Amazon-kutsogolo kwa buluu (Amazona aestiva) ndi ya dongosolo la Parrot.
Kufalitsa kwa Amazon yakutsogolo.
Amazoni akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu amwazikana kudera lonse la Amazon ku South America. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magawo akulu kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamvula ku Bolivia, Northern Argentina, Paraguay. Sapezeka kumadera ena akumwera kwa Argentina. Chiwerengero chawo chatsika posachedwa chifukwa chodula mitengo komanso kulandidwa pafupipafupi.
Malo okhala kutsogolo kwa Amazon.
Amazons akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu amakhala pakati pa mitengo. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimakhala m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi osefukira. Amakonda malo okhala ndi zisa m'malo osokonekera komanso otseguka kwambiri. M'madera amapiri amapezeka kutalika kwa mita 887.
Zizindikiro zakunja za Amazon yoyang'ana buluu.
Amazoni akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 35-41,5. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 20.5 mpaka 22.5 Mchira wautali umafika masentimita 13. Ma Parrot akuluwa amalemera magalamu 400-520. Nthenga zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira kwambiri. Nthenga zobiriwira zowala zimapezeka pamutu. Nthenga zachikaso zimaimitsa nkhope, mithunzi yomweyi imapezeka kumapeto kwa mapewa awo. Kugawidwa kwa nthenga zachikaso ndi buluu kumachita payekhapayekha, koma zofiira zimaonekera pamapiko. Mlomo ndi waukulu kuyambira 3.0 cm kufika 3.3 cm, makamaka wakuda utoto.
Iris ndi yofiira bulauni kapena bulauni yakuda. Pali mphete yoyera mozungulira maso. Achinyamata a Amazoni amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthunzi zopanda pake komanso ma irises akuda.
Amazoni akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu ndi mbalame zokhala ndi mapiko a monomorphic mwa amuna ndi akazi. Akazi amakhala ndi nthenga zachikasu zochepa. Masomphenya aumunthu samazindikira mitundu yoyandikira pafupi ndi ultraviolet (UV). Ndipo diso la mbalameyi limakhala ndi utoto wokulirapo kwambiri kuposa diso la munthu. Chifukwa chake, mu cheza cha ultraviolet, mtundu wa nthenga za amuna ndi akazi ndizosiyana.
Pali ma subspecies awiri a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe: Amazon yokhala ndi chikasu chamtambo (Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx) ndi Amazona aestiva aestiva (ma subspecies omwe amatchulidwa).
Kutulutsa kwa Amazon yakutsogolo ndi buluu.
Ma Amazoni okhala ndi buluu amakhala okhaokha ndipo amakhala awiriawiri, koma mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimalumikizana ndi gulu lonselo. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, maanja amakhala limodzi nthawi yogona ndi kudyetsa usiku. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kubereka kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe sizimakwanira.
Nthawi yobereketsa ma Amazoni omwe amakhala ndi nkhope yabuluu imayamba kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembara.
Ma Amazoni okhala ndi nkhope yabuluu sangathe kupanga zotsekera mumtengo, choncho amakhala m'mabowo okonzedwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pachisa cha mitengo yamitundumitundu ndi korona wotukuka. Masamba ambiri amakhala m'malo otseguka omwe ali pafupi ndi magwero amadzi. Nthawi imeneyi, zazikazi zimaikira mazira 1 mpaka 6, nthawi zambiri mazira awiri kapena atatu. Pali zowalamulira chimodzi chokha nyengo. Makulitsidwe amachitika mkati mwa masiku 30. Anapiye amaswa pakati pa Seputembara mpaka Okutobala. Amalemera pakati pa 12 ndi 22 magalamu. Anapiye amafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika ndi kudyetsa; amadyetsedwa ndi mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimadya chakudya chosagawanika. Ma parrot achichepere amachoka pachisa mu Novembala-Disembala, ali ndi masiku pafupifupi 56. Zimatengera pafupifupi milungu 9 kuti akhale odziyimira pawokha. Amuna ndi akazi amakula msinkhu akafika zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi. Ma Amazoni okhala ndi buluu amakonda kukhala kundende mpaka zaka 70.
Khalidwe la Amazon wokhala ndi buluu.
