Ziri zovuta kulingalira, koma weasel atangotengedwa ngati chiweto - Aroma adayamba ndi chiyembekezo chotsitsa makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, ferrets ndi amphaka anathamangitsa chilombo mu mitima ndi nyumba za otchuka Roma.
Kufotokozera kwa weasel
Weasel wamba (Mustela nivalis) amayimira mtundu wa Weasel ndi ferrets, membala wa banja la marten, ndipo ndiwodya wochepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amuna amakula mpaka 16-26 cm ndipo amalemera 50-250 g, akazi amalemera kuyambira 30 mpaka 110 g ndikutalika kwa 11.5-21 cm.
Maonekedwe
Koposa zonse, weasel amafanana ndi ermine ndi mchere wamchere, koma amasiyana nawo pakuchepa komanso mwatsatanetsatane.... Zachilengedwe zimawoneka ngati njoka, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa cha thupi locheperako lokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi mayendedwe amtchire (pamene weasel akukwera pakati pa miyala kapena nkhuni zakufa). Kufanana ndi njoka kumatsindikitsidwanso ndi khosi lalitali lamphamvu (lowonda pang'ono kuposa thupi), lokhala ndi mutu wopapatiza wokhala ndi mphuno yaying'ono ndi makutu ozungulira, otakata kwambiri, osatsogola kumtunda.
Weasel ali ndi maso amdima owala (ngati akutuluka pang'ono) ndi mphuno yakuda, yopanda mphanda. Mchira ndi waufupi (mkati mwa 1.2-8.7 cm), wofanana ndi mtundu wakumbuyo (mosiyana ndi ermine, yomwe ili ndi nsonga yakuda). Pansi pa mchira pali chida chachinsinsi cha weasel - glands omwe amapanga madzi ndi fungo lokhumudwitsa.
Zofunika! Mtundu wa malayawo umasiyanasiyana m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha. Kuzizira, weasel amasanduka woyera kwathunthu kumpoto komanso pang'ono kumwera. Ubweya nawonso ndi wandiweyani m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha, koma tsitsi lachisanu limakhala lalitali komanso lolimba kuposa tsitsi la chilimwe.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama imawonetsa mtundu wa bicolor wokhala ndi zoyera (mbali zamkati mwa miyendo ndi gawo limodzi phazi) ndi pamwamba pamdima (ndimitundumitundu ya brown brown, kutengera dera). Kusintha kwamitundu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi ndikowoneka bwino.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Weasel amakhala ndipo amadyera kudera laling'ono la 0,5-1 ha. BzaSakusowa malo okulirapo, chifukwa chilombocho chimakwawa momasuka ndikulanda nyama iliyonse, ngakhale yaying'ono kwambiri. Weasel yemweyo samakumba mabowo - zikhomo zake zing'onozing'ono ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa sizinasinthidwe pantchito yotere. Monga ma bunkers osakhalitsa, kubisala pangozi, nyama imagwiritsa ntchito vole yoyamba kapena mole mole yomwe ikukumana nayo.
Pa chiwembu chake, weasel imakonzekereranso malo ena okhazikika, omwe (kupatula mabowo ambewa) amakhala:
- zochotsa pamiyala yamiyala;
- njinga;
- burashi;
- kuyala nkhuni;
- nyumbazo;
- mabowo otsika.
Nthawi zambiri phangalo limakhala ndi masamba owuma ndi udzu, komanso moss. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, kupewa malo otseguka poyenda pamalo ake ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi tchire ndi malo ena achilengedwe.
Weasel amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwakanthawi komanso kusunthika kwachangu, kuphatikiza posaka wovulalayo. Nyamayo imakwera mitengo bwino ndikusambira bwino, koma kwakanthawi kochepa. Imayenda makilomita awiri patsiku, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chambiri chikamayenda, chimangoyenda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zoyenda pansi pa chipale chofewa zimadziwika mosavuta: weasel polumpha amaika zikopa zake awiriawiri ("awirikiza"), pomwe ermine yolumpha imasiya zipsera za miyendo itatu ("troites").
