Achule, monga achule, ali mgulu la amphibiya, omwe ali m'gulu la amphibiya komanso opanda zingwe, chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku taxonomy, palibe kusiyana kulikonse pakati pawo. Ndi mitundu yonse yayikulu yamitundu ya achule ndi achule, kusiyanasiyana kwamakhalidwe awo ndikochuluka kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza kukula kwa thupi
Kukula kwa achule, kutengera mtundu wa mitundu yawo, kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 1-30. Khungu la amphibian limapachikidwa momasuka mthupi. Mbali ya khungu, nthawi zambiri, imakhala chinyezi chapamwamba komanso chosalala.
Pafupifupi achule onse amadzi ali ndi zala zazing'ono. Chodziwikiratu pakhungu la achule ena ndikutulutsa poizoni wopepuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yotereyi isadyeredwe ndi zilombo zambiri zomwe zitha kudya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kutalika kwa moyo wa chule ndi chule sikupezeka ndipo, monga lamulo, ndi zaka 7-14, koma mitundu ina ya amphibians amatha kukhala m'malo achilengedwe kwa zaka zopitilira makumi anayi.
Achule, mosiyana ndi achule, mbali inayi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi khungu losagwirizana, lolimba komanso louma. Nthawi zambiri, chule amakhala ndi thupi lalifupi komanso miyendo. Nthawi zambiri, maso a chule amawoneka bwino motsutsana ndi thupi, zomwe sizomwe zimachitika pamtundu uliwonse wa tozi. M'magazi akuluakulu obisika omwe amapezeka kumbuyo kwa maso, chinsinsi china chakupha chimapangidwa, chomwe sichimawopsa anthu konse.
Mwazina, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa achule ndi achule ndi monga:
- miyendo yayitali ndi yamphamvu yomwe idapangidwira kudumpha kwa chule ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi miyendo yayifupi ya chule, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayenda pang'onopang'ono;
- chule ali ndi mano pachibwano chapamwamba, ndipo zitsiru zilibe mano konse;
- thupi la chule ndi lalikulu kuposa la chule, limakhala lokhalitsa, komanso palinso kutsamira pang'ono kwa mutu.
Achule, monga lamulo, amasaka dzuwa litalowa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku, ndipo nthawi yayikulu yamachule imachitika masana okha.
Kuyerekeza malo okhala ndi zakudya
Gawo lalikulu la achule ambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'malo amvula komanso m'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, zitsamba zonse zimasinthidwa kukhala malo okhala, m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Nthawi zambiri, achule amapezeka pamphepete mwa nyanja zamadzi ndi madambo, omwe amakhala chifukwa chokhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Amphibian uyu ndi wodzipereka kudera komwe adabadwira ndipo ndipamene amakonda kukhazikika moyo wake wonse. Toads amapezeka nthawi zonse m'minda ndi minda yamasamba. Pambuyo pobadwira m'madzi, amphibiya amasamukira kumtunda ndikubwerera kumadzi ndikungoikira mazira.
Onse amphibian amagwiritsa ntchito nambala yambiri ya tizilombo ngati chakudya.... Zakudya za achule ndi zitsamba zitha kuyimiriridwa ndi ma slugs, mbozi, mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, makutu, kudina kafadala, nyerere, zosefera, udzudzu ndi tizirombo tina tomwe timakhala m'minda, minda yamasamba ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kuyerekeza njira zoswana
Pobala, achule ndi achule amagwiritsa ntchito malo osungira. Ndi m'madzi momwe amphibiya amaikira mazira. Chulechi chimayikira mazira, ogwirizana ndi zingwe zazitali, zomwe zili pansi pa dziwe kapena kuluka zimayambira za zomera zam'madzi. Ana obadwa kumenewa amayesetsanso kukhala m'magulu pafupi ndi pansi. M'chaka, tozi imodzi imaikira mazira pafupifupi zikwi khumi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu ina ya tozi imadziwika ndi kutenga nawo mbali amuna pantchito yoswa. Yaimuna imatha kukhala m'maenje adothi, kukulunga mazira m'manja mwake, isanakwane, kenako imasamutsira mazirawo posungira.
Mwakuwoneka, chule caviar amafanana ndi timphale tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayandama pamwamba pa dziwe. Tadpoles omwe akutuluka amakhalanso m'madzi, ndipo atakula, achulewo amatha kupita kumtunda. Achule nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chule la ng'ombe limatha kuikira mazira pafupifupi zikwi makumi awiri munyengo imodzi.
Achule achisanu ndi zisoti
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya achule ndi zitsamba zomwe zimadutsa nyengo zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha chilengedwe:
- tovu imvi ndi tochi wobiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito dothi lotayirira chifukwa chaichi, ndikukhala m'nyengo yozizira ming'alu yadothi kapena maenje a mbewa;
- chule wokhala ndi nkhope yakuthwa ndi adyo obisala pamtunda, pogwiritsa ntchito fossa owazidwa masamba, komanso milu ya zinyalala za coniferous kapena masamba;
- chule laudzu limakonda nyengo yozizira kumunsi kwa malo osungira kapena m'nkhalango zam'madzi zomwe zili pafupi ndi dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mwatsoka, m'nyengo yozizira yovuta kwambiri komanso yopanda chipale chofewa, gawo lalikulu la amphibians limatha nthawi zambiri.
Ubwino wa achule ndi achule
Ntchito zopindulitsa za amphibiya ambiri zimadziwika bwino ndipo zimawonetsedwa ndi olemba mabuku ambiri asayansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kudzala tiziromboti kuti tipeze chakudya, zisoti ndi achule zimabweretsa zabwino zooneka m'minda ndi minda yamasamba, minda ndi madambo, madera a nkhalango. Pofuna kusunga kuchuluka kwa amphibiya m'munda wam'munda, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, konzekerani nkhokwe yaying'ono yopangira ndi madzi am'madzi.
