Bakha la Chimandarini (Aix galericulata) ndi kambalame kakang'ono ka mtundu wa abakha a m'nkhalango komanso banja la bakha. Bakha la Chimandarini anafalikira ku Far East, koma mitundu iyi idakwanitsanso ku Ireland, California ndi Ireland. Mayina achikale a bakha la chimandarini ndi "Bakha wachi China" kapena "Bakha wa Chimandarini".
Kufotokozera za bakha la chimandarini
Bakha la Chimandarini ndi bakha wamng'ono yemwe amalemera makilogalamu 0.4-0.7. Kutalika kwamapiko a bakha wamkulu wa Chimandarini wamkulu msinkhu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 21.0-24.5. Chosangalatsa ndichovala chowala bwino komanso chokongola cha amuna, komanso kupezeka kwa khungu lokongola pamutu.
Maonekedwe
Ndizabwino kwambiri kuti bakha la chimandarini - uwu ndi bakha wokongola kwambiri komanso wowala zonse zomwe zilipo lero. Yemwe akuyimira banja la Duck amadziwika bwino motsutsana ndi bakha wamba wamtchire. Drakes ndi odabwitsa kwambiri, ndi nthenga zokongola modabwitsa, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi mitundu yoletsa komanso wamba kuthengo. Amuna ali ndi nthenga pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi mithunzi ya utawaleza, chifukwa chake mbalameyi yatchuka kwambiri komanso yatchuka ku China. Akazi sali owala ngati ma drake. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, koma osakhala "owoneka bwino", odzichepetsa komanso owoneka bwino. Mwazina, nthenga zowoneka bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbalame yayikulu pobisalira nthawi yakuswana ndi kuswana.
Mwa amuna, ndimitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitunduyo imaphatikizana konse ndipo siyisakanikirana, koma ili ndi malire omveka bwino. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola uku kumayimilidwa ndi mulomo wofiyira wowala kwambiri ndi miyendo ya lalanje. Kumbuyo kwazimayi kumakhala kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, pomwe kumutu kwake kuli kotuwa ndi utsi, ndipo gawo lonse lakumunsi limaperekedwa ndimayendedwe oyera. Pali kusintha pang'onopang'ono, kosalala kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ndi mithunzi. Mlomo wachikazi wachikulire ndi wobiriwira ngati azitona ndipo miyendo ndi yofiira lalanje. Pamutu pake chachimuna ndi chachikazi pali mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe abwino.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndichifukwa cha chiyambi ndi kuwala kwa nthenga za bakha la Chimandarini adapeza dzina lachilendo kwambiri. Kudera la China, Vietnam ndi Korea, akuluakulu olemekezeka kwambiri am'mbuyomu amatchedwa "Mandarin." Zovala za anthu olemera oterewa zidawonekera motsutsana ndi mbiri ya anthu wamba, sizinali zosiyana kokha kukongola kwapadera, komanso kukongola kwenikweni. Chovala cha abakha achimandarin chimabweretsa mayanjano ngati awa. Malinga ndi mtundu wina wamba, dzina loti "bakha wachi China", kapena "Bakha wa Chimandarini", adapezeka ndi mbalame chifukwa chakubala mwachangu ndikusunga m'mayiwe achifumu ndi malo osungira anthu achi China.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ma drakes amatulutsa molt nthawi yomweyo nyengo yachisanu isanafike, chifukwa chake, m'nyengo yozizira, amawoneka wamba komanso osawonekera, ndichifukwa chake alenje amawombera pafupipafupi.
Khalidwe ndi machitidwe
Kuwoneka kokongola komanso kosangalatsa sikokha kokha komwe kumayimira mtundu wa abakha m'nkhalango komanso banja la bakha. Mbalame yotere yomwe imawoneka koyambirira imatha kupanga mawu osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa. Kukhazikika kokweza kwa mitundu ina ya bakha kumasiyanitsa makamaka ndi kulira ndi mluzu kwa bakha la chimandarini. Monga lamulo, osati mbalame "yolankhula" sasiya kulankhulana ngakhale nthawi yobereka ndikulera ana.
Makhalidwe a "bakha waku China" atha kukhala chifukwa chonyamuka pafupifupi, komanso kuthekera kwa mbalameyo poyendetsa zinthu zovuta. Akuluakulu a mitunduyi amayenda momasuka kuchokera ku nthambi ina kupita ku ina. Bakha la chimandarini amasambira bwino, atakhala pamwamba pamadzi ndikuwonekera mchira wake. Komabe, bakha wotere samakonda kumira kwambiri, chifukwa chake imakonda kumira pansi pamadzi pokhapokha pakufunika, kuphatikiza kuvulala kwambiri kapena kukhala pachiwopsezo pamoyo.
Bakha la chimandarini ndi mbalame yamanyazi komanso yosadalirika, koma popita nthawi imatha kuzolowera anthu ndikulumikizana mosavuta ndi anthu, ndikukhala chiweto champhongo chofewa.