Makhalidwe a weasel ndi gulu lolumpha, lofanana ndi ma weasel ang'onoang'ono onse... Kutalika kwakulumpha pafupifupi 20-25 cm, mukamachoka kwa adani - mpaka masentimita 40-50. Weasel amasaka mosatopa usana ndi usiku, makamaka komwe kulibe chiwopsezo chakunja. Mukusangalala kwachisangalalo, nthawi zina amawononga nkhuku, kukwera m'makola a nkhuku, omwe, nthawi zambiri, amakhululukidwa chifukwa cha kuwononga mbewa zonse.
Kodi ma weasels amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Mphamvu ya weasel idapangidwa kwa zaka 5. Mochuluka kwambiri amatha kukhala kuthengo, ngati si chifukwa cha matenda, opha nyama mosaka nyama, nyama zolusa zazikulu ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zimapangitsa nyama kufa msanga. M'malo mwake, kutalika kwa moyo wa weasel kumakhala kochepera kwambiri ndipo kumakhala kofanana ndi miyezi 10-12.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Weasel adakhala m'makontinenti onse akummwera kwa dziko lapansi. Nyama zimapezeka kumadera monga:
- Eurasia, kupatula Indochina;
- North America (kupatula zipululu zakumwera ndi Canada Arctic Archipelago);
- kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa (Mapiri a Atlas).
Akatswiri a zooology amalankhula zakusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa weasel. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zakuda kwambiri zomwe zili ndi michira yayifupi zimakhala m'nkhalango za Far East ndi Siberia, kumpoto kwa Europe ndi North America. Zikuluzikulu (3-4 nthawi) ndi ma weasel owala oyera okhala ndi michira yayitali amakhala m'malo ouma a m'chigwa cha Asia (Central / Front), komanso ku Mediterranean (kumpoto kwa Africa, kumwera kwa Europe ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia).
Zofunika! Nyama zakumwera zilibe mpikisano wothana ndi chakudya monga ermine, ndipo zimasaka mbewa zazikulu (agologolo agulu, ma jerboas ndi ma gerbils), omwe ma weasel akumpoto sangalimbane nawo.
Ku Russia, weasel, chifukwa chodzichepetsa, ikupezeka ponseponse ndipo imasinthidwa kukhala madera ambiri. Chilombocho chimapewa malo okwera chipale chofewa komanso zipululu za polar, pomwe ma martens sapezeka kwenikweni.
M'malo ena momwe makoswe ang'onoang'ono amakhala (steppe / nkhalango-nkhalango, nkhalango zamitundumitundu, tundra, zipululu ndi mapiri kumapiri a alpine), ma weasel amathanso kupezeka. Nyamayo sichiwopa anthu: weasel adawonedwa m'malo opaka ma megalopolises, kuphatikiza minda / mapaki aboma a likulu.
Zakudya za Weasel
Weasel amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazilombo zodziwika bwino kwambiri chifukwa chotsatira makoswe ang'onoang'ono.... Nyama imakonda kusaka mumdima (madzulo komanso usiku), koma siyiphonya mwayi wakudya masana. Nyama sizidziwa kutopa, kusaka maudzu ndi zitsamba, kuyang'anira zotchinga mphepo ndi ma rhizomes opotoka, kulowerera mu chisanu nthawi yachisanu.
Atakumanapo ndi ma gerbils kapena ma voles, weasel amasowa kwanthawi yayitali mumayendedwe apansi panthaka a omwe akuwakonda, ndikufufuza mphuno iliyonse. Poyenda m'mabowo, chilombocho nthawi zina chimagwira ndikuwononga timitengo, zomwe nyama zina zamnkhalango zimanyansidwa nazo. Mwa njira, womalizirayo amaperekanso chakudya kwa weasel, osadziwa: imadya mokomera zidutswa zawo.
Zakudya zoyenerera za weasel zimakhala ndi nyama monga:
- mbewa, kuphatikizapo mbewa zakumunda - mzere wapakati;
- hamsters - steppe woyendera nthambi;
- gerbils - m'chipululu;
- anapiye ndi mazira (owasira amayamwa zomwe zili mmenemo, ndikupanga mabowo angapo);
- nsomba zazing'ono ndi amphibiya (kokha munthawi zanjala).
