Carp ya siliva (lat. Carassius gibelio, kapena C. auratus gibelio) ndi nthumwi yodziwika bwino komanso nsomba zopezeka m'madzi ozizira kwambiri. Oyendetsa siliva ndi amtundu wa Carp komanso banja lalikulu la Carp lochokera ku Carp. Anglers odziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri amatcha nsomba zotere za oblong crucian carp kapena hybrid.
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba zagolide
Mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino, komanso mitundu yamakono ndi nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi ozizira zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndizoimira nsomba za ray (Astinorterygii). Dongosolo lonse la nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray zomwe sizinapangidwe pakadali pano sizinapangidwe bwino, koma sayansi yatsimikizira kuti nyama zowoneka mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nsomba zagolidi, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamakhalidwe ndi moyo.
Maonekedwe
Carp ya siliva imakhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kochepa kuchokera kuzinthu zosafanana kwenikweni - Golide, kapena yotchedwa Common carp (Carassius carassius)... Pakamwa pa Carassius gibelio, kapena C. auratus gibelio wamtundu womaliza, popanda kukhalapo kwa tinyanga. Dera la peritoneal m'madzi amchere amtunduwu nthawi zambiri silikhala ndi utoto. Mimbwe yam'mbali imakhala yayitali komanso yopindika mkati. Mano a pharyngeal ndi amtundu umodzi.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwambiri kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha sikelo yayikulu, yowala, komanso kutalika kwakutali kwa thupi. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa sikelo ya carp crucian umakhala wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira wobiriwira, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wagolide komanso wapinki-lalanje womwe siwofanana ndi mitundu iyi. Zipsepsezo zimakhala zowonekera bwino, maolivi opepuka kapena otuwa, okhala ndi utoto wofiyira pang'ono.
Zizindikiro za kutalika kwa kutalika ndi kutalika kwa thupi zimatha kusinthidwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina zakunja, kuphatikiza zikhalidwe zam'malo okhala nsomba. Komanso, mawonekedwe apadera ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala koyamba kwa zipsepse zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mbuyo, zomwe ndizovuta msana wokhala ndi serrated. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwala kwina konse kumadziwika ndi kufewa kokwanira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa nsomba zagolide kosavuta kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe ake molingana ndi izi, zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu watsopano komanso wosangalatsa wa nsomba, womwe umatchedwa "Goldfish".
M'malo omwe mulibe chakudya, ngakhale achikulire samakula kuposa kanjedza. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsomba zagolide pamaso pa chakudya chochuluka komanso chokhazikika nthawi zambiri sikudutsa makilogalamu awiri kapena kupitirirapo, ndikutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu masentimita 40-42.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kawirikawiri, nsomba ya golide imakhala pafupi ndi pansi kapena imakwera m'nkhalango zamitengo yosiyanasiyana ya pansi pa madzi. Pakadutsa nyengo yotentha ya tizilombo, nsomba zowopsa za lepid nthawi zambiri zimakwera pamwamba pamadzi.
Mwa njira yawo yamoyo, opachika pamtanda amakhala mgulu la nsomba zamasukulu, koma akulu akulu amathanso kusunga m'modzi m'modzi.
M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi, zisonyezo za nsomba za tsiku ndi tsiku sizofanana.... Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumachitika madzulo komanso m'mawa kwambiri, koma m'madzi ndi m'mayiwe ena, chakudya cham'madzi cham'madzi chimangodya usiku, chifukwa cha nsomba zowopsa. Komanso, zomwe Carassius gibelio amachita zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo komanso kusinthasintha kwa nyengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Goldfish ndi nsomba yochenjera, koma yogwira ntchito kwambiri, yokhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, koma panthawi yobereka, akulu amatha kusiya madzi am'nyanja kupita kumitsinje kapena kuwoloka mitsinje.
