Amateur, atamva mawu oti "agalu otchire", adzaganiza kuti tikulankhula za mtundu wosadziwika wa galu. M'malo mwake, izi ndi mbewa, zomwe zimafanana ndi agalu ndikumveka komwe kumamveka ngati kukuwa pakakhala ngozi.
Kufotokozera za agalu a m'nkhalango
Galu mbewa - china chonga ichi (poganizira mizu yakale yachi Greek) chimamasulira dzina lasayansi la mitundu ya Cynomys... Makoswe ali m'banja la agologolo, koma amawoneka ngati nyani, kunja ndi chizolowezi chozizira kwambiri mzati wa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo.
Maonekedwe
Galu wamkulu wam'maluwa amakula mpaka 30-38 masentimita ndipo amalemera 1-1.5 kg (nthawi zina pang'ono pang'ono), ndipo amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu komanso olemera kuposa akazi. Nyamayo, imafanana kwambiri ndi nyamayi muzolemba za thupi lolimba ndikudzibisa (kuti zigwirizane ndi mtundu wa mtundawu) utoto: msana nthawi zambiri umakhala wauve wachikaso kapena wachikaso ndi mthunzi wowala wamimba. Ubweya womwe uli pamutu wozungulira umakhala wakuda kuposa momwe thupi limakhalira, ndipo zotupa zoyera zimawoneka pamphuno, makamaka zowala pachibwano ndi mphuno.
Rentent ili ndi mano akuluakulu a tsaya komanso zotupa zochepa zakumtunda: ngati kuli kotheka, chakudya chimayikidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a tsaya. Makutu agalu atchire amakhala osakanikirana kotero kuti samadziwika bwino pansi pa malayawo. Maso ndi aakulu kwambiri, amdima komanso otakata, omwe amalola kuti muwone bwino malo ozungulira. Miyendo imathera pogwira zala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zakuthwa komanso zolimba. Pa miyendo yakutsogolo, chala chachitatu chimayenda patsogolo. Ubweya umamera pansi pake. Mchira ndiwofalitsa bwino, koma osati motalika (pafupifupi 4-11 cm), wotseka mtundu ndi thupi lonse.
Moyo
Agalu a Prairie amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri masana - masana amapeza chakudya, amakhala akusintha nyumba, komanso amalumikizana ndi abale. Monga anyani agologolo ndi agologolo agalu, amakonda kuimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti ayang'ane malo ozungulira.
Kakhalidwe
Makoloni a makoswewa amakhala ndi mitu masauzande angapo okhala ndi anthu opitilira atatu pa hekitala, komanso opitilira 8. Coloni imagawidwa m'magulu am'banja omwe amaphatikiza amuna awiri, akazi atatu mpaka asanu, ndi ana awo (6 mpaka 30). Mtendere ndi mgwirizano zimalamulira m'banjamo - zikakumana, nyamazo zimasusana, ndipo zikazindikira, nthawi zambiri zimatsuka ubweya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Banja lirilonse limalemekeza kuwonongeka kwa katundu wawo ndipo, pamene mlendo awonekera, amakonza mkangano wamalire. Wopambana pamkangano wamkati amapeza mwayi wokulitsa tsamba lake (osaposa mita).
Pafupi ndi dzenjelo pamakhala mlonda, amene amayenera kudziwitsa achibale za ngoziyo munthawiyo. Iyi ikhoza kukhala mluzu kapena phokoso longa khungwa. Kutengera mtundu wa mbendera, agalu akumadambo akukonzekera kuthana ndi ziwopsezo za mdani, kapena kuthamangira kumabowo kwawo. Makoswe ambiri amabisala kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, akudzuka kokha mwa February - Marichi.
Kuyankhulana kwapansi
Maenje obisalira agalu adakonzedwa mwaluso kwambiri komanso ozama kwambiri - nthawi zambiri amapita mpaka 3-5 m... Bowo lililonse (pafupifupi masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake) limalowa munjira zodabwitsa zokhazokha zotsetsereka komanso kuwongolera pang'onopang'ono. Zolumikizana zodutsa pansi zimadalirika kwambiri kotero kuti zimatetezedwa kwathunthu kusefukira kwamadzi nthawi yamvula ndikugwa.
Patsamba la mahekitala 1, pali mabowo okwanira 54 omwe amatsogolera ku agalu a kumidzi. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, kutalika kwa dzenje limodzi ndi ma tunnel ake onse ndiopitilira mamitala 300, ngakhale gawo lachigawo chamabanja, monga lamulo, silipitilira ma square mita angapo.
Zofunika! Zipinda zapansi zimakhala ndi zolinga zosiyana - zina zimasinthidwa kukhala malo osungira, zina zimakhala ngati zipinda zobadwira, ndipo zina zimakhala ngati zipinda zopulumukira populumuka kusefukira kapena nyama zolusa.