Moyo ndi moyo wautali
Nthawi zambiri, "bakha wachi China" amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yamapiri yomwe ikuyenda pafupi ndi nkhalango zambiri. Makhalidwe abwino a Chimandarini ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe nthambi zake zambiri zimapinda pamwamba pamadzi. Nkhalango zamapiri zokhala ndi mitsinje yoyenda, yakuya mokwanira komanso yotakata ndiyabwino kwambiri pamoyo wa mbalame yotere.
Bakha la chimandarini amatha kusambira bwino kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala pamiyala pafupi ndi madzi kapena pama nthambi amitengo. Kusaka bakha la chimandarini pakadali pano ndikoletsedwa pamalamulo, ndipo mwazinthu zina, mbalameyi idaphatikizidwa mu Red Book la dziko lathu ngati mtundu wosowa. Masiku ano, bakha a mandarin amabalidwa m'malo am'mapaki ngati mbalame zokongoletsa komanso zopanda ulemu, omwe amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi kotala la zana.
Pazachilengedwe, nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi bakha la chimandarini sikadutsa zaka khumi, ndipo pokonza zoweta, nthumwi zotere za bakha wamtchire ndi banja la bakha amatha kukhala moyo wautali, chifukwa chakusowa kwa nyama zolusa komanso kupewa kwakanthawi kwa matenda ena.
Habitat, malo okhala mandarins
Gawo loyambirira la bakha la chimandarini ndi malo okhala anthu ambiri oimira mtundu wa bakha wamnkhalango zili mdera la East Asia. M'dziko lathu, mbalame zokhala ndi nthenga zokongola modabwitsa makamaka mdera la Sakhalin ndi Amur, komanso zigawo za Khabarovsk ndi Primorsky. Anthu ochepa amtunduwu adakonza zokhalira ku Shikotan, komwe kumapangidwa malo owoneka bwino.
Kumpoto kwakatunduyu, bakha la Chimandarini ali mgulu la mbalame zomwe sizachilendo kwenikweni komanso zosamukasamuka. Monga lamulo, akuluakulu ndi achinyamata amachoka m'dera la Russia mzaka khumi zapitazi za Seputembala. Mbalame zimapita m'nyengo yozizira m'maiko otentha monga China ndi Japan. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti gawo la DPRK kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi silinali ndi anthu ambirimbiri a chimandarini, koma anthu ena amakhala pamenepo mosakhazikika nthawi yayitali.
Zakudya, bakha la mandarin amadya bwanji
Zakudya zovomerezeka za bakha la chimandarini zimatengera komwe malo azisala oimira mtundu wa bakha amapezeka. Mapawiri opangidwa abakha otere amakonda kukhazikika m'malo otetezedwa kwambiri okhala ndi masamba ambiri ndi matupi amadzi, chifukwa chake mbewu za mitundu yonse yazomera, kuphatikiza mitundu yam'madzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala maziko azakudya.
Chomwe chimakhala ndi bakha la chimandarini ndichakuti mbalame zotere zimakonda kwambiri ma acorn, omwe ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Chifukwa chokhala pafupi ndi malo am'madzi, "bakha wachi China" amatha kusiyanitsa zakudya zake zopanda kulemera kwambiri ndi chakudya chama protein, choyimiridwa ndi nkhono zam'madzi, caviar yamitundumitundu ndi mitundu ingapo yapakatikati yamitsinje. Ndi abakha achimandarin amasangalala kudya mitundu yonse ya zomera zam'madzi ndi zapadziko lapansi, komanso nyongolotsi.
Pakubala kwachakudya, zakudya za bakha la chimandarini wamkulu nthawi zambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi mbewu monga tirigu, balere, chimanga, mpunga ndi tirigu wina, komanso nyama yosungunuka ndi nsomba.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokwatirana ya abakha a Chimandarini ili mkatikati mwa masika, chakumapeto kwa Marichi ndi Epulo. Amuna okhwima panthawiyi amatha kumenyana okhaokha kuti akope akazi. Mabanja onse omwe amapangidwa munyengo yokhwima amakhala opitilira muyeso, otsalira m'moyo wonse wa "bakha waku China". Ngati m'modzi mwa omwe agwirizana nawo amwalira, ndiye kuti mbalame ina siyimayang'ana m'malo mwake. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, bakha wamkazi wa Chimandarini amakhazikitsa chisa, chomwe chitha kupezeka mdzenje la mtengo komanso pansi. Pakusankha chisa, champhongo mosatopa chimatsata chachikazi.
Akapeza malo abwino okonzera chisa, bakha amayikira mazira asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi ndi awiri. Ma Tangerines amayamba kuyala, monga lamulo, ndikutentha kokhazikika, kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mzimayi wa "bakha wachi China" ndi amene amachititsa kuti anawo aswe okha, ndipo wamwamuna panthawiyi amapeza chakudya, chomwe chimabweretsa bakha wake. Pafupipafupi, njira yothyola imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Pakapita masiku angapo, anapiyewo amayamba kudziyimira paokha mpaka kutuluka m'chisa chawo.
