Modabwitsa komanso mokongola ocelot zimawoneka ngati zachifumu. Nyamayi yodabwitsa kwambiri ikufanana kwambiri ndi nyalugwe yemwe wachepa kwambiri. Nzosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amakonda ocelot, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake ndi osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa, chifukwa chake anthu adatha kuweta mphakawu, ndikupanga chiweto. Zochepa ndizodziwika bwino za ocelot wodabwitsa yemwe amakhala kuthengo, tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ake, zizolowezi zake ndi moyo wake mwatsatanetsatane.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ocelot
Ocelot si chilombo chachikulu kwambiri cha banja lachiweto. Dzinalo, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, limatanthauza "kambuku wa kambuku". Maonekedwe a nyama izi ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pakuwonekera kwawo ndi kukula. Palinso mtundu wina wamasulira a dzina "ocelot", umachokera kuchinenero cha Amwenye achi Aztec ndipo amatanthauza "kambuku wam'munda", ngakhale kuti mdani uyu amapewa kukhazikika m'malo otseguka.
Osati kale kwambiri, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ma feline adawonekera zaka 25 miliyoni zapitazo, komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi, mtundu wina udayikidwa ndikuvulaza chiyambi cha feline. Tsopano akatswiri akunena kuti amphaka adapezeka kudera la Asia pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni khumi ndi chimodzi zapitazo.
Kanema: Ocelot
Choyamba chinali kuwonekera kwa amphaka akulu (kuchokera pagulu la ma panther), kenako - ang'onoang'ono, omwe ocelot amakhudzana nawo. Mwambiri, pali ma subspecies angapo pakati pa ma ocelots, omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake, choyambirira, ndi malo omwe atumizidwa kwamuyaya, ndipo kunja kwake kuli pafupifupi kofanana.
Mwachidule, ocelot amatha kutchedwa china chake pakati pa kambuku ndi mphaka wamba. Poyerekeza ndi amphaka wamba, ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Mwamuna wokhwima amafika kutalika kuposa mita (130 cm), ndipo mkazi - pafupifupi masentimita 80. Mchira wa ocelots wautali wokulirapo kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 cm kutalika. Unyinji wamwamuna ndi pafupifupi 15 kg, ndipo akazi ndi 10.
Ichi ndi nyama yamphamvu kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa phewa la mphaka wamkulu kumafika theka la mita. Kukula kwa chiboliboli kungafanane ndi galu wamkulu, monga m'busa waku Germany. Chifukwa chake, mphaka uwu ndiwosangalatsa kukula kwake.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal ocelot
Thupi la ocelot ndi lokongola, koma lamphamvu komanso lolimba. Mapazi ndi olimba komanso ozungulira, ndipo miyendoyo ndi yamphamvu komanso yayitali. Pakhosi lalitali pamakhala mutu waudongo, wopindika pang'ono, pomwe makutu ozungulira amakhala owoneka bwino. Maso a chilombocho ndi ofotokozera, ozama komanso opendekeka pang'ono. Amakhala amtundu wakuda ndipo amawonekera pankhope ndi mawonekedwe akuda kwambiri. Nsonga ya mphuno ya amphakawa ndi pinki.
Mtundu wa malaya a ocelot ndi ntchito yonse zaluso. Mwinamwake, mwa amphaka onse, ndiye wokongola kwambiri komanso wosamvetsetseka. Mtundu waukulu wamthupi ndi golide beige, pamimba ndi mkati mwa khosi nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala. Mawanga owala (rosettes) mthupi lonse amapanga mawonekedwe osiyana siyana.
