Sizikudziwika bwinobwino chifukwa chake njoka iyi idatchedwa kuti achifumu. Mwina chifukwa cha kukula kwake (4-6 m), zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mphiri zina, kapena chifukwa chodzitukumula pakudya njoka zina, kunyoza makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame ndi achule.
Kufotokozera kwa mamba wamfumu
Ndizochokera kubanja la asps, lomwe limadzipangira lokha (la dzina lomwelo) mtundu ndi mitundu - the cobra king. Amadziwa momwe, ngati zingachitike, atakankhira nthiti pachifuwa kuti thupi lakumtunda likhale mtundu wa hood... Chinyengo cha khosi choterechi chimachitika chifukwa cha khungu la khungu lomwe limapachika m'mbali mwa khosi. Pamwamba pamutu wa njoka pali malo ocheperako, maso ndi ochepa, nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima.
Achipwitikizi omwe adafika ku India kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16 adamupatsa dzina loti "cobra". Poyamba, ankatcha "cobra" chipewa "(" cobra de cappello "). Kenako dzina lakutchulidwalo lidataya gawo lake lachiwiri ndikukhala ndi mamembala onse amtunduwu.
Mwa iwo okha, akatswiri ofufuza zamatsenga amatcha njokayo Hana, kuyambira pa dzina lachilatini lotchedwa Ophiophagus hannah, ndikugawa zokwawa m'magulu awiri akulu:
- kontinenti / Chitchaina - wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu komanso mawonekedwe ofanana mthupi lonse;
- insular / indonesian - anthu omwe ali ndi monochromatic okhala ndi mawanga osakhazikika pakhosi komanso mikwingwirima yopepuka (yopyapyala).
Zikhala zosangalatsa: Cobra waku China
Ndi utoto wa njoka yaying'ono, ndizotheka kuti mumvetse mtundu wa mitundu iwiriyi: wachinyamata waku Indonesia akuwonetsa mikwingwirima yopepuka yolumikizana ndi mbale zam'mimba mthupi. Pali, komabe, mtundu wapakatikati chifukwa chakumalire pakati pa mitunduyo. Mtundu wa mamba kumbuyo kumatengera malo omwe amakhala ndipo amatha kukhala achikasu, abulauni, obiriwira komanso akuda. Masikelo otsika nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka mumtundu komanso wonyezimira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Cobra yamfumu imatha kubangula. Phokoso longa kubuula limathawa pammero njoka itakwiya. Chida cha "kubangula" kozama kwambiri ndi tracheal diverticula, yomwe imamveka pafupipafupi. Ndizododometsa, koma njoka ina "yowuma" ndi njoka yobiriwira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwera patebulo la Hana.
Habitat, malo okhala mamba yamfumu
Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia (dziko lodziwika bwino la aspids onse), limodzi ndi South Asia, zakhala malo achilengedwe a king cobra. Nyamayi inakhazikika m'nkhalango zamvula za Pakistan, Philippines, kumwera kwa China, Vietnam, Indonesia ndi India (kumwera kwa Himalaya).
Zotsatira zake chifukwa chotsatira mothandizidwa ndi ma beacon, ma hann ena samachoka komwe amakhala, koma njoka zina zimasunthira, zimayenda makilomita makumi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, a Hanns akukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula ku Asia kwakukula kwakukula kwaulimi, pazosowa zomwe nkhalango zidulidwako, pomwe mamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala.
Nthawi yomweyo, kukulira kwa malo olimidwa kumabweretsa kubereka kwa makoswe, kukopa njoka zazing'ono, zomwe mamba yamfumu imakonda kudya.
Kuyembekezera komanso moyo
Ngati mamba ya mfuwayo sigwera pa dzino la mongoose, itha kukhala zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo. Chokwawa chimakula m'moyo wake wonse, chimasungunuka kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi pachaka. Molting amatenga pafupifupi masiku 10 ndipo amakhala wovuta ku thupi la njoka: Hannah amakhala pachiwopsezo ndipo amafunafuna malo ogona, omwe nthawi zambiri amasewera ndi nyumba za anthu.
Ndizosangalatsa!King cobra akwawa pansi, atabisala m'mapanga / m'mapanga ndi kukwera mitengo. Mboni zikuwona kuti chokwawa chimasambanso bwino.
