Mchira wapamwamba ndi malaya odula aubweya ndizizindikiro zowala za nkhandwe. Nyama yodabwitsa imeneyi imatchedwanso nkhandwe yaku polar, chifukwa cha kufanana kwake kwakunja. Koma nthawi yomweyo, nkhandwe ya Arctic imalembedwa ngati mtundu wina, womwe umakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha.
Kufotokozera: mitundu ndi subspecies ya Arctic nkhandwe
Nyama yokongola Nkhandwe ya Arctic ndiyofanana kukula kwake ndi nkhandwe zofiira... Thupi lake limafika masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu m'litali. Ndipo mchirawo uli pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi la nkhandwe ku Arctic. Ponena za kulemera - nthawi yotentha, nyama imafika ma kilogalamu anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, pomwe nyengo yozizira imayamba, kulemera kwake kumawonjezeka ndi ma kilogalamu asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi.
Ngakhale, poyang'ana koyamba, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe yozungulira ili ndi makutu ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imawoneka yayifupi chifukwa cha malaya akuda. Koma chilimwe amadziwika, amawoneka owoneka okulirapo. Nkhope ya nyama ndi yaifupi komanso yosongoka pang'ono. Komanso, mawondo ake ndi oterera komanso okutidwa ndi ziyangoyango zakuda zaubweya.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ankhandwe aku Arctic amasiyanitsidwa ndi kamvekedwe kabwino ka fungo komanso kumva kwabwino, pomwe maso awo sakhala abwino kwambiri. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, munthu angalephere kuzindikira kukongola kokongola kwa ubweya wakuda wa nyama. Kodi mungapeze chinthu choterocho mwa agalu anzake, pakati pa nkhandwe zomwezo?
Chinthu china chosiyana ndi nkhandwe ku Arctic poyerekeza ndi mamembala ena a banja lake ndikutchulidwa kwakanthawi kwa mtundu: molt imachitika kawiri pachaka. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya utoto wa nkhandwe - buluu ndi zoyera. Ndi nyengo yotentha, malaya ake amakhala ofiira otuwa kapena ofiira ofiira, ndikumayamba kwa nyengo yozizira, utoto umasintha kwambiri - nkhandwe yabuluu imavala chovala chofiirira chotuwa ndi kusefukira kwa buluu, ndipo nkhandwe yoyera - yoyera kwambiri.
Zima zimakhudzanso ubweya waubweya. Ngati chilimwe chovala cha nkhandwe cha Arctic sichikhala chochepa kwambiri, kachulukidwe kake kimawonjezeka kangapo pomwe chisanu choyamba chimayamba: malaya amakhala olimba mthupi lonse la nyama, kuphatikiza mchira.
Chikhalidwe
Mtundu wa nkhandwe ya Arctic uli pafupifupi North Pole yonse. Nyama sizikhala kulikonse. Adapita kokongola ku North America ndikukakhazikika ku New Land. Madera awo ndi zilumba zaku Canada, Aleutian, Komandorskie, Pribylova ndi ena, kuphatikiza kumpoto kwa Eurasia. Ankhandwe abuluu amakonda zilumba, ndipo nyama zoyera zimapezeka makamaka kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Northern Hemisphere, kudera lamapiri, nkhandwe ya Arctic imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo nyama yokhayo yolusa. Ngakhale mafunde oundana otsetsereka a m'nyanja yozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso ku Arctic sizachilendo. Nkhandwe yabwino kwambiri komanso yolimba imalowa mkatikati mwa North Pole.
Kawirikawiri, nthawi yozizira ikayamba kusamuka, nyama zimasunthira kumtunda kwa madzi oundana ndikunyamuka pagombe mtunda wabwino, nthawi zina zimadutsa mazana amakilomita. Ofufuza-asayansi zenizeni zodutsa makilomita zikwi zisanu ndi nkhandwe "zolembedwa" zidalembedwa! Nyamayo idayamba ulendo wawo kuchokera ku Taimyr ndikufika ku Alaska, komwe idagwidwa.
