Waxwing (Bombycilla) ndi mbalame ya m'banja la monotypic la waxwings (Bombycillidae), lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu itatu. Nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, ma waxwings anali am'mabanja a Silika, koma tsopano ndioyimira banja losiyana la Ptilogonatidae.
Kufotokozera waxwings
Waxwing - mbalame ndizochepa kukula, koma zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino komanso wowonekera... Masiku ano, mitundu isanu ndi inayi imadziwika ndikufotokozedwa, ndikupanga mabanja angapo: zopukutira silky ndi zokutira. M'mbuyomu, mitundu yonse isanu ndi inayi iyi inali ya banja limodzi. Mbalame zonse zamtundu wa Passeriformes ndi banja la Wormwing zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino, koma mawonekedwe azakugonana mwa mbalamezi sadziwika bwino.
Kuyimba ma waxwings kumafanana ndi kanyimbi kotchedwa "sviriri-ri-ri-ri" kapena "sviriri-sviriri", komwe kumafanana kwambiri ndi kulira kwa chitoliro, komwe kudadzetsa dzina lachilendo pamtunduwu. Kuthamanga kwa nthumwi za banja lokhalokha la waxwings kumakhala kolunjika komanso kofulumira mokwanira.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikuposa 18-23 cm, wokhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 55-68. The waxwings ali ndi Kowoneka bwino pa mutu. Mtundu wake ndi wa imvi, wokhala ndi mapiko akuda, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu ndi yoyera. Mchira, dera lakhosi ndi mzere wopyola m'maso ndi wakuda. Malangizo a nthenga zachiwiri zouluka amawoneka ngati timapepala tating'onoting'ono tofiira tomwe timasiyanitsidwa pakangoyang'aniridwa. Mzere wachikaso wowonekera kwambiri umadutsa m'mphepete mwa mchira, ndipo pamapiko pali mzere wopapatiza wa zoyera.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zosiyana zakunja. Amur, kapena Japan waxwing (Bombysilla jaronise) ndi mbalame yaying'ono yanyimbo yokhala ndi thupi lokwanira masentimita 15-16. Ili ndi nsonga zofiira za nthenga za mchira ndi mapiko ofiira. American, kapena mkungudza waxwing (Bombysilla cedrŠ¾rum) imakhala ndi utoto wowala pang'ono komanso wowonekera, ndipo waxwing wamba (Bombysilla gŠ°rrulus) imakhala ndi nthenga yofewa, makamaka bulauni yokhala ndi zolemba zakuda ndi zachikasu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Achinyamata asanafike molt woyamba kugwa ndi ofiira-ofiira, okhala ndi mimba yoyera ndi yoyera, ndipo nthenga za nkhuku zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mabokosi amtundu ndi mtundu wachikaso pamchira ndi mapiko.
Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi waufupi komanso wokulirapo, wofanana ndi mlomo wa wogwira ntchentche, wokhala ndi mandible wowongoka komanso pamwamba pokhotakhota pang'ono pa mandible. Miyendo ya mbalameyo ndi yolimba, yokhala ndi zikhadabo zopindika, zomwe zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zigwire nthambi, koma osati kuyenda mwachangu. Mchira ndi wamfupi. Pali nthenga za mchira zazitali chimodzimodzi. Mapiko a mbalame ndi ataliatali, ndi nsonga yopangidwa ndi nthenga yoyamba yachitatu ndi nthenga yoyambira yoyamba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Waxwing nthawi zambiri amakhala mbalame yokhazikika, koma panthawi yobereketsa, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakonda kukhala ndi ziweto zambiri, zomwe zimasamukira mwamphamvu kukafunafuna chakudya chochuluka. Mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi molt imodzi yokha mchaka, yomwe mwa achikulire imachitika mu Okutobala ndi Novembala. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasungunuka mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, zimayamba kusintha zovala zawo za nkhuku m'nyengo yoyamba yozizira mzaka khumi zapitazi.
Zitsanzo za Seputembala za nthumwi za banja lokhalokha la waxwings kale panthawiyi zimakhala ndi chidutswa chamtundu wakuda pakhosi. Poyamba nyengo yophukira, nthenga zochepa zimachokamo, ndipo mchira ndi nthenga zoyambirira sizisintha mpaka chaka chamawa.
Kodi waxwing amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Waxwing ndi m'modzi mwa abale apafupi kwambiri a mpheta wamba, ndipo nthawi yayitali ya mbalame yotere m'malo ake achilengedwe ili pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Waxworms nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu ukapolo, koma mbalame zotere zimakhala zoweta kwambiri.... Ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro, moyo wa chiweto choyimba chotere ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Amur, kapena Japan waxwing, ndi nzika yakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia. M'dziko lathu, mbalame zoterezi ndizofala m'chigawo cha Amur komanso kumpoto kwa Primorye. Kwa nyengo yozizira, Japan waxwing imasamukira ku Japan ndi Korea, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China. American, kapena mkungudza waxwing, amakhala m'mapiri a Canada ndi kumpoto kwa United States of America.
Malo ozizira a mbalamezi ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amafikira kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Central America, ndipo ma waxwings amapita kumadera akumwera a Ukraine, kudera la Crimea, North Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia. Kawirikawiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Volga ndi m'mphepete mwa Urals, m'dera la Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, komanso Kazakhstan ndi Kyrgyzstan.
Ndizosangalatsa! Biotope imayimilidwa makamaka ndimalo a coniferous ndi birch m'nkhalango-tundra kapena taiga, wopangidwa ndi pine ndi spruce, birch, koma kum'mawa kwa Siberia ma waxwings adadziwika nthawi yazisumbu m'nkhalango ya larch.
