Sable waku Japan ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja la a marten. Amayamikira chifukwa cha ubweya wake wapamwamba, amadziwika kuti ndi Predator ndipo ndi nyama.
Kufotokozera kwa mphanga zaku Japan
Sable waku Japan ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la marten... Amatchedwanso Japan marten. Ili ndi ma subspecies atatu - Martes melampus, Martes melampus coreensis, Martes melampus tsuensis. Ubweya wamtengo wapatali wa chinyama, monga ma sabulo ena, ndi womwe amalonda amapha.
Maonekedwe
Monga mitundu ina yamphalapala, a Marten aku Japan ali ndi thupi lowonda komanso losinthasintha, miyendo yayifupi komanso mutu woboola pakati. Pamodzi ndi mutu, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 47-54, ndipo mchirawo ndi wa masentimita 17 mpaka 23. Koma mawonekedwe apadera kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa nyama yonyezimira ndi mchira wapamwamba ndi ubweya. Nyamayo imakopanso ndi ubweya wake wonyezimira wachikaso. Palinso ma martens achi Japan omwe ali ndi bulauni yakuda. M'malo mwake, ubweya wa nyama uli ndi "kubisa" mtundu wazikhalidwe za malo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbali ina yapadera, yochititsa chidwi ya phanga lokongola ili ndi kuwala pakhosi. Mu nyama zina, ndi yoyera bwino, mwa ena imatha kukhala yachikasu kapena yoterera.
Amuna amasiyana ndi akazi mu thupi lokulirapo. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, omwe amalemera katatu kuposa kulemera kwazimayi. Kulemera kwanthawi yayitali kwa mphanga yachi Japan kumachokera magalamu 500 mpaka kilogalamu imodzi.
Moyo wapamwamba
Sable waku Japan amakonda kukhala yekha, monga abale ambiri am'banja la weasel. Mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense ali ndi gawo lake, malire omwe nyama imalemba ndi zinsinsi za ma gland. Ndipo, apa, pali kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi - kukula kwanyumba yamwamuna ndi pafupifupi 0.7 km2, ndipo chachikazi ndi chaching'ono - 0.63 km2. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lamwamuna silimalowa m'malire a mwamuna wina, koma nthawi zonse "limalowa" mundawo la mkazi.
Nthawi yokhwima ikafika, malire otere "amafafanizidwa", akazi amalola amuna kuti "aziwayendera" kuti akapeze ana amtsogolo. Nthawi yonse, malire amnyumba amasungidwa ndi eni ake. Ziwerengero zanyumba zimalola kuti nyamazo zisamangopanga malo oti azipumulira ndikukhalanso, komanso kuti zipeze chakudya. Achifwamba achi Japan amapanga "nyumba" zawo zogona ndi zotetezedwa kwa adani mumitengo yopanda pake, komanso kukumba maenje pansi. Kusuntha pakati pamitengo, nyama zimatha kudumpha pafupifupi mamita 2-4!
Utali wamoyo
Kumtchire, ngodya za ku Japan zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 9-10.... Nyama zomwe zimasungidwa mu ukapolo wabwino, pafupi ndi zachilengedwe, chiyembekezo cha moyo chitha kukulirakulira. Ngakhale izi ndizosowa kwambiri, ndizovuta kuwona marten waku Japan kapena mitundu ina yodyera m'malo osungira nyama.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Sable waku Japan amapezeka makamaka pazilumba zaku Japan - Shikoku, Honshu, Kyushu ndi Hokkaido. Nyamayo idatengedwa kupita ku chilumba chomaliza kuchokera ku Honshu mzaka 40 kuti ikulitse malonda aubweya. Komanso, marten waku Japan amakhala m'dera la Korea. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri mphanga zaku Japan ndi nkhalango. Nyama imakonda makamaka nkhalango za coniferous ndi thundu. Amatha kukhala ataliatali m'mapiri (mpaka 2000 m pamwamba pamadzi), bola mitengo ikamera pamenepo, yomwe imakhala ngati malo achitetezo ndi phanga. Sikwachilendo nyama ikakhazikika pabwalo.
Mkhalidwe wabwino wokhala ndi Japan ku marten pachilumba cha Tsushima. Palibe nyengo yozizira kumeneko, ndipo gawo 80% limakhala m'nkhalango. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu pachilumbachi, kutentha kwabwino kumatsimikizira kukhala moyo wabata, wamtendere komanso kubereketsa nyama yobala ubweya.
