Dokowe wakuda (Ciconia nigra) ndi mbalame yosawerengeka ya m'banja la Stork ndi Stork. Kuchokera kwa abale ena, mbalamezi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi maulawo.
Kufotokozera za dokowe wakuda
Mbali yakumtunda ya thupi imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira.... M'mbali yam'munsi yamtunduwo, nthenga zimaperekedwa zoyera. Mbalame yayikulu ndiyokulirapo, yayikulu modabwitsa. Kutalika kwakulimba kwa dokowe wakuda ndi 1.0-1.1 m ndi thupi lolemera 2.8-3.0 kg. Mapiko a mbalame amatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa 1.50-1.55 m.
Mbalame yocheperako komanso yokongola ili ndi miyendo yopyapyala, khosi lokongola komanso mlomo wautali. Mlomo ndi miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yofiira. M'chifuwa muli nthenga zakuda komanso zopindika zomwe zimafanana ndi kolala yaubweya. Malingaliro onena za "kusayankhula" kwa adokowe akuda chifukwa chakusowa kwa syrinx alibe maziko, koma mtundu uwu umangokhala chete kuposa adokowe oyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dokowe wakuda amatchedwa ndi mtundu wa nthenga zake, ngakhale kuti mtundu wa nthenga za mbalameyi ndi wobiriwira kwambiri komanso wofiirira kuposa utoto.
Diso limakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. Akazi pafupifupi samasiyana ndi amuna m'maonekedwe awo. Chodziwika bwino cha mbalame yaying'ono ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira, obiriwira kwambiri m'deralo mozungulira maso, komanso nthenga zinafota. Akokowe achikulire achikulire amakhala ndi nthenga zonyezimira komanso zosiyanasiyana. Molting imachitika pachaka, kuyambira mu February mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi-June.
Komabe, iyi ndi mbalame yobisalira komanso yosamala kwambiri, chifukwa chake moyo wa dokowe wakuda pano sunaphunzire mokwanira. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, malinga ndi chidziwitso cha kulira, dokowe wakuda amatha kukhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Mu ukapolo, zolembedwa mwalamulo, komanso mbiri ya moyo wazaka 31.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Adokowe akuda amakhala m'nkhalango zamayiko a Eurasia. M'dziko lathu, mbalamezi zimapezeka mdera la Far East mpaka ku Baltic Sea. Anthu ena a dokowe wakuda amakhala kumwera kwa Russia, nkhalango za Dagestan ndi Stavropol Territory.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri chimawonedwa mdera la Primorsky. Mbalame zimakhala m'nyengo yozizira ya chaka kum'mwera kwa Asia. M'nyumba ya akalulu akuda omwe amakhala pansi kwambiri amakhala ku South Africa. Malinga ndi zomwe awona, pakadali pano, adokowe ambiri amakhala ku Belarus, koma nthawi yachisanu ikayamba amasamukira ku Africa.
Posankha malo okhala, amakonda malo osiyanasiyana ovuta kufikako, omwe amaimiridwa ndi nkhalango zakuya komanso zakale zokhala ndi madambo ndi zigwa, mapiri pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nyanja zamnkhalango, mitsinje kapena madambo. Mosiyana ndi oimira ena ambiri mu Storks, adokowe akuda samakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.
Zakudya zakuda za adokowe
Dokowe wamkulu wakuda nthawi zambiri amadyetsa nsomba, komanso amagwiritsanso ntchito nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi ndi nyama zopanda mafupa ngati chakudya... Mbalameyi imadyetsa m'madzi osaya komanso malo osefukira, komanso m'malo oyandikira matupi amadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuwonjezera pa chakudya chomwe chatchulidwa, adokowe akuda amatha kudyetsa makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zina mbalame zazikulu zimadya njoka, abuluzi ndi nkhono.
Kubereka ndi ana
Dokowe wakuda ali mgulu la mbalame zokhazokha, ndipo nthawi yolowera kubereka imayambira zaka zitatu... Yemwe akuyimira zisa za banja la Stork kamodzi pachaka, pogwiritsa ntchito izi pamwamba pa korona wamitengo yakale komanso yayitali kapena miyala yamiyala.
Nthawi zina zisa za mbalame zotere zimapezeka m'mapiri omwe ali pamtunda wa 2000-2200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Chisa ndi chachikulu, chopangidwa ndi nthambi zakuda ndi nthambi za mitengo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthiti, nthaka ndi dongo.
Chisa cha dokowe chodalirika komanso cholimba chimatha kukhala zaka zambiri, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mibadwo ingapo ya mbalame. Storks amapita kumalo awo obisalako mzaka khumi zapitazi za Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Amuna panthawiyi amaitanira akazi ku chisa, kusungunula zoyera zawo, komanso kutulutsa malikhweru. Mu zowalamulira, zoyambitsidwa ndi makolo awiri, pali mazira 4-7 okulirapo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kwa miyezi iwiri, anapiye a dokowe wakuda amadyetsedwa ndi makolo awo okha, omwe amawabweza chakudya kasanu patsiku.
Kuswa kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi, ndipo kuswa anapiye kumatenga masiku angapo. Kankhuku kameneka ndi koyera kapena kotuwa, ndi utoto wa lalanje kumunsi kwa mlomo. Nsonga ya mulomo ndi yobiriwira-wachikaso mtundu. Kwa masiku khumi oyambirira, anapiye agona mkati mwa chisa, pambuyo pake amayamba kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Pokhapokha atakwanitsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka, mbalame zazikulu ndi zolimba zimatha kuyimirira molimba mtima mokwanira.
Adani achilengedwe
Dokowe wakuda alibe adani ngati nthenga omwe amawopseza mitunduyo, koma khwangwala wokhotakhota ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama zimatha kuba mazira pachisa. Anapiye omwe amachoka pachisa msanga nthawi zina amawonongedwa ndi zilombo zamiyendo inayi, kuphatikiza nkhandwe, nkhandwe, galu wamphaka, ndi marten. Mbalame zosaka ndi osaka zimawonongedwa mochuluka mokwanira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, adokowe akuda adatchulidwa mu Red Book m'malo ngati Russia ndi Belarus, Bulgaria, Tajikistan ndi Uzbekistan, Ukraine ndi Kazakhstan. Mbalameyi imatha kuwona patsamba la Red Book la Mordovia, komanso madera a Volgograd, Saratov ndi Ivanovo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kukhala bwino kwa mitunduyi kumadalira zinthu monga chitetezo ndi mkhalidwe wa biotopes wa kukaikira mazira.... Kuchepa kwa anthu onse a dokowe wakuda kumathandizidwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chakudya, komanso kudula kwa nkhalango zomwe ndizoyenera kukhala mbalame zoterezi. Mwazina, m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad ndi mayiko a Baltic, achitapo kanthu mwatsatanetsatane kuti ateteze malo okhala adokowe akuda.