Waxwing wamba wafalikira kwambiri m'chigawo cha nkhalango za taiga ku Northern Hemisphere. Mbalame za banja lino zimakhala mdera laling'ono la conifers komanso madera osakanikirana a nkhalango, m'mapiri audzu, komanso m'malo ophulika. Kusamukira kwa mbalame kumwera kumachitika kulikonse osati koyambirira kuposa nyengo yozizira yozizira kapena chipale chofewa.
Pafupifupi kulikonse kuponyera timiyala kumachoka kumaiko akutali osati kale kuposa pakati mwezi woyamba kugwa. Gulu lalikulu la mbalame zimapezeka kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka theka loyamba la dzinja. Kusuntha kwa masika kumpoto, monga lamulo, kumakwaniritsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Amur, kapena ma waxwings aku Japan, amadya makamaka pazakudya zamasamba monga zipatso ndi zipatso. M'chaka, mbalame zazing'ono zoterezi zimagwiritsa ntchito masamba a chakudya, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, chakudya choyambirira cha mbalame chimaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mbalame zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'magulu akulu, nthawi zambiri zimagwira tizilombo pa ntchentche, zimadyanso mphutsi ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazomera.
Kuyambira mbewu za mabulosi a chilimwe, mbalame zimakonda viburnum, lingonberry ndi mistletoe. Mbalamezi zimadyanso zipatso za hawthorn, zipatso za ku Siberia, juniper, rosehip ndi buckthorn. M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, gulu la mbalame nthawi zambiri limapezeka m'midzi yapakatikati ya dziko lathu, komwe amadya zipatso za rowan.
Kubereka ndi ana
Waxwing wamba, womwe umapezeka kwambiri m'malo akulu komanso mu biotopes zosiyanasiyana, zisa m'mitengo yotseguka, pamitengo yokhwima... Mbalamezi zimakula msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi. Nyengo yayikulu yogona amatenga kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Kumtunda kwa mitengo, mbalame zazikulu zimamanga chisa chooneka ngati mbale. Kuti apeze chisa chodalirika, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito udzu, tsitsi, moss ndi nthambi za ma conifers. Chotayira chisa chimakhala ndi ndere yofewa komanso yofewa yokhala ndi khungwa la birch, ndipo nthawi zina mumakhala singano zamkungudza. Nthawi zambiri, gawo lamphepete mwa nkhalango limagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mazira, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndi magulu ena azisamba.
Chaka chilichonse waxwing akuyang'ana mnzake watsopano. Kukhala pachibwenzi chamwamuna ndi wamkazi kumaphatikizanso kudyetsa zipatso zake. Mkazi amaikira mazira anayi mpaka asanu ndi amodzi a mtundu waimvi ndi zotuwa zakuda. Kuikira dzira kumakwiriridwa ndi akazi okha kwa milungu ingapo. Pakadali pano, champhongo chimasamalira chakudya, chomwe chitha kuyimilidwa ndi tizilombo komanso zipatso za zipatso za mabulosi. Mwana amene wabadwa amadziyimira pawokha pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ogasiti ndi nthawi yakukweza anapiye onse obadwa mchaka chamapiko ndikupanga gulu lanyengo yachisanu.
Amur, kapena ma waxwings aku Japan okhala m'malo a larch ndi mkungudza, ndipo nthawi yoswana imachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja. Kuikira mazira, mkazi wamtundu uwu amamanga chisa chaching'ono, chomwe, mwalamulo, chimakhala pamitengo yakunja yopyapyala ya mitengo yayitali. Mzimayi amalowetsa chisa chomalizidwa ndi ulusi wazomera. Chilango chimodzi choterechi chili ndi mazira awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri amtundu wabuluu. Njira yakukhalirayi imatenga pafupifupi sabata limodzi, ndipo nthawi yonseyi ya ana imatha kukhala masiku 16-24. Mbalame zonse ziwirizi zimadyetsa anapiyewo.
Adani achilengedwe
Mbalame zaphokoso masiku ano ndizomwe zimapatsa chakudya nyama zambiri zakutchire ndi mbalame zodya nyama, chifukwa chake, mbalame zotere zimachita gawo lofunikira pakudya kwachilengedwe. Adani akulu a ma waxwings amaimiridwa ndi martens, weasels ndi akabawi, magpies ndi akhwangwala, komanso akadzidzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Gawo lalikulu la mitunduyi lilibe mtundu woteteza, chifukwa chake mbalame zazikulu zowala nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama ya adani, ndipo mazira amadyedwa mwachangu ndi nthumwi za asilavidi ndi agologolo.
Mbalame zazing'ono, za mitundu itatu ya banja lokhalokha la waxwings, zimawononga tizilombo todwalitsa tambirimbiri, komanso zimathandiza kuti anthu ambiri asawonjezeke. Mwazina, kupukutira phula ndi amodzi mwa omwe amagulitsa mbewu zambiri ndikuthandizira kufalitsa mbewu zina.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya phula siliphunziridwa bwino pakadali pano, koma malinga ndi IUCN, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zotere ndizochulukirapo, chifukwa chake chikhalidwe chake sichingayambitse nkhawa asayansi. Komabe, mpaka pano, Amwing waxwing imaphatikizidwa m'masamba a Red Book.
Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kudathandizidwa ndi kugwidwa kosalamulirika kwa anthu omwe amathawira nthawi yachisanu ku China, komwe mbalame zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphikira mbale zosiyanasiyana kapena zimasungidwa ngati ziweto zokongoletsera nthenga.
