Dzina lachi Latin la wren ndi troglodytidae. Zikumveka zowopsa, koma nthenga zokha ndizotalika masentimita 9-22 komanso magalamu 7-15 polemera. Pamodzi ndi mafumu ndi mbalame za hummingbird, wren ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri.
Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa omwe amapita; imapezeka m'nkhalango za Russia. Ptakha amawasiya m'dzinja. Mbalame yosamukayi imabwerera pakati pa Epulo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a wren
Wren - mbalame thupi lolimba. Thupi la nyama likuyang'ana mozungulira, popeza lilibe khosi. Zikuwoneka kuti mutu wawukulu komanso wozungulira walumikizidwa, kuupitirira. Mchira umaperekanso kufinya kwa ma wren. Sichi "wala "m'litali. Momwe mbalame imakhalira imagwedezeka, makamaka mbalame ikakhala. Izi zimabisa kutalika kwa mchira.
Zojambula kulephera mumayendedwe abulauni. Mithunzi ya mabokosi imapambana. Amakhala opepuka pamimba. Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyi kumakhala ndi matani 3-4 akuda.
Wren ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri, ngakhale yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mpheta
Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a mbalameyi amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame za m'banja la warbler. Kusiyana kwake kulibe nsidze zoyera. Mu warblers, amafotokozedwa momveka bwino.
Chosiyanitsa china cha wren ndi mulomo wake. Ndi yopyapyala komanso yopindika. Ndikosavuta kugwira tizilombo monga choncho. Midges yaying'ono ndi akangaude ndiwo maziko azakudya za mbalamezo. Kwenikweni, ndichifukwa chake wren amasamukira. Kuti mukhale m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusintha kuti mudye zipatso ndi mazira oundana. Wren samanyalanyaza, kupita kumadera odzaza ndi tizilombo chaka chonse.
Wren kuyatsa chithunzi imawoneka yaying'ono. Koma kukula kwenikweni kwa mbalameyo sikugwidwa kawirikawiri. M'malo mwake, mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa mpheta.
Mphamvu ya mawu a wren imawoneka kuti ikufanana ndi kukula kwake. Ngwazi ya nkhaniyi ili ndi kuimba kwamphamvu, kwakukulu. Ma trill a mbalame ndi olimba komanso osokonekera pang'ono, amamveka ngati "trick-t-tick".
Mverani kuyimba kwa ma wren
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okondedwa a ngwazi ya nkhaniyi amabisika mu dzina lake. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imabisala m'nkhalango. Komabe, mmalo mwake, nthenga imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ferns, raspberries, kapena milu ya mitengo yopangira mphepo. Ndi wren wake yemwe amafunafuna m'nkhalango zowuma, zotumphuka komanso zosakanikirana. Ndikofunika kuti akhale ndi zitsamba, mphepo, zonse zomwe zimayala m'deralo.
Mizu yosandulika, mitengo ikuluikulu yakugwa, milu yamitengo yamitengo ndi zitsamba, udzu ndizofunikira kuti ma wrens azitha kubisalira nyama zolusa ndi kukaikira mazira. M'malo ovuta, odutsa amabisa mazira angapo. Zinyalala zozungulira zimathandizanso ngati zomangira zisa. Amayang'aniridwa ndi moss, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono.
Ngati pali nkhalango, ma wrens amakhala m'mapiri ndi m'zigwa, komanso pafupi ndi nyanja ndi madambo, komanso zipululu. Anthu omwe amakhala m'malo omwe nyengo yawo ili yoipa amapulumutsidwa limodzi ku chimfine. Mbalame zimakhamukira anthu angapo pachisa. Mbalame zothinirana zimachepetsa kutentha.
Mwa njirayi, gawo la anthu omwe amakhala wren amakhala chete. Mbalame zisafuna madera akumpoto ndizosamuka. Komabe, ma wrens nawonso amapezeka kunja kwa Russia. Mitundu ina yamabanja imakhala ku America, Africa, Asia, ndi mayiko aku Europe. Ku Russia, nthumwi ya mtundu wopitilira imawonekera nthawi imodzi ndi zigamba zoyambirira zosungunuka.
Mitundu ya mbalame
Ornithologists amawerengera 60 oimira banja la wren. Ku Russia, wamba amapezeka. Kutalika, imakula mpaka masentimita 10, imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 7-10. Nthenga zofiirira za mbalameyi zimawafiira. M'mbali mwa wren wamba, mitsinje yopingasa imawonekera, ndipo pamwamba pa maso pali mawonekedwe a nsidze zowala.
Ku America, nyumba ndizambiri. Ndi yayikulu kuposa kuposa masentimita 3-4 kutalika. Oimira mitunduyo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 13. Kukula pang'ono sikulepheretsa mbalame zapanyumba kukwera m'misasa ya mbalame zina ndikuwononga mazira awo. Makamaka, mikanda yazakudya ndi mawere amadyedwa. Mtundu wina wa ma wrens, wamtali wautali, nawonso umavutika ndi brownie.