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuthekera kwa njoka yamoto kuti igwire bwino ntchito, mpaka 1/3 ya thupi lake.... Kuyandama kwachilendo koteroko sikulepheretsa mamba kuti asunthire, komanso kumagwiranso ntchito polamulira ankhandwe oyandikana nawo. Wopambana ndi imodzi mwa zokwawa zomwe zayimirira pamwamba ndipo zitha "kumenya" mdani wake pamwamba pamutu. Cobra yochititsidwa manyazi imasintha malo ake owongoka kuti akhale yopingasa ndikubwerera mochititsa manyazi.
Adani a king cobra
Hana mosakayikira ali ndi poizoni wambiri, koma osakhoza kufa. Ndipo ali ndi adani angapo achilengedwe, omwe ndi awa:
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- ziwombankhanga zodya njoka;
- meerkats;
- mongooses.
Awiriwa sanapatse mimbulu ya mfumu mwayi wopulumuka, ngakhale ilibe chitetezo chobwera nacho cha mamba ya mamba. Ayenera kungodalira momwe angachitire ndi maluso awo, omwe samawalephera kawirikawiri. Mongoose, akawona mamba, amalowa chisangalalo ndipo samaphonya mwayi wouluka.
Nyamayo imadziwa za ulesi wa Hana motero imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera bwino: kulumpha - kulumpha, ndikuthamangiranso kunkhondo. Pambuyo pazizunzo zabodza zingapo, kulira kamodzi kumutu kumatsatira, komwe kumabweretsa imfa ya njokayo.
Zokwawa zazikulu nawonso zimaopseza ana ake. Koma wowononga wankhanza kwambiri wa mamba wamfumu ndiamene amapha ndi kutchera njoka izi.
Kudya, kugwira mamba yamfumu
Adapeza dzina lasayansi la Ophiophagus hannah ("wodya njoka") chifukwa cha zizolowezi zake zachilendo zam'mimba. Hana ndi chisangalalo chachikulu amadya mtundu wawo - njoka monga boygi, keffiys, njoka, nsato, makola komanso mamba. Pafupifupi kangapo, king cobra imaphatikizaponso abuluzi akulu, kuphatikiza owonera abulu, mumenyu. Nthawi zina, nyama ya mamba ndimwana wake..
Pakusaka, njokayo imasiyidwa ndi chifuwa chake chobadwa: imathamangitsa wolakwirayo, poyamba kuigwira mchira, kenako ndikumira mano ake akuthwa pafupi ndi mutu (malo osatetezeka kwambiri). Hannah amapha nyama yake ndi kuluma, kumulowetsa poizoni wamphamvu mthupi lake. Mano a mphiriwo ndi amfupi (mamilimita 5 okha): samapinda, ngati njoka zina zapoizoni. Chifukwa cha izi, Hannah samangolumidwa mwachangu, koma amakakamizidwa, kumugwira wovulalayo, kuti amulume kangapo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Cobra savutika ndi kususuka ndipo amalimbana ndi njala yayitali (pafupifupi miyezi itatu): mochuluka momwe zimamutengera kuti aswe ana.
Njoka yobereketsa
Amuna amamenyera akazi (osaluma), ndipo amapita kwa wopambana, yemwe, amatha kudya ndi osankhidwa ngati ali ndi umuna kale. Kugonana kumayambitsidwa ndi chibwenzi chachifupi, pomwe mnzake ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chibwenzi sichimupha (izi zimachitikanso). Kukhathamiritsa kumatenga ola limodzi, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi wamkazi amaikira mazira (20-40) mchisa chomwe chidamangidwa kale, chopangidwa ndi nthambi ndi masamba.
Nyumbayi, mpaka mamilimita 5 m'mimba mwake, ikumangidwa paphiri kuti apewe kusefukira kwamvula pakagwa mvula yambiri... Kutentha kofunikira (+ 26 + 28) kumasungidwa ndi kuwonjezeka / kutsika kwa masamba owola. Okwatirana (omwe ndi atypical for asps) amalowa m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake, kuyang'anira zowalamulira. Pakadali pano, mamba onse amakhala okwiya kwambiri komanso owopsa.
Ana asanabadwe, mkazi amatuluka m'chisa kuti asawawonongeke atakakamizidwa kudya masiku 100. Ataswa, achichepere "amadyetsa" kuzungulira chisa kwa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi, kudya zotsalira za mazira a dzira. Njoka zazing'ono ndizowopsa mofanana ndi makolo awo, koma izi sizimawapulumutsa ku ziwopsezo za adani. Mwa akhanda 25 obadwa kumene, mamba 1-2 amapulumuka kufikira atakula.