M'madzi a dziwe loyenda komanso dziwe loyera loyenda lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino wa oxygen, ma carp a crucian amatha kupitilizabe kuchita chaka chonse. M'madzi osasunthika omwe atha kufa ndi njala ya oxygen, nsomba zagolide nthawi zambiri zimabisala kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zomwe zimakakamiza nsombazo kuti zichepetse zochitika zawo zachilengedwe ndi monga "kufalikira" kwamadzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha phytoplankton wambiri.
Utali wamoyo
Monga momwe kuwonera kwakanthawi kukuwonetsa, nthawi yayitali ya nsomba zagolide ili pafupi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, koma achikulire ndi anthu akuluakulu, omwe zaka zawo zimatha kupitilira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, nawonso ndizofala.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma carps a siliva amapezeka m'mabeseni amitsinje monga Danube ndi Dnieper, Prut ndi Volga, komanso kumunsi kwa Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya. Nthumwi zotere za nsomba zopangidwa ndi madzi akumwa zachuluka kwambiri m'madzi amadzi osefukira m'mitsinje ya Siberia komanso mumtsinje wa Amur, mumtsinje wa Primorye, komanso m'madzi ku Korea ndi China. Gawo logawa mwachilengedwe la nsomba za golide ndilovuta kwambiri kuti libwezeretsedwe, koma nsomba zotere zimasinthidwa bwino ndi mafunde, mitundu yonse yamtsinje ndi nsomba zam'madzi, chifukwa chake zimakhala limodzi ndi nsomba zagolide.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, nsomba zagolide zakhala zikufalikira mwakhama ngakhale m'malo omwe ali achilengedwe pamtunduwu, komanso zimatha kuthamangitsa nsomba zagolide, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupirira kwamitundu yambiri komanso kuthekera kokhala ndi moyo m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wotsika kwambiri. M'nyengo youma, dziwe likamauma mwachilengedwe, mtanda wa carpian umalowa mumatope, ndikukula masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, pomwe kuli kosavuta "kudikirira" nthawi yovuta kwambiri.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala zotheka nthawi yozizira m'matumba amadzi omwe amaundana mpaka pansi. Opachika pamtanda amatha kukhala masiku atatu m'makontena kapena mabasiketi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Komabe, kufa mwachangu kwa nsomba zotere kumachitika chifukwa chokwaniritsa madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuzinthu zamoyo.
Mulingo wakukhalapo kwa malo osungiramo zida zasiliva ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo malinga ndi izi, mitundu iyi imatha kupikisana ndi Verkhovka wodzichepetsa. Olima nsomba ena amapereka lingaliro loti carp yasiliva m'madamu a dziko lathu yakwanitsa kukankhira abale awo apafupi kwambiri. Komabe, nsomba zagolidi zimakonda madzi otenthedwa bwino okhala ndi madzi osunthika komanso pansi pofewa. M'mitsinje, nsomba zotere ndizosowa ndipo zimayesetsa kukhala m'malo osachedwa kupuma.... M'madzi am'madzi othamanga komanso m'mayiwe, mitundu yayikulu yamtunduwu nawonso ndiyosowa.
Zakudya za nsomba zagolide
Zakudya zazikulu za nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi izi:
- zamoyo zopanda madzi;
- zamoyo zam'madzi zopanda madzi;
- tizilombo ndi gawo lawo la mphutsi;
- mitundu yonse ya ndere;
- zomera zapamwamba;
- kusokoneza
Pazakudya za nsomba zagolide, kufunikira kwakukulu kumaperekedwa kuzakudya zochokera kuzomera, komanso kwa planktonic, crustaceans. Komabe, pakayamba nyengo yozizira, chakudya cha nyama chimasankhidwa.
Malo onenepa m'madziwe am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amakhala ndi matope ndi malo oyandikira gombe, omwe ali ndi nkhalango zazitsamba zamadzi. Ndi m'malo otere omwe ma detritus ndi mitundu invertebrate imachotsedwa pa tsinde la mbeu. Podyetsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba zimamveka kwambiri. Mumadzi amtsinje, carp yasiliva imangoyenda mumitsinje mopanda phokoso kapena pang'onopang'ono. Zitsamba zam'madzi zam'madzi komanso m'kamwa mwa mitsinje, mitundu yonse yazitsamba zomwe zimatsamira pamadzi ndizokongola kwa opachika.
