Chule chodula mtengo (Acris crepitans blanchardi) ndi cha dongosolo la amphibiya opanda zingwe. Analandira dzina lenileni polemekeza a herpetologist a Frank Nelson Blanchard.
Mpaka posachedwa, mitundu iyi ya amphibian idawonedwa ngati yaying'ono ya Acris crepitans, koma kuwunika kwa mitochondrial ndi nyukiliya ya DNA kudawonetsa kuti iyi ndi mitundu ina. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ndi utoto wa chule wamitengo yomwe ikudina imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu iyi kukhala mtundu wina wamsonkho.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chule wamtengo.
Chule chodula mtengo ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono (1.6-3.8 cm) kokutidwa ndi khungu lonyowa. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yamphamvu komanso yayitali polumikizana ndi kukula kwa thupi lonse. Pamwamba pamphepete, pali mawonekedwe olimba pakhungu lama granular. Mtundu wakumbuyo umasiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri imvi kapena bulauni. Anthu ambiri ali ndi kansalu kakuda, kotchulidwa kumbuyo, komwe kuli pamutu pakati pa maso.
Achule ambiri amakhala ndi mzere wapakati wofiirira, wofiira, kapena wobiriwira. Nsagwada zakumtunda zili ndi malo owongoka, amdima. Anthu ambiri ali ndi mzere wopanda kufanana, wakuda pa ntchafu. Belly wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira kapena yobiriwira.
Thumba la mawu limakhala lakuda, nthawi zina limakhala ndi chikasu chachikaso nthawi yobereka. Manambala akumbuyo amakhala ndi zingwe zambiri, okhala ndi zotchinga zosakhwima, amakhala otuwa kapena otuwa, okhala ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena wachikaso.
Mapadi kumapeto kwa zala zawo amakhala osawoneka, motero achule sangathe kumamatira kumtunda ngati mitundu ina ya zamoyo.
Tadpoles okhala ndi matupi otalika komanso zipsepse zazing'ono zopindika. Maso amakhala mozungulira.
Mchirawo ndi wakuda, wopepuka kunsonga, tadpoles omwe amakhala mumitsinje ndi madzi omveka, monga lamulo, ali ndi mchira wowala.
Kufalitsa kwa chule chodula mtengo.
Achule amitengo odula amapezeka ku Canada m'mphepete mwa Ontario komanso ku Mexico. Mitundu iyi ya amphibian imagawidwa kwambiri kumpoto kwa Mtsinje wa Ohio komanso kumwera kwa United States, kumadzulo kwa Mtsinje wa Mississippi. Anthu angapo amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Mississippi ndipo m'modzi kumpoto kwa Kentucky kumwera chakum'mawa. Mtundu wa chule wamtengo wophatikizira umaphatikizapo: Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi. Komanso Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Ohio. Amakhala ku South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin.
Malo okhalira achule a mtengo.
Chule chodula mtengo chimapezeka kulikonse komwe kuli madzi ndipo ndi mitundu yambiri ya amphibiya m'malo awo ambiri. Amakhala m'mayiwe, mitsinje, mitsinje, madzi aliwonse oyenda pang'onopang'ono, kapena madzi ena osatha. Mosiyana ndi achule ena ang'onoang'ono, kudula achule amitengo kumakonda madzi osatha kuposa maiwe kapena madambo. Kudina mtengo wa chule kumapewa malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa chule wamtengo.
Kudina achule amtengo ndi akatswiri olumpha amphibian olumpha. Pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yakumbuyo yamphamvu, amadzikakamiza kuchoka pansi ndikudumpha pafupifupi mita zitatu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi m'matope amatope ndipo amathamangira m'madzi moyo ukawaopseza. Achule achule amtengo samakonda madzi akuya, ndipo m'malo mothawira ngati achule ena, amasambira kupita kumalo ena abwinoko pagombe.
Kuswana achule amtengo.
Kudina achule amtundu kumabereka mochedwa, mu Juni kapena Julayi, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, koma kuyimba kuchokera kwa amuna kumamveka kuyambira February mpaka Julayi ku Texas, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Julayi ku Missouri ndi Kansas, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Julayi ku Wisconsin. "Kuyimba" kwa amuna kumamveka ngati chitsulo "kuphulika, kuphulika," ndikofanana ndikumenya miyala iwiri motsutsana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, amuna amayankha ku timiyala tomwe anthu amabala kuti akope achule. Achule azimuna odula mitengo nthawi zambiri amayitana masana.
Amayamba "kuyimba" pang'onopang'ono, kenako ndikuwonjezera liwiro lawo kwakuti sizingathe kusiyanitsa mawu amawu payekha.
Akazi amapanga mazira angapo, mpaka mazira 200 pagulu lililonse. Nthawi zambiri zimamera m'madzi osaya, pomwe madzi amatenthetsa bwino, akuya masentimita 0.75. Mazira amadziphatika kuzomera zapansi pamadzi pang'ono pang'ono. Kukula kumachitika m'madzi pamatenthedwe opitilira madigiri makumi awiri ndi awiri. Tadpoles ndi pafupifupi inchi yaitali kutuluka, ndipo amakula kukhala achule akulu pasanathe milungu 7. Achinyamata achule achule amitengo amakhalabe achangu kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amabisala mochedwa kuposa achule achikulire.
Chakudya cha chule chodula mtengo.
Kusindikiza achule amtengo amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana: udzudzu, midge, ntchentche, zomwe amatha kugwira. Amadya chakudya chambiri modabwitsa.
Zifukwa zotheka kuti chule chodula mtengo chisowemo.
Manambala a Acris crepitans blanchardi atsika kwambiri kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwamtunduwu. Kutsika uku kudapezeka koyamba mzaka za m'ma 1970 mpaka lero. Kudina achule amitengo, monga mitundu ina ya amphibian, zimawopsezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwawo pakusintha kwachilengedwe ndi kuwonongeka. Palinso kugawanika kwa malo okhala, komwe kumawonekera pakupanga kwa chule chodula mtengo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, feteleza, poizoni ndi zoipitsa zina
Kusintha kwanyengo, kuwonjezeka kwa radiation ya ultraviolet ndikuwonjezeka kwa chidwi cha amphibiya pazovuta za anthropogenic zikubweretsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha achule amitengo.
Kuteteza kwa chule la mtengo.
Chule chodula mtengo sichikhala ndi chisamaliro chapadera ku IUCN, chifukwa chimafalikira kwambiri kum'mawa kwa North America ndi Mexico. Mitunduyi mwina ndi anthu ambiri ndipo imagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Potengera izi, chule la mtengo lomwe limadulidwa ndi la mitundu yomwe nambala yake ndi "yosadetsa nkhawa." Mkhalidwe wosungira - udindo G5 (wotetezeka). M'zinthu zachilengedwe, mitundu iyi ya amphibiya imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa tizilombo.
