Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), wotchedwanso subantarctic penguin, kapena wodziwika bwino kuti gento penguin, ndi wa dongosolo lokhala ngati penguin.
Gentoo penguin imafalikira.
Ma penguin a Gentoo amagawidwa makamaka ku Southern Hemisphere, pakati pa madigiri 45 mpaka 65 kumwera chakumwera. M'madera amenewa, amapezeka kuzilumba za Antarctic komanso pazilumba zambiri za subantarctic. Pafupifupi 13% yama penguin onse amakhala kumwera kwa ayezi a Antarctic.
Imodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri a gentoo penguin ndi Zilumba za Falkland ku South Atlantic Ocean. Pafupifupi 40% ya anthu amtundu uwu amapezeka pachilumbachi.
Malo okhala ma Gentoo penguin.
Penguin amakonda kukhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja. Izi zimathandiza anyani kuti azitha kufikira msanga malo awo odyetserako ziweto. Amakonda kukwera mpaka mita 115 pamwamba pa nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chifukwa chipale chofewa m'malo amenewa chimasungunuka. Kutalika kwambiri, kumakhala mwayi wofika kumeneko chisanu chikayamba kusungunuka nthawi yotentha. Maderawa amakhala athyathyathya komanso oyenera zisa. Ma Penguin amakonda mbali yakumpoto, komwe sikutentha kotentha. Chofunikira kwambiri pamalowo ndi ghent, womwe ndi gawo lapansi lokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono tating'ono, nthawi zambiri mpaka masentimita 5 m'mimba mwake. Miyala iyi ndi yomwe imamanga chisa cholimba chomwe chimapulumuka nyengo yonse yobereketsa.
Anyani amathera nthawi yawo munyanja m'madzi kuti adye. Maulendowa nthawi zambiri amakhala achidule, ndikutuluka kwakutali kwambiri komwe kumakhala pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri. Ma penguin a Gentoo nthawi zambiri amalumphira pansi mpaka mamita 3 mpaka 20, ndipo nthawi zina amathamangira mpaka 70 mita.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa gentoo penguin.
Mwa mitundu 17 ya ma penguin, gentoo penguin ndiye wachitatu kukula kwambiri. Mbalame wamkulu imakhala masentimita 76. Kulemera kumasiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo, ndipo kumatha kukhala kuchokera ku 4.5 mpaka 8.5 kilogalamu.
Monga mitundu yonse ya ma penguin, pansi pake pa gentoo penguin ndi yoyera ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ndi yakuda.
Mtundu wokongola uwu umapangitsa kusiyanasiyana modabwitsa. Mtunduwu ndiwofunikira pakusambira pansi pamadzi pomwe nyama zolusa zimayang'ana nyama yawo. Mbali yakuda imalumikizana ndi utoto wapansi panyanja ndipo imalola ma penguin kukhalabe osawoneka akamayang'aniridwa kuchokera pansi.
Ma Gentoo penguin amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ma penguin pamizere yawo. Ma wedges awiri oyera ozungulira maso amayandikira midline kudzera pamwamba pamutu. Nthenga zazikulu ndi zakuda, koma nthenga zoyera ngati mawanga ang'onoang'ono ziliponso.
Pali nthenga 70 pa sikweya imodzi ya matupi awo. Ma penguin a Gentoo amatchedwanso "ngayaye penguins" chifukwa michira yawo ili ndi nthenga zambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya anyani. Mchira umakhala wautali masentimita 15 ndipo umakhala ndi nthenga 14 - 18. Ndikofunikira kwa ma penguin omwe nthenga amakhalabe opanda madzi nthawi zonse. Nthawi zonse amapaka nthenga ndi chinthu chapadera, chomwe chimafinyidwa kutuluka m'mimba ndi mulomo, womwe uli kumapeto kwa mchira.
Miyendo ya gentoo penguin ndiyolimba, yolimba ndi zikopa zazingwe za utoto wowala wa lalanje wokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali zakuda. Mlomo ndi wakuda pang'ono, koma uli ndi chigamba chowala chakuda cha lalanje chokhala ndi malo ofiira mbali iliyonse. Mtundu wa malowa umadziwika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mitundu ya carotenoid yomwe imayamwa kuchokera ku krill kudzera pakumeza.
Pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Wamphongo ndi wokulirapo kuposa wamkazi, kuwonjezera apo, ali ndi milomo yayitali, mapiko ndi miyendo.
Anapiye okutidwa ndi imvi fluffy chivundikiro, kukometsa milomo. Ma wedges oyera kuzungulira maso amawonekera kale ali aang'ono; komabe, samatanthauziridwa momveka bwino monga akulu. Ma penguin amakhala ndi nthenga za mbalame zazikulu zitatha miyezi 14.
Kubereka kwa gentoo penguin.
Mu ma gentoo penguin, wamwamuna amasankha malo abwino kwambiri opangira zisa. Madera akulu ndi malo athyathyathya opanda chipale chofewa kapena ayezi. Mwamuna amayitana mkazi ndi mfuwu waukulu kuti aone malowo.
Penguin ndi mbalame zokhazokha zokhazokha ndipo zimakwatirana moyo wonse. Koma nthawi zina, mkazi amasankha wokwatirana naye watsopano. Chiwerengero cha anthu osudzulana ndi ochepera 20 peresenti, yomwe ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya anyani.
Penguin amatha kuyamba kubzala zaka ziwiri, ngakhale atakwanitsa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Ma peyala opitilira 2000 amakhala mdera limodzi.
Zisa zimayala pafupifupi mita imodzi. Onse makolo akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa. Ndi chozungulira ngati cylindrical m'mphepete mwake komanso pakati. Kukula kwa chisa kumayambira 10 mpaka 20 cm kutalika komanso pafupifupi masentimita 45 m'mimba mwake. Zisa zimapangidwa ndi miyala yaying'ono, kuphatikizapo miyala yobedwa kuzisa zina. Pafupifupi, miyala yoposa 1,700 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito nthenga, nthambi ndi udzu.
Oviposition imayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kumapeto kwa Okutobala-Novembala. Mkazi amaikira dzira limodzi kapena awiri.
Mazira ndi ozungulira, obiriwira oyera. Makulitsidwewo amatha masiku 35. Anapiye amawoneka ofooka ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 96. Amakhala pachisa masiku 75 mpaka atakhazikika. Ma penguin achichepere amatha zaka 70 ndipo amapita kunyanja koyamba. Pafupifupi, ma gentoo penguin amakhala zaka 13.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa gentoo penguin.
Penguin ndi mbalame zakutchire ndipo amateteza zisa zawo ndi madera oyandikana ndi chisa, pafupifupi 1 mita mita imodzi kukula.
Nthawi zambiri, amakhala malo amodzi momwe amaswilira.
Chifukwa chachikulu chosunthira mbalame kumalo ena ndikapangidwe ka madzi oundana m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake mbalamezo zimapeza malo opanda ayezi.
Anapiyewo atathawa ndikusiya malo awo okhala, mbalame zazikulu zimayamba kusungunuka chaka chilichonse. Molting ndiyamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo ma penguin amayenera kudzikundikira malo ogulitsa mafuta, chifukwa kusungunuka kumatha masiku 55. Munthawi imeneyi ma gentoo penguin sangathe kudya m'nyanja ndipo amataya pafupifupi 200 magalamu patsiku.
Chakudya cha pengwini wa Gentoo.
Ma penguin a Gentoo amadya nsomba, crustaceans ndi cephalopods. Krill ndi shrimp ndiye chakudya chachikulu.
Kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala, ma gentoo penguin amadya notothenia ndi nsomba. Cephalopods amapanga 10% yokha yazakudya zawo mchaka; awa ndi octopus ndi squid ang'ono.
Zochita za Gentoo Penguin Conservation.
Zochita zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:
- Kuwunika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kosungunuka kwa mitundu ya pengwini komanso kuteteza malo okhala ndi zisa.
- Kuwononga kwamafuta m'malo opangira ndi kudyetsa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
- Letsani alendo onse kuti ayandikire koloniyo pamtunda wosakwana 5 mita ndikupanga malo oletsa alendo.
- Kuthetsa mitundu yowononga: mbewa, nkhandwe kuzilumba za Falkland.
Zotsatira zakusodza kulikonse komwe akufuna kuti nsomba zizikhala m'malo a gentoo penguin ziyenera kuwunikidwa mosamala asadaloledwe kusodza.