Mzere wa mawangawo ndi wakuda kwambiri (pafupifupi wakuda), ndipo mkati mwake amakhala ndi mthunzi wowala, womwe ndi wakuda kuposa kamvekedwe ka thupi, chifukwa chake umaonekera bwino mosiyana ndi mbiri yake. Mikwingwirima iwiri yowala imakwera kuchokera m'maso otchulidwa, khosi ndi masaya a ocelot nawonso alimbidwa bwino. Ma specks akuda amapezeka paliponse pamapazi. Mchira wa chilombocho uli ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: makutu a ocelot ndi akuda pamwamba ndi kachitsotso koyera pakati, komanso mkati mwake mwayera. Kutali, mawanga awa m'makutu atha kulakwitsa chifukwa cha maso, motero malingaliro asayansi pankhaniyi adagawika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti amathandiza ana amphaka kuti azicheza ndi amayi awo, akumuwona patsogolo pake. Ena amati ocelots amagwiritsa ntchito utoto wamakutu ngati chinyengo chanzeru kupusitsa komanso kunyenga nyama zina.
Dongosolo lomwe lili pankhope ndi thupi limatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a ocelot; amphaka ena, maziko onse a thupi ali ndi khungu loyera. Mosasamala kanthu za izi, mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa zodabwitsa izi umangolodza ndi zokongola komanso zokongola, zokopa ndi zokongoletsa zamatsenga zowoneka bwino.
Kodi ocelot amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa Ocelot
Ocelot ndi nzika yakomweko ku America, kumwera ndi pakati.
Ikhoza kupezeka m'magawo:
- Brazil;
- Argentina;
- Bolivia;
- Ecuador;
- Mexico;
- USA;
- Peru;
- Venezuela;
- Paraguay;
- Colombia.
Akatswiri a Zoologist akuwona kuti malire akumpoto kwambiri amtundu wa ocelot amadutsa kudera la America ku Texas. Ngakhale m'mbuyomu, ma ocelots amakhalanso m'mayikowa ku United States monga Arkansas, Louisiana, Arizona, ndiye kuti amphakawa anali ochuluka kwambiri. Tsopano zitsanzo zina zimadutsa malire a Mexico ndikuwonekera ku Arizona, koma izi ndizokha.
Nyama zokongola zimenezi zomwe zili ndi udzu wouma mwachisawawa zasankha malo oyandikana ndi mtsinje wa Amazon, wokutidwa ndi nkhalango yowirira, yolimba, momwe amphaka amakhala omasuka. Ocelot amatha kukhazikika m'madambo otentha, komanso nkhalango za mangrove ndi madambo. Nyamayo imakonda udzu wobiriwira ndipo imasankha malo amene ndi ochuluka.
Ma Ocelots nawonso awonedwa pamalo okwera kwambiri (pafupifupi 4 km) ku Andes, ngakhale samakonda kukwera pamwamba pa 1.5 km. Ndizovuta kuti munthu wamba aone chilombo m'chipululu, chifukwa amapeza nkhalango zosadutsa komwe amakhala komwe munthu sangadutse. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiwodzibisa kwambiri, ndipo kusamala ndi kubisalira ndiye mawonekedwe ake achiwiri.
Kodi ocelot amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa Ocelot
Ocelot, choyambirira, ndi chilombo, chifukwa chake machesi ake amafanana, kuyambira pamenepo Popeza kuti si chilombo chachikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti nyama yake siyasiyana pamiyeso ikuluikulu.
Menyu ya paka ili ndi:
- Anyani ang'onoang'ono;
- Mitundu yonse ya mbewa;
- Buluzi ndi Njoka;
- Nthenga;
- Tizilombo;
- Otsatira;
- Ophika buledi;
- Nsomba.
Ngati mphaka ali ndi njala, amatha kumenya bulu ndi nkhumba zoweta, koma izi ndizochepa. Dzuwa limatha kusaka kwa maora ambiri, mosamala mosamala mwamunayo pomubisalira. Posaka nyama zazikulu, ocelot amabisala pamutu wa mitengo, kufunafuna nyama yochokera kumwamba, ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono, nthawi zambiri amatsogolera kuzitsamba zowirira. Alibe chipiriro pankhaniyi.