Kubereka ndi ana
Golide wagolide amafikira kukhwima ali ndi zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi, koma kubereka kumachitika kokha kutentha kwamadzi kuli 13-15 ° C. Malo apansi, odzaza ndi zomera, amasankhidwa ngati malo obisaliramo nsomba.... Kubzala, monga lamulo, kumagawidwe, koma oyimira madamu ena azitsamba amadziwika ndi kutulutsa mazira sitepe imodzi. Ma carucian carps amabereka nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha, nthawi zambiri madzulo kapena mbandakucha, komanso usiku. Nyengo yabwino imathandizira kuti pakhale kubereka kosavuta komanso kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo munthawi zoyipa njirayi imawonekera bwino.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Kumvi
- Bream
- Mamba
- Shemaya kapena Shamayka
Nsomba yagolide yaikazi imadziwika ndi chizolowezi cha gynogenesis, choyimiridwa ndi kubereka, komwe kumachitika popanda kutenga nawo gawo amuna amtunduwu. Mbali ina ya njirayi ndi kuthekera kokumana kwa mazira a nsomba zagolide ndi mkaka wa mitundu ina ya carp, kuphatikiza carp, carp, tench ndi nsomba zagolide.
Pachifukwa ichi, umuna wathunthu suchitika, chifukwa chake, kukondoweza kwa mazira kumathera ndikuwoneka kwa mphutsi, zomwe ndizofanana ndi zachikazi. Ndi chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi kumayimiriridwa ndi akazi okha.
Adani achilengedwe
Poyerekeza mawonekedwe am'madzi agolide okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, zinali zotheka kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwakusintha kwa mitundu iyi. Zachisoni kwambiri, m'matumba ambiri am'madzi ambiri nsomba zam'madzi, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, zikusinthidwa ndi "adani achilengedwe osatha", m'modzi mwa iwo ndi ogona Amur.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kumbukirani, ngakhale kuti opachika achikulire alibe adani ambiri achilengedwe, nsomba zotere zimakonda kukhala osamala kwambiri.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi ma golide agolide, nsomba zagolide sizingathetsedwe ndi ma rotan, omwe ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pazoyambitsa zokwanira zachitukuko cha zoweta zam'madzi ndi ichthyology, kumakhala kofunika kuti tifufuze za nsomba zonse zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi ambiri mdziko lathu. Monga momwe awonera, pazaka makumi asanu zapitazi, mtundu wa Silver carp wakhala ukukulira kuchuluka kwake m'madzi osiyanasiyana komanso matupi amadzi osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake nsomba iyi ndiyotakata kwambiri.
Chifukwa chachikulu chofalikira mwachangu chimawerengedwa kuti ndikukula kwa mawonekedwe a Amur, osakanikirana ndi nsomba zagolide ndi carp ina. Mwazina, nsomba yagolide ili ndi pulasitiki wambiri, chifukwa chake, anthu onse amasungidwa ngakhale akukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe nthawi zambiri samakonda nsomba. Udindo wa mitundu ya nsomba zagolide: nsombayi ndichinthu chodziwika bwino osati posodza kokha, komanso kuwedza kosangalatsa ndi masewera.
Mtengo wamalonda
Oimira ambiri a carp, kuphatikiza nsomba zagolide, ndi nsomba zamalonda zamtengo wapatali.... Oimira mtundu uwu adayambitsidwa m'madzi ku North America, m'mayiwe a Thailand, Western Europe ndi India.
Posachedwa, nsomba ya golide yazika mizu bwino, chifukwa chakhala nsomba zodziwika bwino zamalonda m'dziko lathu, m'madzi a Kamchatka. M'zaka zaposachedwa, nsomba zagolidi nthawi zambiri zimakulira m'minda yamadziwe kapena kuwukitsidwa ndi alimi. Mwazina, subspecies yafishfish idakhala maziko obereketsa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi mitundu ina yokongoletsa ku China.