Moyo
Zima za nkhandwe ku Arctic ndi nthawi yosamukasamuka, pomwe nyama zimayenda maulendo ataliatali kuti zikapeze chakudya. Koma ngati zingachitike, amadzipangira okha phanga loti azikhala pachikuto cha chisanu. Ndipo akagona mmenemo, samamva kalikonse: mutha kuyandikira pafupi nawo. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyama zokongolazi zimagwirizana ndi zimbalangondo. Koma chilimwe chikabwera, nkhandwe ya ku Arctic imasangalala ndi moyo wabwino pamalo amodzi. Amakhazikika kuti akhale banja lake, lomwe limaphatikizapo akazi achichepere, akazi, wamwamuna mwiniwake ndi makanda a chaka chino, pachigawo chokhala ndi mainchesi awiri mpaka makumi atatu. Kwenikweni, banja la nkhandwe ku Arctic limakhala patokha, koma pamakhala milandu pamene banja lina limakhazikika pafupi, ndipo ngakhale lachitatu, ndikupanga gulu lonse. Nyama zimalankhulana ndi mtundu wina wa kubweka... Pofika nyengo yozizira, midzi yotere iwonongedwa.
Chakudya: mawonekedwe a kusaka nkhandwe ku Arctic
Ankhandwe aku Arctic samadziwika ndi ngozi, m'malo mwake, amakhala osamala pakusaka. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti agwire nyama, amawonetsa luso, kupirira komanso kunyada. Nyama ikakhala yayikulu kuposa nyama yomwe ili panjira, iyinso siyifulumira kukolola. Kwa kanthawi amachoka pang'ono, kenako amasankha mphindi yabwino ndikupeza zomwe akufuna. Malingana ndi zomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amanena, zilombazi zokha zimadzichepetsa kuti zikhale ndi nkhandwe ku Arctic, koma nyama zawo sizimawalekerera. Chifukwa chake, ndizowoneka bwino m'chilengedwe: nyama yodyedwa ndi chimbalangondo muli nkhandwe zambiri ku Arctic.
Ngati m'derali mulibe kusaka nyama, nkhandwe za ku Arctic siziopa kufikira nyumba za anthu, ndipo zikakhala ndi njala zimaba chakudya m'khola, ndi agalu oweta. Pali milandu yodziwika yoweta nkhandwe, pomwe nyama molimba mtima imatenga chakudya m'manja mwake, imasewera ndi ziweto.
Posaka, nkhandwe za ku Arctic zimadziwonetsera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amatha kupeza chakudya mwakhama kapena kukhala okhutira ndi "phewa la ambuye", ndiye kuti, kudya nyama yowola kapena kudya zotsalira za chakudya cha wina. Ndicho chifukwa chake, nyengo yozizira, nkhandwe ya Arctic imakhala "mnzake" wa chimbalangondo kwa milungu yonse - ndizopindulitsa, simudzakhala ndi njala.
Lemmings ndi omwe amadya nkhandwe ku Arctic m'nyengo yozizira.... Nyamazo zimawapeza pansi pa chipale chofewa. Pakufika kutentha, nkhandwe za ku Arctic zimasaka mbalame: tundra ndi zoyera, atsekwe, kadzidzi, mitundu ing'onoing'ono ndi zisa zawo. Mlenje akangoyandikira nyama yake patali pang'ono, sairini ngati mawonekedwe a atsekwe oyera "amatembenukira". Pofuna kunyenga mbalame kuti zikhalebe tcheru, nkhandweyo imayamba kusaka limodzi ndi mnzake. Ndiyeno, zikafika pa anapiye kapena mazira, nyamayo yochenjera imanyamula phalalo momwe ingathere. Nkhandwe imapeza chakudya osati kuti ingothetsa njala kwakanthawi. Monga mwini ndalama, amapanganso zinthu - amaika mbalame, makoswe, nsomba pansi kapena kuzitumiza pansi pa ayezi.
M'nyengo yotentha, nkhandwe ya Arctic imakhala theka la osadya nyama, ikudya algae, zitsamba, ndi zipatso. Amayendayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikunyamula omwe atayidwa kunyanja - starfish, nsomba, zikopa zam'madzi, zotsalira za nsomba zazikulu, ma walrus, zisindikizo. Chiwerengero ndi moyo wa nkhandwe ku Arctic mwachindunji zimadalira chakudya chawo chachikulu - mandimu. Panali milandu pomwe panali zipatso zochepa, ndipo pachifukwa ichi, nkhandwe zambiri zidamwalira ndi njala. Komanso, kuthyola nkhandwe ku Arctic kumakula nthawi zambiri ngati pali makoswe ambiri.