Ocelot amaukira mwachangu mphezi kuti nyamayo isakhale ndi nthawi yobwereranso, ndikulumphira kamodzi imagwetsa wovulalayo ndikumumenya ndi khosi. Kumvetsera mwatcheru, maso owoneka bwino komanso kununkhira bwino kumathandiza ocelot kusaka nthawi yamadzulo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: chinthu chosazolowereka cha mphaka uwu ndi kapangidwe ka mano ake, omwe sanapangidwe kuti azidya chakudya bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, ma ocelots amang'amba wovulalayo ndi mano awo ndikuwayamwa kwathunthu, kungowameza.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chocheperako chofunikira kwa nyama yonyamula mustachioed patsiku ndi magalamu 500. Ocelot amadya nyama yaying'ono kuchokera kumutu, ndipo yayikulu imayamba kudya kuchokera pagawo lofewa kwambiri, ndikung'amba zidutswa zonse, zomwe imameza yonse. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma ocelots ogwidwa kundende amadyetsa chimodzimodzi ndi kuthengo. Nthawi zina chakudya champhaka chokha chimapezeka pazosaka nyama zoweta.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal ocelot
Ocelots amakonda kukhala motalikirana, ndikupanga awiriawiri pokhapokha pakakwatirana. Ndi nyama zokhazikika zomwe zili ndi magawo awo, malire omwe amawalemba mosamala kuti asalowerere alendo. Wamwamuna wamkulu wavala malo okwana 30 kilomita lalikulu, mwa mkazi ndi theka kukula. Nthawi zambiri katundu wa mphaka m'modzi amakhala ndi magawo angapo azimayi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: ma ocelots amasambira bwino ndikukwera osati mitengo yokhayokha, komanso mapiri otsetsereka.
Nyalugwe zazing'ono izi zimamva bwino, kuwona komanso kununkhiza. Ocelots amatha kulankhulana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu. Nthawi zina amangocheza ma velvet feline meow awo, ndipo munyengo yaukwati amatulutsa mfuu mokweza, kufunafuna mayi wamtima. Mwachilengedwe, chilolezo chatsekedwa komanso chobisalira, amapewa anthu m'njira zonse zotheka, posankha malo opitilira moyo wake. Nyama izi ndizolimba kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo zimasamala, zimayesetsa kuti zisasokoneze maso a nyama zina, kubisala pakukula kwakukulu.
Ziweto zomwe zimawonongeka zimayamba kusaka nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo dzuwa liziwala zimazizira m'nkhalango zowirira, panthambi kapena m'maenje akuya a mitengo. Ocelot amakhala theka la nthawi yosaka masana, pomwe amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kufunafuna nyama, akumva kulira pang'ono ndi kunjenjemera kwa omwe angamugwire, chifukwa mphaka ali ndi chida chomvera chomvera kwambiri.
Ndevu za ocelot, monga tinyanga tolimba kwambiri, zimamuthandiza kuyenda mosavuta kulikonse ndipo amayenda mwakachetechete komanso mokongola, kudutsa pamiyala ndi ming'alu yamiyala. Nthawi yamoyo wa mwana wamoyo wokhala kuthengo ndi pafupifupi zaka 14, ndipo kuweta anthu, mosamala bwino, atha kukhala moyo kwa kotala la zana limodzi.
Ma ocelots omwe amakhala kunyumba ndiwanzeru, otakataka ndipo ndimasewera. Zosangalatsa zawo ndizokumbutsa zamasewera agalu, amakonda kunyamula ndikubweretsa mpira m'mano mwawo, kuyenda pa leash sikuwasokoneza konse, amakonda kusambira padziwe kapena madzi ena aliwonse. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa maubwenzi olimba ndi ziweto zina ndizosowa kwa ocelot, chifukwa ndi chikhalidwe chake chachikazi amakhala wodziyimira pawokha ndipo sakonda mpikisano.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wamphaka wa Ocelot
Akazi okhwima ogonana a ocelots amayandikira zaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo amuna - awiri ndi theka. Zoyambazi sizikhala ndi nthawi yapadera yokomera, koma nthawi zambiri maukwati amachitika mwachangu kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. Nthawi zambiri, azimayi amakhala oyamba kuyamba kufunafuna abambo awo, ndikumayankhula mokweza ndikumadziyitanira okha, omwe amayankha kuitana ndikufuula mokweza. Mkazi amamenya yamphongo ndi zikhomo zake zamphamvu kuti ayambe kukwatira. Kutalika kwa mimba ndi pafupifupi masiku 80.