Pofuna kupeza maluso, yaikazi ndi yamphongo imatenga anawo kupita nawo mosungiramo kapena kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Pamodzi ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi, ankhandwe a mandarin amatha kuyandama mosavuta komanso momasuka pamwamba pamadzi kuyambira tsiku loyamba atabadwa. Ngati pangakhale zoopsa pang'ono, ana onse ndi bakha wamwamuna, amabisala msanga m'nkhalango yowirira kwambiri. Poterepa, drake nthawi zambiri amasokoneza adani, zomwe zimapangitsa banja lonse kuthawa.
Ankhamba amakula, monga lamulo, mwachangu, motero amakhala akulu pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Pakadali pano, "abakha achi China" adziwa kale maluso ngati kuwuluka ndikusaka chakudya, chifukwa chake achichepere amasiya chisa cha kholo lawo. Nthawi imodzimodziyo imadziwika ndi kusintha kwa nthenga ndi drone ya tangerine kukhala chovala chachilendo. Kenako, ana aamuna amaphatikizana. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, molt imatha, chifukwa chake amuna achi Chimandarini amapezanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Abakha a Mandarin amakhala okhwima kwathunthu mchaka choyamba cha moyo wawo, koma pa msinkhu uwu abakha amadziwika ndi kuthekera kocheperako kobereka poyerekeza ndi achikulire okhwima.
Ndi nthawi yophukira pomwe mbalame zochokera kumadera ozizira komanso ovuta kwambiri amtundu wa thermophilic zimauluka kupita kumadera otentha kuti zibwerere kumalo awo okhala ndi zisa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe wotsatira.
Adani achilengedwe
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa abakha a Chimandarini omwe amakhala ndikukhalira mdziko lathu kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kusaka kosaloledwa. Komanso, nyama kapena mbalame zina zazikulu kwambiri zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuwombera abakha kumachitika, monga lamulo, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa nthenga ndi chimandarini chachimuna.
Galu wa raccoon ndi m'modzi mwa adani achilengedwe omwe amawopseza bakha la chimandarini. Nyama yovutayi imasaka anapiye mwachangu, koma imawopsezanso mbalame ndi mazira okhwima kale. Pamadzi, ngozi zowonjezereka zimatha kubwera kuchokera ku otter komanso m'malo mwake mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya. Mwa zina, chisa chopangidwa ndi bakha la chimandarini mumtengo wobowoka chitha kuwonongedwa mosavuta ndi agologolo achikulire.
Bakha la chimandarini ndi mbalame ya thermophilic, chifukwa chake kutentha kotsika 5 ° C ndiwowopsa pamoyo wawo ndi thanzi, ndipo ankhandwe ochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amafa ngakhale atakhala kuti kulibe kutentha kwanyengo.
Kuswana kunyumba
Mukamabereka abakha a mandarin kunyumba, ndikofunikira kusankha aviary yaying'ono, yaying'ono yokhala ndi malo osungira mbalame. Ndi kutalika kwa aviary kwa 200 cm, zisa zingapo zabwino ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mkati:
- kutalika - 52 cm;
- kutalika - 40 cm;
- m'lifupi - 40 cm;
- ndi polowera - 12 × 12 cm.
Amaloledwa kusinthitsa zisa zachikale zamabokosi ndi mabokosi achizolowezi, opachikidwa ndikukhazikika kutalika kwa masentimita 70-80. Akazi ambiri amalumikiza zowalamulira pawokha, koma nthawi zina zimakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chofungatira kapena nkhuku yolerera kuti izi zitheke. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ankhandwe a mandarin ndi osakhazikika pamavuto komanso amanyazi kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zovuta kuti muziwuka nokha.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakukonzekera kokhako kwa zakudya zodyetsa mbalame:
- Zakudya zambewu zitha kuyimilidwa ndi chimanga, tirigu, balere, mapira ndi phala;
- zakudyazo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi chinangwa cha tirigu, soya ndi mpendadzuwa;
- kusunga chakudya, nyama ndi mafupa, nsomba ndi chakudya cha udzu, choko, gammarus ndi chipolopolo choponderezedwa zimawonjezeredwa pachakudya;
- m'chilimwe, chakudya chimaphatikizidwa ndi dandelion yodulidwa bwino, saladi, chomera ndi duckweed;
- kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, ndibwino kuti muwonjezere zipatso ndi kaloti wa grated pazakudya;
- Pakati pa kusungunuka ndi kuswana, zakudya zimayenera kuyimiriridwa ndi chinangwa, komanso tirigu wosiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera nsomba ndi nyama yosungunuka;
- Ndikofunika kusintha kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mapuloteni osakongola, omwe sayenera kupitilira 18-19%, omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa uric acid diathesis mu mbalame.
Chifukwa chake, monga tawonera, abakha achikulire a Chimandarini ndiosavuta kusunga, komanso oyenereradi kuyika mitundu yazosakaniza zosakanikirana. M'nyengo yotentha, malo otseguka amakhala abwino kwa mbalame yotere, ndipo m'chipinda chachisanu ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa posungira ndi madzi oyera osinthidwa nthawi zonse. Mbalame iyenera kugulidwa kokha m'minda yodalirika komanso yotsimikizika yomwe ili ndi famu yawo yopangira mbalame yapaderayi komanso yokongola kwambiri.
