuchita nawo mosasintha sabata iliyonse yama voliyumu onse. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti aeration wamba sigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati aquarium ili ndi nsomba zokhazokha zokha. Nthawi yoyendetsa kutentha iyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse mkati mwa 23-26 ° C.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga momwe ziwonetsero zikuwonetsera, kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwamadzi mpaka 30 ° C kapena kutsika mpaka 20 ° C ndi aquarium gourami kumalekerera popanda zovuta.
Nsomba za Labyrinth, zikasungidwa mu ukapolo komanso m'malo achilengedwe, gwiritsani mpweya wakumlengalenga popumira, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mutseke chivindikirocho mwamphamvu kuti mpweya uzitha kutentha mpaka kuzizindikiro zotentha kwambiri.
Gourami nthawi zambiri samanyalanyaza gawo lalikulu lamadzi ndipo amatha kuzolowera madzi ofewa komanso owuma. Kupatula lamuloli ndi ngale ya gourami, yomwe imakula bwino ndikulimba kwamadzi mu 10 ° ndi mtengo wa acidity wa 6.1-6.8 pH.
Kusamalira nsomba za Gourami
Chisamaliro chachikhalidwe cha nsomba zaku aquarium chimakhala ndikukhazikitsa mwadongosolo zinthu zingapo zosavuta, wamba. Gourami, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, amafunika kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse, ngakhale mawonekedwe abwino komanso odalirika atayikidwa mu aquarium.
Monga momwe tawonetsera, ndikokwanira kamodzi pamlungu kuti tisinthe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi onse ndi gawo latsopano... Komanso, pakukonza aquarium mlungu uliwonse, m'pofunika kutsuka makoma kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana za algal komanso nthaka kuchokera ku kuipitsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, siphon yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zakudya
Kudyetsa gourami si vuto. Monga zikuwonekeranso pakuwunika kwa akatswiri odziwa zanyama zam'madzi, nsomba zotere sizosankha konse, chifukwa chake amakonda chakudya chilichonse chomwe apeza. Pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zaku aquarium, gourami amakula bwino ndipo amakula bwino ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zopatsa thanzi, zopangidwa ndi chakudya chouma komanso chamoyo, choyimiridwa ndi ma virus a magazi, tubifex ndi daphnia.
M'malo achilengedwe, nsomba za labyrinth zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana, mphutsi za udzudzu wa malungo ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera zam'madzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu athanzi lokwanira komanso okhwima pogonana atha kukhala opanda chakudya pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Kudyetsa nsomba zam'madzi aku aquarium ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zolondola, zoyenerera komanso zosiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe cha gourami ndi kamwa yaying'ono, yomwe imayenera kuganiziridwa mukamadyetsa. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chapadera, gourami ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mazira kapena chakudya chodulidwa bwino.
Kuswana gourami
Amuna amitundu yonse ya gourami amakhala amuna okhaokha, chifukwa chake payenera kukhala azimayi awiri kapena atatu azimayi okhwima ogonana. Amawona ngati abwino kusungitsa gulu la anthu khumi ndi awiri kapena khumi ndi asanu, omwe nthawi ndi nthawi amawaika kuti aswane mu aquarium yapadera.
Pamalo oterowo, mkazi amatha kubereka mwakachetechete, ndipo wamwamuna amachita nawo umuna wake. Zachidziwikire, mitundu yonse ya gourami ndiyodzichepetsa, chifukwa chake amatha kuberekanso ngakhale mumadzi amodzi, koma njirayi ndi yowopsa kwambiri, ndipo nyama zazing'ono zimatha kudyedwa atangobadwa.
Pansi pa aquarium yoyenda iyenera kubzalidwa ndizomera zochepa zam'madzi ndi algae. Pamalo opangira utoto, ndikofunikira kuyika zidutswa zingapo zadothi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsera zomwe zidzakhala zothawirako akazi ndi ana omwe adabadwa.
Pakukhala pachibwenzi, champhongo chimagwira chachikazi ndi thupi lake ndikumukhotetsa... Ndi panthawiyi pomwe mazira amaponyedwa ndikumera kwawo pambuyo pake. Mkazi amaikira mazira mpaka zikwi ziwiri. Mutu wabanja ndi gourami wamwamuna, nthawi zina amakhala wankhanza kwambiri, koma amasamalira bwino mwanayo. Mkazi atayika mazira, amatha kuyikanso munyanja yokhazikika.
Kuyambira nthawi yobereka mpaka kubadwa kwa mwachangu mwachangu, sipadutsa masiku awiri. Malo opangira kupanga ayenera kukhala omasuka komanso osavuta momwe angathere popanga nsomba zam'madzi. Madzi oterewa akuyenera kukhala ndi kuyatsa bwino, ndipo kutentha kwamadzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa 24-25zaC. Atabadwa mwachangu, gourami wamwamuna amayenera kuyikidwa. Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa mwachangu, ndipo achichepere amabzalidwa mumtambo wa aquarium pambuyo poti anawo ali ndi miyezi ingapo.