Anthu okhala m'chigawo cha Primorsky amayang'ana momwe ma weasel nthawi zina amayendera gombe la nyanja kufunafuna zinyalala za chakudya zomwe zimabwera ndi mafunde.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zatsimikizika kuti weasel amapha wozunzidwayo poluma chigaza chake kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndiyeno amayamba kudya magawo okhala ndi ma calorie apamwamba kwambiri. Mu mbewa yakumunda, uwu ndi mesentery wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi weasel amadyera kaye ziwalo zamkati mwa makoswe ngati mbewa kenako nkuyesa zidutswa zina za nyama.
Nyama yamphaka siimadya nthawi zonse mu dzenje pomwe imapeza nyama yake. Nthawi zina amamukoka mamitala mazana angapo kupita kunyumba kwake kuti akadye mosangalala. Ngakhale kulemera kwa katunduyo, komwe nthawi zambiri kumafanana ndi theka la kulemera kwake, sikuletsa chikondi.
Ndi chakudya chochuluka, weasel amasunga, ndikusandutsa malo ena obisalamo kukhala nyumba yosungira. M'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoterezi, amasunga 1 mpaka 30 maulendo ophedwa.
Adani achilengedwe
Weasel sangadziteteze kuzilombo zazikuluzikulu zam'nkhalango, zapadziko lapansi komanso mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, ma mustelids, makamaka nyama zazing'ono, amaphedwa ndi agalu osochera.
Weasels analowanso m'kaundula wa adani achilengedwe:
- nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe;
- kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi;
- chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mawanga;
- chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi chiwombankhanga choyera;
- paini marten,
- baji;
- galu wa raccoon.
Alenje ananena kuti ma weasel omwe amakonda kusewera nthawi zina amatha kulimbana ndi mphamba: malinga ndi mboni zowona, nyamazo zimatha kukukuta khosi la mbalameyo mlengalenga.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zochepa ndizodziwika pazomwe ma weasels amakwatirana. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti yamphongo imakwirira azibwenzi angapo, ndipo nthawi yokhwimira ndiyosakhazikika kwambiri ndipo zimatengera kupezeka kwa chakudya. Amayi achichepere amakhala ndi pakati chaka chonse, pomwe akazi achikulire amakhala ndi pakati kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira (motsimikiza pa Epulo). Mkazi amakonzekera chisa cha kubala, kutchingira ndi moss, masamba ndi udzu: patatha mwezi umodzi, kuyambira ana 4 mpaka 10 amawoneka apa, okutidwa ndi zoyera pansi.
Pakapita kanthawi, tsitsi lokhala ndi chilimwe lamitundu iwiri limadutsa m'malo mwake. Ana amakula mwachangu: pakatha masabata atatu, mano awo amkapu amatuluka ndipo maso awo amatseguka, ndipo pakatha milungu inayi, anawo amayankha zoopsezazo potulutsa chinsinsi chakuthwa ndi phokoso loseketsa.
Zofunika! Mayi modzipereka amateteza chisa chake pakagwa ngozi. Ngati kuli kotheka, weasel amakokera naye kumalo ena, otetezeka.
Ali ndi zaka masabata 2-4, anawo amadya nyama yomwe idagawidwa ndi mayi - chilombocho chimadzuka patapita nthawi. Pakadutsa milungu 5, achichepere achichepere amatha kupha mbewa zomwe aphedwa, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata la 7 amatha kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Asanachoke pachisa, achichepere amafufuza malo, akungoyendayenda mwa amayi awo... Pomwe malingaliro azotsatira akusowa, ma weasels achichepere amazolowera kuyenda pawokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, weasel sakuyimira phindu lililonse, koma nthawi zina imalowa mu zida zophera zokonzekera nyama zonyamula ubweya. Koma ndizosatheka kukokomeza kufunikira kwakamitunduyu monga chiwonongeko cha mbewa ngati mbewa, zomwe zimawononga ulimi. Akatswiri a Zoologist akudzipereka kuteteza anthu a padziko lonse lapansi.