Zingwe zazitali zazitali, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, zimasiyana mchira kutalika. Sikuwoneka ngati "maburashi" amfupi a nthenga za obadwa nawo. Mtundu wa nthenga ndizosiyana. Palibe pafupifupi kufiira mmenemo. Mawonekedwe ofiira ozizira amapambana.
Palinso la Stefanoshrub wren... Amangokhala pachilumba cha Stevens. Ptakha amadziwika ndi nthenga zake za bulauni ndi maolivi komanso amalephera kuuluka. Mapiko ang'onoang'ono a mbalame yocheperako amalephera kukweza m'mlengalenga.
Komabe, kodi Stephen akupeza moyo? Oimira mitunduyo sanawoneke kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake amadziwika kuti atha. Amphaka omwe abweretsedwa pachilumbachi akuimbidwa mlandu wakufa kwa anthu. Iwo adagwira mbalame zonse zomwe sizingathe kuwuluka kuchoka kwa olakwirawo.
Mbalame za Stephen zimatchedwa mwanjira ina New Zealand amawomberamonga Island ya Stevens ili kunyanja ya New Zealand. Nthawi ina, asayansi amati, mitundu ya zamoyo zomwe zatha idakhala m'maiko akuluakulu mdziko muno. Koma, m'zaka za zana la 19, gawolo lidasankhidwa ndi Aamaori.
Stephen's kapena New Zealand amawombera
Anthuwo anabweretsa makoswe otchedwa Polynesia. Talingalira kale amene adafafaniza zitsamba pa continent? Makoswewo ankaona kuti mbalame zosathawa zimadya mosavuta. Ndizo chifukwa cha imfa ya shrub wrens # 1. Amphaka amangoti "ikani Finyani" pamkhalidwewo.
Palinso mitundu yopeka ya wren. Zokwanira kukumbukira masewera apakompyuta Wowhead. Zatero dziwe likuyenda... Chinthu chapaderachi sichifanana kwenikweni ndi mbalame. Wren mu masewerawa ndi galimoto yomwe imapereka ufulu m'madzi komanso m'malo opanda mpweya.
Chakudya cha wren
M'nthano zopeka, ma wren samafunsidwa kuti adye kapena kumwa. Mbalame yeniyeni imadya nthawi zambiri, imadzaza mimba yake kukana. Izi ndizofanana ndi nyama zazing'ono. Chinyontho chomwe mimba yawo imatha kukhala nacho ndikokwanira mphamvu zochepa. Atatha kudya, wren amafunanso kudya. Mbalame imafa osadya pafupipafupi.
Zakudya za wrens zimaphatikizapo nkhono, ma millipedes, akangaude, mbozi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mbozi, mazira a mbalame zina zazing'ono ndi zopanda mafupa.
Gawo la anthu omwe akukhala mopitilira muyeso ku Russia amalandira zipatso pamenyu. Koma, kwenikweni, mbalame zimayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi akasupe ndi mitsinje yomwe siuma. Mwa iwo, mbalame zimapeza tizilombo ta m'madzi, mphutsi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wren
Mbalame zazing'ono kuswana kumayambira kumapeto kwa Epulo, koyambirira kwa Meyi. Zisa zimamangidwa ndi amuna. Iwo, ngati anthu akusamukira kudziko lina, ndi oyamba kubwerera kudziko lakwawo. Atakonzekera "kupondaponda", amuna a wrens amakumana ndi akazi ndikukula kwachinyamata.
Amuna samangomanga zisa zokha, komanso amasankha bwino malo awo. Pakuyenera kukhala ndi gwero la madzi oyera ndi zitsamba zaudzu ndi tchire pafupi. Ndikofunikanso kuti malo omwe mumawakonda ndi okwanira.
Wrens ali ndi zisa 5-7 pafupi. Zina mwa izo zimakhala pansi, zina zimayikidwa panthambi za tchire, ndipo zina zili m'mabowo a mitengo yakugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, yamphongo iliyonse imapanga zisa zingapo. Amasiyidwa osamalizidwa. Chokhacho chomwe mkazi amasankha pamapeto pake ndi amene amabweretsedwa ku "malingaliro".
Wrens amapanga zisa zokhala ndi mipanda yolimba, yokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 12 masentimita. Ziyenera kukhala ndi mazira 6 - kuchuluka kwa clutch wren. Pakatha chaka, mbalame ziwiri zimabereka kawiri, kutola anapiye kwa milungu iwiri.
M'chithunzicho muli wren mu chisa
Mazira a Wren ndi oyera ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimakhala ndi nthawi yolera mibadwo 8. Wrens samakhala ndi moyo zaka 4. Ngati muweta mbalame, imatha kusangalatsa zaka 10-12. Izi ndi zolemba zakutali kwa wrens mu ukapolo.