Zofunika! Ochepera komanso ofooka mwachangu, masiku atatu oyamba amadyetsedwa ndi chikhodzodzo, pambuyo pake ma ciliili amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa masiku asanu kapena asanu otsatira, ndipo pambuyo pake - zooplankton yaying'ono.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Aquarium gourami ndi nsomba zamtendere komanso zamtendere zomwe zimatha kupanga zibwenzi ndi mitundu ina iliyonse ya nsomba, kuphatikizapo Botia, Lalius ndi Thornesia. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yothamanga kwambiri komanso yogwira ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo ma barb, malupanga ndi shark balu, imatha kuvulaza ndevu ndi zipsepse za gourami.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya acidic ndi yofewa ngati oyandikana nawo a gourami. M'nyumba yopezeka panyanja, gourami wachichepere ndi wamkulu nthawi zambiri samangokhala ndi anthu okonda mtendere, komanso nsomba zazing'ono zamanyazi, kuphatikiza ma cichlids.
Komwe mungagule gourami, mtengo
Mukamasankha ndi kugula aquarium gourami, muyenera kuyang'ana kuzakudya zakugonana, zomwe zikuwonekera bwino pamitundu yonse. Wamphongo wam'madzi am'madzi a aquarium nthawi zonse amakhala wokulirapo komanso wowonda, wosiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yowala bwino ndi zipsepse zazitali.
Njira yodalirika yodziwira zogonana mu gourami ndi kupezeka kwa chimphona chachikulu komanso chophatikizana mwa amuna.... Mtengo wapafupipafupi wa nsomba za m'nyanja yamchere zimadalira msinkhu komanso kuchepa kwa mtunduwo:
- uchi wa gourami wagolide - kuchokera ma ruble 150-180;
- ngale gourami - kuchokera 110-120 rubles;
- gourami wagolide - kuchokera ma ruble 220-250;
- nsangalabwi gourami - kuchokera 160-180 rubles;
- mapaipi a gourami - kuchokera ku ruble 100;
- chokoleti gourami - kuchokera 200-220 rubles.
Aquarium gourami amagulitsidwa m'mizere "L", "S", "M" ndi "XL". Mukamasankha, muyenera kusamala ndi momwe nsomba imawonekera. Chiweto chathanzi nthawi zonse chimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino, opanda mitambo ofanana kukula kwake, komanso chimagwiranso ntchito pakusintha kwa kuyatsa kapena zina zakunja.
Nsomba yodwala imadziwika ndi mphwayi, imakhala yotupa, yolimba kwambiri kapena thupi lowonda kwambiri. Mphepete mwa zipsepse siziyenera kuvulazidwa. Ngati nsomba ya m'nyanja yam'madzi imakhala yosasintha komanso yosazolowereka, mawonekedwewa nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kupsinjika kapena kudwala kwa chiweto.
Ndemanga za eni
Kuswana gourami mnyumba yanu ya aquarium ndikosavuta. Mtundu wa nsomba zosowa zotere umasintha panthawi yopuma, ndipo thupi limakhala lowala. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe zimakhalira. Masabata angapo musanagule nsombazo pamalo opangira ziweto, muyenera kuyamba kambiri ndikuwadyetsa banjali ndi chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri.
Wamwamuna gourami, monga bambo wosamala kwambiri, amamanga chisa cha thovu, chokhala ndi thovu la mpweya ndi malovu, komanso amawasamalira nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito yonse yopanga imatenga maola atatu kapena anayi ndipo imachitika maulendo angapo. Amadzi odziwa bwino ntchito zam'madzi amathamangitsa njira yoberekera mwa kuwonjezera madzi osungunuka kutentha kwa 30 ° C kumalo osungira madzi.zaC, m'malo mwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chiwerengerocho.
Mwamuna yemwe amakhala mumtsinje wobala nthawi yoberekayo sayenera kudyetsedwa... Pambuyo pakuwonekera mwachangu, padzakhala kofunika kutsitsa madzi mpaka zida zonse za labyrinth zipangidwe mu nsomba. Monga lamulo, zida za gourami mwachangu zimapangidwa mkati mwa mwezi ndi theka.
Mwachangu amadyetsa infusoria ndi fumbi labwino. Ndioyenera kudyetsa achinyamata mkaka wowawasa ndi chakudya chapadera chomwe chili ndi mitundu yonse yazakudya zonse, kutsata zinthu ndi mavitamini oyenera kukula ndi chitukuko. Odziwa zamadzi amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokonzedwa bwino TetraMin Bab kudyetsa mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zazing'ono zikule bwino komanso amachepetsa matenda opatsirana.