Kuluma kwa mamba, momwe poizoni amagwirira ntchito
Poyambira poyizoni ya obadwa nayo ochokera ku mtundu wa Naja, poyizoni wa mamba mfumu amawoneka ochepa poizoni, koma owopsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake (mpaka 7 ml). Izi ndikwanira kutumiza njovu kudziko lotsatira, ndipo kufa kwa munthu kumachitika kotala la ola limodzi. Mphamvu ya poizoni wa poizoniyo imawonekera kudzera pakupweteka kwambiri, kutsika kwamaso m'maso ndi ziwalo... Kenako pakubwera kulephera kwamtima, kukomoka ndi kufa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, koma ku India, komwe pafupifupi anthu zikwi makumi asanu mdziko muno amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cholumwa ndi njoka zapoizoni, amwenye ochepa kwambiri amafa chifukwa chakuwombedwa ndi king cobra.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 10% yokha ya kulumidwa kwa Hana imamupha munthu, yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe ake awiri.
Choyamba, ndi njoka yoleza mtima kwambiri, yokonzeka kulola yomwe ikubwerayo kuti iiphonye popanda kuwononga thanzi lake. Mukungoyenera kudzuka / kukhala pansi kuti mukhale pamzere wamaso ake, musasunthe mwadzidzidzi ndikupumira modekha, osayang'ana kwina. Nthawi zambiri, njoka ya mamba imathawa, osawona chiwopsezo kwaomwe akuyenda.
Kachiwiri, mamba yamfumu imatha kuyendetsa poyizoni pakuwukira: imatseka ngalande zamatenda owopsa, ndikumangika minofu yapadera. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni wotulutsidwa kumatengera kukula kwa wovulalayo ndipo nthawi zambiri kumadutsa muyeso wakupha.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ngakhale chochititsa mantha, sichimalimbitsa kuluma kwake ndi jakisoni wakupha. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti njokayo imasunga poizoni posaka, posafuna kuisokoneza.
Kusunga mamba ya mnyumba kunyumba
Herpetologists amaganiza kuti njokayi ndi yosangalatsa komanso yodabwitsa, koma amalangiza oyamba kumene kuganiza nthawi zana asanayambe kunyumba. Vuto lalikulu lagona podziwitsa mamba wamfumu chakudya chatsopano: simudzadyetsa njoka, mimbulu komanso kuwunika abuluzi.
Ndipo njira yopangira bajeti (makoswe) ili ndi zovuta zina:
- ndi kudya makoswe kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepa kwamafuta pachiwindi ndi kotheka;
- makoswe ngati chakudya, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, zimasokoneza ntchito zoberekera za njokayo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kutembenuza mamba kukhala makoswe kumawononga nthawi yambiri ndipo kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Poyamba, chokwawa chimadyetsedwa ndi njoka zosokedwa ndi ana amphaka, pang'onopang'ono zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama ya njoka. Njira yachiwiri imakhudza kutsuka nyama yamakoswe kuchokera ku fungo ndikuipaka ndi chidutswa cha njoka. Mbewa zimasalidwa ngati chakudya.
Njoka zazikulu zimafunikira terrarium yochepera 1.2 mita Ngati njoka yayikulu ndi yayikulu - mpaka mamita atatu (akhanda ali ndi zotengera zokwanira 30-40 cm). Kwa terrarium muyenera kukonzekera:
- nkhuni / timitengo (makamaka kwa njoka zazing'ono);
- mbale yayikulu yakumwa (mamba amamwa kwambiri);
- gawo lapansi pansi (sphagnum, kokonati kapena nyuzipepala).
Onaninso: Ndi njoka yamtundu wanji yomwe ungakhale nayo kunyumba
Sungani kutentha kwa terrarium mkati mwa 22 + 27 madigiri... Kumbukirani kuti mamba amfumu amakonda chinyezi: chinyezi cha mlengalenga sichiyenera kutsika pansi pa 60-70%. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira izi nthawi ya reptile molting.
Ndipo musaiwale za chisamaliro chofunikira kwambiri munthawi zonse zomwe mfumuyi imachita: valani magolovesi ndikuisunga patali.