Zakudya zodyera zaku Japan
Kodi nyama yabwino komanso yokongola imeneyi imadya chiyani? Mbali inayi, ndi chilombo (koma pa nyama zazing'ono zokha), komano, ndi wosadya nyama. Marten waku Japan amatha kutchedwa omnivorous osati wosankha. Nyama imazolowera mosavuta malo okhala ndikusintha kwa nyengo, ndipo imatha kudya nyama zazing'ono, tizilombo, zipatso ndi mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri, zakudya za marten zaku Japan zimakhala ndi mazira, mbalame, achule, nkhanu, mazira, mazira, nyama zazing'ono, mavu, milongobere, kafadala, akangaude, okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, makoswe, ndi nyongolotsi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Khwangwala waku Japan, pomwe amasaka mphutsi za mavu, samalumidwa ndi tizirombo taukazitape. Pazifukwa zina, nkhanza zawo zimadutsa owononga abweya a zisa zawo. Monga ngati masabata amakhala osawoneka mphindi ngati izi - chinsinsi cha chilengedwe!
Marten waku Japan amadya zipatso ndi zipatso zikasowa zakudya zina. Nthawi zambiri "zamasamba" zake zimagwera munthawi kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kwa anthu, mbali yabwino ya marten waku Japan ndikuti imawononga makoswe ang'onoang'ono - tizirombo ta m'minda ndipo ndiye mpulumutsi wa zokolola.
Adani achilengedwe
Mdani wowopsa kwambiri pafupifupi pafupifupi nyama zonse, kuphatikiza mphalapala yaku Japan, ndi munthu yemwe cholinga chake ndi ubweya wokongola wa nyama. Osaka nyama mosaka nyama amasaka ubweya m'njira iliyonse yoletsedwa.
Zofunika! M'nyumba yanyumba zaku Japan (kupatula zilumba za Tsushim ndi Hokkaido, pomwe nyama imatetezedwa ndi lamulo), kusaka kumaloledwa kwa miyezi iwiri yokha - Januware ndi February!
Mdani wachiwiri wa nyamayo ndi chilengedwe choyipa: chifukwa cha zinthu zakupha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi, nyama zambiri zimamwalira... Chifukwa cha zinthu ziwirizi, kuchuluka kwa ma sabata aku Japan kwatsika kwambiri kotero kuti adayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book. Ponena za adani achilengedwe, alipo owerengeka kwambiri. Ulemerero wa nyama ndi moyo wawo wamadzulo ndizotetezera mwachilengedwe ku ngozi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa. Marten waku Japan, akawona kuti ndiwopseza moyo wake, nthawi yomweyo amabisala m'maenje amitengo kapena maenje.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokwanira yamphesa yaku Japan imayamba ndi mwezi woyamba wamasika... Ndi kuyambira mu Marichi mpaka Meyi pomwe kukhathamira kwa nyama kumachitika. Anthu omwe atha msinkhu - azaka 1-2 ali okonzeka kupanga ana. Mkazi atakhala ndi pakati, kotero kuti palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa ana agalu kubadwa, kusintha kwa thupi kumalowa mthupi: njira zonse, kagayidwe kake kamaletsedwa, ndipo chinyama chimatha kubala mwana wosakhwima m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka theka loyambirira la Ogasiti, ana a mphanga yaku Japan amabadwa. Zinyalala zimakhala ndi ana agalu 1-5. Ana amabadwa ataphimbidwa ndi ubweya wochepa thupi, wakhungu komanso wopanda chochita. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndimkaka wachikazi. Achinyamata angofika msinkhu wa miyezi 3-4, amatha kuchoka pamabowo a makolo, popeza amatha kusaka okha. Ndipo akatha msinkhu amayamba "kulemba" malire a madera awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni awiri zapitazo, marten waku Japan (Martes melampus) adakhala mtundu wosiyana ndi mphanga wamba (Martes zibellina). Lero, pali magawo atatu a iwo - Martes melampus coreensis (malo okhala ku South ndi North Korea); Martes melampus tsuensis (chilumba chachilengedwe ku Japan - Tsushima) ndi M. m. Melampus.
Ndizosangalatsa!Subpecies Martes melampus tsuensis amatetezedwa mwalamulo kuzilumba za Tsushima, momwe 88% ili ndi nkhalango, pomwe 34% ndi ma conifers. Lero mphanga zaku Japan ndizotetezedwa ndi lamulo ndipo zalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Chifukwa cha zochitika zaumunthu m'chilengedwe cha Japan, zasintha kwambiri, zomwe sizinasinthe kwenikweni moyo wa mphanga waku Japan. Chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri (poaching, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo). Mu 1971, adaganiza zoteteza nyama.
