Bakha waku Africa (Oxyura maccoa) ndi wa banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes. Tanthauzo la 'maccoa' limachokera ku dzina la dera la 'Macau' ku China ndipo sizolondola chifukwa bakha ndi mtundu wa abakha omwe amapezeka kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa koma osati ku Asia.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa bakha waku Africa.
Bakha wa ku Africa ndi bakha womira pamadzi wokhala ndi mchira wakuda wolimba, womwe umagwira pafupi ndi madzi kapena kuunyamula. Kukula kwa thupi masentimita 46 - 51. Awa ndi mtundu wokha wa abakha omwe ali ndi mchira wosakhazikika m'derali. Yaimuna yomwe ikuswana nthenga ili ndi mulomo wabuluu. Nthenga za thupi ndi mabokosi. Mutu ndi mdima. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna kunja kwa nthawi yogona amakhala ndi mulomo wofiirira wakuda, pakhosi lowala ndi nthenga zofiirira za thupi ndi mutu, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yotumbululuka pansi pa maso. Palibe mitundu ina yofanana ndi bakha mkati mwake.
Kufalitsa bakha waku Africa.
Bakha amakhala osiyanasiyana. Anthu akumpoto afalikira ku Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya ndi Tanzania. Komanso ku Congo, Lesotho, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda.
Anthu akumwera amapezeka ku Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa ndi Zimbabwe. South Africa ndi kwawo kwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya abakha kuyambira anthu 4500-5500.
Makhalidwe a bakha waku Africa.
Bakha wamphongo kwambiri amakhala, koma atakhalira mazira, amayenda pang'ono pofunafuna malo okhala nthawi yadzuwa. Abakha amtunduwu samayenda mtunda wopitilira 500 km.
Kuswana ndi kudzala kwa bakha wa ku Africa.
Ankhamba amaberekera ku South Africa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Epulo, pachimake m'nyengo yamvula kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Novembala. Kuberekana kumpoto kwamtunduwu kumachitika m'miyezi yonse, ndipo, mwachizolowezi, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
Mbalame m'malo okhala ndi zisa zimakhazikika m'magulu awiri kapena magulu ochepa, okhala ndi anthu 30 pa mahekitala 100.
Wamphongo amateteza malo pafupifupi 900 mita lalikulu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti amayang'anira madera omwe akazi angapo amakhala nthawi imodzi, abakha mpaka asanu ndi atatu, ndipo akazi amasamalira kuswana. Wamphongo amathamangitsa amuna ena, ndipo amakopa akazi kumalo ake. Ma Drakes amapikisana pamtunda ndi m'madzi, mbalame zimalimbana wina ndi mnzake ndikumenya ndi mapiko awo. Amuna amawonetsa malo ndi zochitika zawo kwa miyezi yosachepera inayi. Zazimayi zimamanga chisa, kuikira mazira ndi kukulira, ana amchere otsogolera. Nthawi zina, abakha amagona chisa chimodzi, ndipo wamkazi m'modzi yekha amakola, kuwonjezera apo, bakha waku Africa amaikira mazira m'misasa yamitundu ina ya bakha. Nesting parasitism ndizofala kwambiri ku bakha waku Africa, abakha amaponyera mazira kwa abale awo okha, amagonanso zisa za abakha abulauni, atsekwe aku Egypt, ndikumira m'madzi. Chisa chimamangidwa ndi chachikazi mu zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga bango, katchi kapena sedge. Chimawoneka ngati mbale yayikulu ndipo chimapangidwa ndi masamba obisika amawu kapena bango, omwe amakhala masentimita 8 mpaka 23 pamwamba pamadzi.