Mayi woyembekezerayo akukonzekeretsa ana ake malo okhala. Ikhoza kupezeka m dzenje lalikulu, phanga lobisika, kapena tchire lokhathamira kwambiri. Mzimayi amapanga zofunda zofewa kuchokera ku ubweya wake, zomwe amang'amba pamimba pake. Ocelot imatha kukhala ndi ana 1 mpaka 4, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala m'modzi kapena awiri. Amphaka amabadwa kale atavala ubweya, womwe ndi wamdima wakuda kuposa wa makolo awo, koma ali akhungu kwathunthu, kulemera kwa ana obadwa kumene kumafikira magalamu 250. Mayi wosamala amawasamalira ndi mkaka wake kwa miyezi itatu. Pakatha pafupifupi masabata atatu, maso a mphaka amatseguka.
Chosangalatsa: ma ocelots amphongo amathandizira akazi kulera ana. Amabweretsa chakudya chake kudzenje ndikutchinjiriza malo okhala kwa adani ena.
Ana amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo atangotsala pang'ono miyezi itatu ndi pomwe amasiya kaye pogona. Kenako mayi kapena makolo onse amayamba kukokera nyama zing'onozing'ono kudzenje, kuwaphunzitsa ana kusaka, ndipo posakhalitsa amatenga ana okalamba kupita nawo kukafunafuna chakudya, ndikuwaphunzitsira maluso onse ofunikira. Amphaka amakhala ndi amayi awo kwanthawi yayitali ndipo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi ziwiri amayamba kufunafuna gawo lawo lokhalamo.
Adani achilengedwe a ocelot
Chithunzi: Wild Ocelot
Ocelot si chilombo chachikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake adani ake kuthengo ndi achikulire. Choyamba, awa ndi ma cougars ndi jaguar, ndi amphamvu kwambiri, aukali komanso olimba, chifukwa chake kulimbana pakati pawo ndi ocelot nthawi zambiri kumatha ndikumwalira kwa omaliza. Zinyama zazing'ono zimaopsezedwa ndi caimans, boas ndi anacondas. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa okalamba, machitidwe monga kudya anzawo amapangika, ngati wachinyamata wosazindikira, wofooka, wachinyamata amatha kukhala mnzawo wa wachibale wawo wamkulu komanso wamphamvu.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira izi, koma mdani wofunikira kwambiri komanso wowopsa wa ocelot ndi munthu. Posachedwa, ocelot adasakidwa mwachangu ndi alenje chifukwa cha ubweya wake wokongola komanso wamtengo wapatali. Only mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ocelots anaphedwa, komanso zolusa anagulitsidwa moyo ndalama zochuluka. Zikopa mazana mazana zikwi za nyama yokongolazi zidatumizidwa ku United States mosaloledwa, malaya amoto omwe amawononga pafupifupi madola zikwi makumi anayi panthawiyo.
Choopsezanso china kwa ma ocelots ndikulowa kwa anthu m'malo awo okhazikika ndikuwononga nyama zomwe mphaka wamtchire amasaka. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti ocelot atsala pang'ono kutha, tsopano zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Chachikulu ndichakuti njira yabwinoyi kwa anthu amtunduwu ikupitilizabe mtsogolo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa Ocelot
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma ocelots anachitidwa chiwonongeko chambiri, malonda a chilombo chokongolachi adakula. Zikopa zonse zanyama ndi anthu amoyo omwe, omwe adadziwika pakati pa okonda zachilendo, adayamikiridwa.