Ma Amazoni okhala ndi nkhope yabuluu ndi amodzi okhaokha, mbalame zomwe zimakonda kukhala pagulu chaka chonse. Sindiwo mbalame zosamukasamuka, koma nthawi zina zimasamukira kudera komwe kuli chakudya chochuluka.
Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimadyetsa ziweto zawo kunja kwa nyengo yogona, ndipo zimaswana nthawi yoswana.
Amakhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana, amagona limodzi pansi pa korona wa mitengo mpaka m'mawa, kenako amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Mtundu wa Amazons okhala ndi buluu umasintha, pafupifupi kuphatikiza kwathunthu ndi madera ozungulira. Mbalame, chifukwa chake, mbalame zimatha kuzindikirika ndikulira kwawo kosangalatsa. Podyetsa, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimafunikira malo okulirapo pang'ono kuposa malo awo okhala zisa munthawi yoswana. Kugawa kwawo kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
Mu repertoire ya Amazons okhala ndi buluu, pali ma siginolo asanu ndi anayi amawu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zosiyanasiyana, kudyetsa, kuwuluka, komanso nthawi yolumikizirana.
Monga ma Amazoni ena, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zakutsogolo ndi buluu zimasamala nthenga zawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndimilomo yawo, kuwamvera chisoni.
Kudya Amazon yakutsogolo.
Amazoni okhala ndi nkhope yabuluu makamaka amadya mbewu, zipatso, mtedza, mphukira, masamba, ndi maluwa azomera zachilengedwe zochokera ku Amazon. Amadziwika kuti tizilombo toononga mbewu, makamaka mbewu za zipatso. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zikaleka kuswa anapiye, zimagona m'magulu onse kuti zizidyera limodzi m'mawa ndi kubwerera masana okha. M'nyengo yoswana, mbalame zimadyetsa awiriawiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo kubudula zipatso, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wawo ndi lilime lawo kutulutsa mbewu kapena mbewu ku zipolopolo.
Udindo wazachilengedwe wa Amazons oyang'ana buluu.
Amazoni akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu amadya mbewu zosiyanasiyana, mtedza, zipatso za zomera. Pakudyetsa, amatenga nawo mbali pakufalitsa mbewu potengera chimbudzi ndikusamutsa mbewu kumalo ena.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Ma Amazoni omwe amakhala kutsogolo kwa buluu amapezeka nthawi zonse kuthengo ndipo amapita kumsika wamalonda wamayiko ndi akunja. Mtundu uwu wa chinkhwe wa Amazonia ndi mbalame zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zomwe amagulitsidwa ndi anthu a ku Guara ku Bolivia. Bizinesi iyi imabweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa anthu akumaloko. Kupha nyama mosafunikira ndikofunikira pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma Amazoni okhala ndi buluu m'chilengedwe. Zowononga zosiyanasiyana zimawononga mbalame zogona pamitengo ya mitengo. Pali chidziwitso choti nkhandwe, kadzidzi, nkhwangwa zimasaka mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ku Amazon.
Amazoni akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu amasungidwanso ngati nkhuku, ndipo ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukopa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zakutchire zomwe zatsekedwa.
Mitundu iyi ya Amazons, monga zinkhwe zina zonse za ku Amazonia, ndi tizilombo toononga mbewu zaulimi. Amazoni akuthwa kutsogolo kwa buluu amalimbana ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndi zipatso zina zobzalidwa m'magulu. Alimi ambiri amangowononga mbalame kuti apulumutse mbewu.
Kuteteza kwa Amazon yakutsogolo.
Amazon yakutsogolo ndi buluu idalembedwa ngati Mitundu Yosavomerezeka pa IUCN Red List chifukwa chokhala ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi anthu abwino. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zikucheperachepera, zomwe zingapangitse kuti adzaikidwe m'gulu la "osatetezeka" mtsogolo. Choopseza chachikulu pakupezeka kwa Amazons okhala ndi buluu ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Mitundu ya mbalameyi imangokhala m'mitengo yakale yokhala ndi mabowo. Kudula mitengo ndi kuchotsa mitengo yaming'oma kumachepetsa malo okhala. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zakutsogolo ndi zotetezedwa ndi CITES II ndipo malamulo omwe alipo alipo akuwongolera kugwidwa ndi kugulitsa kwa mbalamezi.