Nthawi zina zisa za bakha zaku Africa mu zisa zakale za kakhola (Fulik cristata) kapena amamanga chisa chatsopano pachisa chosiyidwa cha grebe. Pali mazira 2-9 mu clutch, dzira lililonse limayikidwa limodzi kapena masiku awiri oswa. Ngati mazira opitilira asanu ndi anayi ayikidwa mchisa (mpaka 16 adalembedwa), izi ndi zotsatira zakuwononga kwachisala kwa akazi ena. Mkazi amafungatira kwa masiku 25-27 atamaliza zowalamulira. Amakhala pafupifupi 72% ya nthawi yake pachisa ndikutaya mphamvu zambiri. Asanaikire mazira, bakha amayenera kudzikundikira mafuta pansi pa khungu, omwe amapitilira 20% ya kulemera kwake. Kupanda kutero, chachikazi sichimatha kupirira nthawi yakusakaniza, ndipo nthawi zina chimasiya zowalamulira.
Amphaka amasiya chisa atangochoka kumene ndipo amatha kusambira ndi kusambira. Bakha amakhala ndi anawo kwa milungu ina iwiri kapena iwiri. Poyamba, imakhala pafupi ndi chisa ndipo imakhala usiku ndi anapiye pamalo okhazikika. Pakati pa nyengo yodzala, abakha okhala ndi mitu yoyera ku Africa amapanga gulu la anthu pafupifupi 1000.
Malo okhala bakha waku Africa.
Bakha amakhala m'madzi amchere osakhalitsa komanso osakhalitsa am'nyanja m'nyengo yobereketsa, posankha omwe ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono komanso zinthu zachilengedwe, komanso masamba omwe akutuluka monga mabango ndi ma cattails. Malo oterewa ndi abwino kwambiri kukaikira mazira. Duckweed amakonda madera okhala ndi matope ndi zitsamba zochepa chifukwa izi zimapatsa thanzi zakudya. Bakha amakhalanso ndi zitsime zakuyikamo monga mayiwe ang'ono pafupi ndi minda ku Namibia ndi mayiwe a zimbudzi. Bakha wamutu woyera wopanda mutu waku Africa amayenda pambuyo pa nyengo yoswana m'madzi akulu, akuya komanso madamu amchere. Pakasungunuka, abakha amakhala m'madzi akulu kwambiri.
Kudya bakha.
Bakha amadyetsa makamaka nyama zopanda mafupa, kuphatikizapo mphutsi, tubifex, daphnia ndi molluscs ang'onoang'ono amchere. Amadyanso ndere, mbewu za knotweed, ndi mizu ya zomera zina zam'madzi. Chakudyachi chimapezeka ndi abakha akamauluka pamadzi kapena kutola kuchokera kumagawo a benthic. Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa bakha wa ku Africa.
Pakadali pano, ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuwopseza bakha waku Africa sikumveka bwino.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa, chifukwa mtunduwu umadyetsa makamaka nyama zopanda mafupa ndipo, chifukwa chake, umakhala pachiwopsezo chazambiri zakuipitsa kuposa mitundu ina ya bakha. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi ngalande ndi kutembenuka kwa madambo ndiwonso kowopsa paulimi, chifukwa kusintha kwakanthawi kwamadzi komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo monga kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za kuswana. Pali anthu ambiri omwe amamwalira mwangozi chifukwa cha ma gill. Kusaka ndi kusaka nyama, kupikisana ndi nsomba zopezeka pansi kumawopseza malo okhala.
Njira zoteteza chilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Pofuna kuteteza bakha, madambo ofunikira ayenera kutetezedwa kuti asawonongeke kapena kusandulika malo okhala. Zomwe zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa madzi m'madzi ambiri ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Pewani kuwombera mbalame. Chepetsani kusintha kwa malo mukamaitanitsa mbewu zachilengedwe. Unikani momwe mpikisano umachokera kuulimi wa nsomba m'madzi. Mtundu wa bakha wotetezedwa ku Botswana uyenera kuwunikiridwa ndikuvomerezedwa m'maiko ena komwe bakha sanatetezedwe pakadali pano. Pali chiwopsezo chachikulu kumalo okhala zamoyozi m'malo omwe pali zomangamanga zowonjezeredwa zokhala ndi madamu m'minda yamaulimi.