Mtsuko wosiyana umakumbidwa kuchokera kunyumba yayikulu kuti mupite zosowa zachilengedwe: umagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka utasefukira ndi ndowe. Ngati chimbudzi sichikhoza kuyeretsedwa, amachiika m'manda ndikupeza malo atsopano.
Utali wamoyo
Agalu a Prairie amakhulupirira kuti amakhala mndende kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri - osachepera zaka 11 mosamala. Mwachilengedwe, moyo wa nyama ndiwofupikitsa: mkazi amakhala zaka 8, wamwamuna mpaka asanu.
Mitundu ya agalu a Prairie
Ngakhale kuti mitunduyo ndi yovuta kusiyanitsa, ndichizolowezi kulankhula za mitundu isanu ya agalu am'misewu:
- Cynomys gunnisoni - Galu wam'munda wa Gunnison
- Cynomys ludovicianus - galu wakuda wakuda
- Cynomys leucurus - Galu wamiyala yoyera
- Ma Cynomys parvidens - galu wa Yuta prairie;
- Cynomys mexicanus ndi galu waku Mexico.
Mitundu ya makoswe imasiyanasiyana m'mene machenjezo amawu amaperekedwera komanso mawonekedwe ena, mwachitsanzo, kukula ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba. Nsonga ya mchira wa agalu aku Mexico ndi akuda ndi akuda ndi akuda, pomwe mwa mitundu ina ndi yoyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Si makoswe onse omwe amagona m'nyengo yozizira: galu wakudera lakuda, akuyenda modekha pachikuto cha chisanu, akuwonetsa mphamvu chaka chonse. Koma galu wamiyala yoyerayo amapita m'manja mwa Morpheus pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Agalu a Prairie ndiomwe akuyimira nyama zakumpoto ku North America, makamaka, malo ake osatha... Mitunduyi imayambira kumadera akumwera a chigawo cha Saskatchewan ku Canada ndipo imakhudza mayiko angapo aku US - Kumpoto ndi South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Wyoming, Utah, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Colorado ndi Arizona.
Agalu a Prairie amapezekanso kumadera angapo akumpoto / pakati pa Mexico. Makoswe amapanga nyumba zawo kumapiri ndi zigawo za chipululu, pomwe kuli zomera zochepa kwambiri. Sachita mantha kutalika - nyama zinawonedwa m'mapiri (pamwamba pa 3 km pamwamba pa nyanja).
Zakudya za agalu a Prairie
Chakudya cha makoswe makamaka masamba, koma nthawi zina amadzikometsera ndi mapuloteni azinyama, kudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Amapita kukafunafuna chakudya, amakhala pafupi ndi mabowo. Nthaka yodula bwino ingakuuzeni kuti agalu okhala m'mapiri akhazikika kudambo: makoswe amafewetsa bwino udzu womwe ukukula kuti usaletse malowo.
Adani achilengedwe
Agalu a Prairie amasakidwa ndi nyama zambiri zodya nyama, monga:
- phazi lakuda;
- baji;
- nkhandwe;
- nkhwangwa;
- Nkhono yaku Mexico;
- phanga la kadzidzi.
Komanso, makoswe okhala ndi ma gula nthawi zambiri amathera m'mimba mwa njoka zamtunduwu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zochepa ndizodziwika pokhudzana ndi kuswana kwa agalu am'misewu. Chifukwa chake, zimadziwika kuti nyengo yakukhwima kwa iwo imabwera kamodzi pachaka ndipo imatha (ndi feteleza wabwino) ndi kanyumba kamodzi. Mkazi amabala ana pafupifupi mwezi umodzi (kuyambira masiku 28 mpaka 32), ndikubereka nthawi yachilimwe (mu Marichi, Epulo kapena Meyi) 2-10 makanda akhungu. Amayamba kuwona bwino pafupifupi masiku 33-37, ndipo akafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri amakhala kale odziyimira pawokha ndikuyamba kukwawa kutuluka mdzenje.
Zofunika! Achinyamata amafika pobereka mochedwa, nthawi zambiri osati zaka zopitilira zitatu. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe awona kuti nthawi zambiri ndimibadwo yakale ya makoswe omwe amasiya malo awo okhala, ndikusiya "unyamata" pamenepo.
Amuna ndi akazi omwe akula msinkhu amayesa kukulitsa malo okhala mopweteketsa oyandikana nawo, kulowa m'malire awo, kapena kupita kukafunafuna magawo aulere. Apa amakhala, amakumba maenje awo ndikugwirizana m'mabanja awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, kalekale panali agalu odyetserako ziweto padziko lapansi kuposa anthu, koma omaliza apambana kwambiri pakuchepetsa mbewa. Adawonongedwa mwankhanza ndi alimi aku North America, omwe amakhulupirira kuti makoswe amadya masamba omwe amapangira ziweto. Ziwerengero zowopsa zotsatirazi zamasulidwa: mu 1905, galu wamba ku Texas anali ndi nyama pafupifupi 800 miliyoni, koma pofika kumapeto kwa zaka zana, ziweto zawo zidatsika mpaka 2.2 miliyoni.