Kubereka
Asanabereke ana, nkhandwe ku Arctic zimadzipangira zibowo. M'nthaka yozizira mpaka mita, izi sizophweka. Malo okhala nyumba nthawi zonse amasankhidwa m'malo okwezeka, popeza kusefukira kwamadzi osungunuka kumayembekezeredwa pamalo athyathyathya. Kenako, ngati mink imakhala yotentha komanso yosavuta kuswana, imatha kupitilizidwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo mpaka zaka makumi awiri! Ngati mink yakale itasiyidwa, yatsopano imamangidwa kwinakwake pafupi ndi "yolumikizidwa" kunyumba yamakolo. Chifukwa chake, zovuta zonse zokhala ndi zolowera 60 kapena kupitilira apo zimapangidwa. Nthawi imadutsa ndipo nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zimatha kubwerera kumaenje awo akale, kukonzanso ndikuyamba kukhalamo. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza nkhandwe zoterezi, zomwe nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zopitilira chimodzi.
Kuti zikhale bwino kuti nyama ndi ana ake azikhala mumtanda, malo amasankhidwa osati paphiri lokha, m'nthaka yofewa, komanso pakati pa miyala yomwe ndiyofunika kuti itetezedwe.
Mu Epulo, nyengo yoswana ya nkhandwe ku Arctic imayamba. Nyama zina zimakwatirana, pomwe zina zimakonda mgwirizano wamitala. Mkazi akakhala wotentha, ndewu imachitika pakati pa amuna okhaokha. Chifukwa chake, amakopa chidwi cha osankhidwayo. Kukopana kumatha kuchitika mwanjira ina: wamwamuna amathamangira kutsogolo kwa mkazi ndi fupa, ndodo, kapena chinthu china m'mano mwake.
Mimba ya nkhandwe yaakazi yakumtunda imatenga miyezi yosachepera iwiri. ndipo ndi masiku forte naini mpaka makumi asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi masiku. Mayi woyembekezera akamva kuti abereka posachedwa, m'masabata awiri amayamba kukonzekera nyumba, amakumba mink, amatsuka masamba. Imatha kubzala mwanawankhosa pansi pa chitsamba ngati, pazifukwa zina, ilibe mink woyenera. Ngati chaka chinkakhala chanjala, pakhoza kukhala nkhandwe zazing'ono zinayi kapena zisanu. Zonse zikakhala bwino, ana agalu asanu ndi atatu kapena asanu ndi anayi amabadwa. Wolemba ali pafupi makumi awiri! Zikachitika kuti ana amasiye amasiye m'mayenje pafupi, nthawi zonse amalandiridwa ndi oyandikana nawo wamkazi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zoyera zimabereka ana okhala ndi malaya otentha, komanso amtambo omwe amakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira.
Pafupifupi milungu khumi, makanda amadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere, ndipo atakwanitsa milungu itatu kapena inayi, nkhandwe zimayamba kuchoka pamtsinjemo. Onse makolo amatenga nawo gawo polera ndikudyetsa ana. Pakatha chaka, ana a nkhandwe ku Arctic amakula. Ankhandwe aku Arctic amakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena khumi.
Zowopsa: momwe mungapulumukire nkhandwe ku Arctic
Ngakhale kuti nkhandwe ya Arctic ndi nyama yolusa, ilinso ndi adani. Wolverines amatha kumusaka. Amatha kukhala kapolo wa mimbulu, agalu amisala. Nyamayo imawopanso mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya, monga kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi wachisanu, skua, chiwombankhanga choyera, chiwombankhanga chagolide, ndi zina zambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zimamwalira chifukwa cha njala, motero nyama iliyonse yokongola imeneyi imakalamba.
Ankhandwe aku Arctic amafa chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana - distemper, arctic encephalitis, chiwewe, matenda osiyanasiyana. Kutaya mantha chifukwa chodwala, chinyama chimaganiza zoukira nyama zazikuluzikulu, anthu, nswala, agalu. Nthawi zina nkhandwe yakum'mwera mderali imatha kuyamba kuluma thupi lake, kenako kufa ndi kulumidwa kwake.
M'mbuyomu, anthu ankasaka nkhandwe ku Arctic chifukwa cha malaya ake abwino aubweya, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengerocho chichepe. Chifukwa chake, lero nyengo yosakira ndiyokhazikika. Chifukwa cha kuweta kosavuta kwa nyamayo, nkhandwe za Arctic tsopano zimasungidwa ku ukapolo ndipo Finland ndi Norway ndiomwe akutsogolera nkhaniyi.