Makumi asanu ndi awiri a m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi awiri amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ocelots kuchepa kwambiri, panthawiyo amatha kutha padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake adaphatikizidwa mu Red Book, kutenga njira zodzitetezera kwa mitundu yodabwitsa ya feline. Tsopano kusaka nyamazi ndikosaloledwa, kugulitsa ma ocelots ndikuletsedwanso, koma zochitika zosaloledwa zikuchitikabe, ngakhale sizikukula kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha ocelots chawonjezeka, tsopano chinyama ichi sichiri pachiwopsezo chowopsa cha chiwonongeko monga kale, koma ziwetozi sizikulirakulira. Chiwerengero cha amphaka amtchirewa, ngakhale sichimathamanga kwambiri, chikucheperachepera pang'onopang'ono.
Akatswiri a zinyama amakhulupirira kuti malo ochuluka kwambiri a ocelots amapezeka m'nkhalango ya Amazonia. M'zaka za m'ma 90, adayesa kuwerengera anthu, koma deta ya izi ndi yosiyana, malinga ndi iwo chiwerengero cha ma ocelots panthawiyo chinali pakati pa zinyama 800,000 mpaka 3 miliyoni, uku ndikufalikira kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro.
Chitetezo cha Ocelot
Chithunzi: Ocelot Red Book
Monga tanenera kale, ocelot adawonjezeranso pamndandanda wazinyama zomwe zidaphatikizidwa mu Red Book zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kunayandikira kwambiri chifukwa chakukula kwakusaka mwamphamvu. Lamulo loletsa kwambiri linakhazikitsidwa pakusaka ndi kugulitsa zikopa ndi zopangira ubweya kuchokera ku ocelot. Kuphatikiza pa njira zoletsa zomwe tatchulazi, anthu adayamba kupanga madera otetezedwa, malo osungira nyama, pomwe nyama imaberekanso bwino.
Zonsezi zachititsa kuti ocelot, yemwe kwa nthawi yayitali anali pansi pa chiweto chovuta kwambiri, adapeza udindo watsopano, tsopano, malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature, kuyambira 2008 amadziwika kuti "wowopsezedwa kwambiri". Ngakhale zonsezi, kuchuluka kwa ma ocelots kukucheperabe, chifukwa kusaka kobisika kukupitilizabe, ndipo madera ambiri okhalamo nyama awonongedwa ndi anthu.
Anthu akuyenera kuyimitsa kudula kosalamulirika kwa nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndikusalowererapo kudera lamapiri komwe kumakhala anthu ambiri oimira nyama, chifukwa pamodzi ndi madera a nkhalango amawononga osati mapapu a dziko lathu lapansi, komanso nyama zambiri zosowa, kuphatikiza ma ocelots okongola kwambiri.
Pomaliza, zikadali zowonjezera kuti ocelot - Wamatsenga weniweni yemwe amakopa ndikulodza matsenga amachitidwe ake apadera komanso maso akuya, owoneka bwino, amphongo.Sizinali zopanda pake kuti Salvador Dali mwiniwake anali ndi chiweto chotere chotchedwa Babou, chomwe chinamukongoletsa ndi chisomo chake ndi chithumwa. Kale mu Iguputo ndi Peru, chilombo anali mulungu, anthu ankalambira ocelot, kulemekeza iye osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, komanso chifukwa cha kusamala kwake, mphamvu ndi kupanda mantha. Ndibwino kuti anthu agwidwa munthawi yake ndikwanitsa kuteteza kutha kwa nyama zolusa zodabwitsa izi. Tsopano tikhoza kungokhulupirira kuti mibadwo yambiri ya anthu idzasilira ndi kusilira mawonekedwe ake apamwamba komanso apadera.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 15:07