Chifukwa chakuchepa ndikutukuka kwakukulu kwa madera, makamaka kulima kwawo. Kuwonongeka kwa agalu a m'mapiri sikungakhudze kuchuluka kwa nyama zina zomwe zimakhala m'mapiriwo. Zowononga zinataya chakudya chawo (makoswe ambiri), ndi malo odyetserako ziweto - malo obisalamo omwe agalu am'misewu amawapatsa kwaulere.
Malo osungira agalu
Makoswe amadziwa bwino ukapolo ndikuzolowera anthu. Galu woweta woweta safuna kuthawa ukapolo ndipo amakonda nyumba yake yokumba.
Malo okhala
Chidebe momwe chinyama chizikhalamo chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuti chikumbe dzenje labwino pamenepo... Pazinthu izi, mutha kusintha aquarium yayikulu kapena khola lodzaza ndi dothi kapena mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, mufunika zinthu zokongoletsera, nthambi ndi zoseweretsa zomwe chiweto chanu chiyesetsadi kulawa. Gulani zida zamatabwa ngati simukufuna kuti mbewa ipezeke ndi pulasitiki.
Zachidziwikire, mbale yakumwa ndi madzi abwino komanso cholembera cholemera cha ceramic ziyenera kuyikidwa mchikwere kuti zizikhazikika. Koma ngakhale moyo wabwino sikuti umangotsimikizira mnzanu watsopanoyu kuti adzakhala ndi moyo wautali.
Zofunika! Agalu onse okhala m'matanthwe ndi a thermophilic kwambiri, ndipo, ngakhale osachita tulo (ngati galu wakuda wakuda), amatha kugundana kapena kuzimiririka kwanthawi yayitali ngati kutentha kwa mpweya m'nyanjayi kumatsikira ku +12 degrees Celsius.
Kutentha kotsika, thupi la mbewa limakumana ndi hypothermia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa chimfine. Mukawona kuti chinyama sichimatha kutentha, gwiritsani ntchito pedi yotenthetsera, ndikuyika chiweto chozizira.
Kudyetsa ana
Amalonda achinyengo nthawi zambiri amapereka makanda omwe sanaphunzire kudzidyetsa okha. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi "mafuta amwana" owonda kwambiri: alibe nthawi yoti apezerepo, chifukwa amasiya kuyamwa kuyambira pachifuwa cha mayi. Anzathu osaukawa amafunikiranso malo otenthetsera, koma muyenera kungowaika pagawo limodzi la aquarium (kuyiyika pansi pake) kuti katsitsi kotenthedwa kazitha kupita pakona ina, yozizira.
Pofuna kudyetsa ana, mufunika syringe ndi Pedialyte (njira ya electrolyte ya ana omwe akutsekula m'mimba) yogulidwa ku pharmacy. Pitirizani monga chonchi:
- Phatikizani mkaka wathunthu wofunda ndi pedialyte (mofanana). Bwino kugula mkaka wagalu wapadera.
- Dyetsani mwana wanu wolemera magalamu 150-200 g, pang'onopang'ono mukulowetsa mkodzo mkamwa mwake.
- Kudyetsa kumachitika maola awiri aliwonse, kuwunika momwe chiweto chilili.
- Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti thupi silitaya madzi.
Muthanso kutenthetsa mwanayo ndi kutentha kwa thupi lanu, mwachitsanzo, pachifuwa, nthawi ndi nthawi mumamulola kuti apume mpweya kuti mbewa isalephere.
Chakudya cha makoswe akuluakulu
Galu wina wam'madzi amadya za 1 kg yaudzu sabata iliyonse mchilimwe / chilimwe... Grass, monga mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa chakudya, imayenera kutenga osachepera 3/4 pa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Komanso, mndandanda wazakudya za agalu oyenera kumaphatikizapo:
- msipu watsopano;
- mtedza;
- zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
- chimanga.
Mu kugwa, ndi kuchepa kwaudzu, masamba omwe agwa amatero. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kusintha masamba ndi masamba aliwonse obiriwira.
Kusamalitsa
Ngati mbewa ikuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo, mubwezereni ku khola / aquarium mukamachoka mnyumbayo. Pachimbudzi, bokosi lamatayala la mphaka lomwe lidayikidwa patali ndi malo osewerera ndipo "chipinda chodyera" ndichabwino.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula, makoswe amakhala odekha komanso osachita zopweteka.
Onetsetsani kubisa mawaya, kutseka mabowo, osasiya mphete ya mtengo wa Khrisimasi ndi mankhwala apanyumba omwe amapezeka mosavuta... Osataya masokosi ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono mozungulira - agalu am'midzi adzawatenga ndikuwabisa.
