Boletus boletus amawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Bowa wonunkhira, wokoma komanso wathanzi amatoleredwa mudengu pafupi ndi kubzala kwa birches, hornbeams ndi popula. Bowa wa Boletus amakula m'malo otsika kwambiri komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Kutali, anthu amawona zipewa za bowa zomwe zimatuluka pansi pa masamba ndi udzu.
Brown birch amapanga mgwirizano wa mycorrhizal ndi birches, monga umboni wa bowa. Amapezeka ku Europe, Himalaya, Asia ndi madera ena a Northern Hemisphere. Ma subspecies ena asankha mitengo ya paini kapena beech, kunja kwa madambo.
Birch wofiirira ndi mitundu yaku Europe. Koma imayambitsidwa ndi ma birches okongoletsa obzalidwa kunja kwa chilengedwe chawo, mwachitsanzo, ku California, New Zealand ndi Australia.
Kufotokozera
Poyamba, chipewacho chimakhala chakumtunda, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 5-15. Pakapita nthawi, chimakhala chofewa. Chivundikirocho chimakhala chofiirira kapena chofiirira chofiirira, kenako chimasiya, chimakhala chofiirira, chosalala, chopanda utoto, chouma komanso chochepa m'malo otentha.
Muzitsanzo zazing'ono, ma pores ndi oyera, pambuyo pake amakhala otuwa. M'mazira akale a boletus birch pores, ma pores a villi amatuluka, mozungulira mwendo amakakamizidwa kwambiri. Zovala za pore zimachotsedwa mosavuta pa kapu ya bowa.
Pesi ndi lopyapyala ndipo limakwera m'mwamba, masentimita 5-15 kutalika ndi mulitali wa 1-3.5 cm, wokutidwa ndi mamba. Ndi oyera, akuda mpaka wakuda. Mycelium yayikulu ndi yoyera. Mnofu wake umakhala woyererako, pambuyo pake umakhala woyera.
M'magulu, thupi la bowa limakhala lolimba, koma posakhalitsa limakhala losalala, lotayirira ndikusunga madzi, makamaka m'malo achinyezi. Amasanduka wakuda mutaphika.
Kodi akatswiri ophikira amakonzekera bwanji birch
Boletus amathiridwa mchere kapena kuzifutsa mu viniga. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazakudya zosakanikirana za bowa, zokazinga kapena zotentha. Nthawi zambiri otola bowa ku Finland ndi Russia amatenga mtengo wa birch. Ku North America (New England ndi Rockies), gwiritsani ntchito mosamala.
Mitundu ya boletus yodyedwa
Boletus marsh
Chipewa
Matupi obala zipatso amakongoletsedwa ndi zisoti zotsekemera mpaka masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake ndi chidutswa chochepa cha "minofu" yozungulira m'mphepete mwake. Nthawi zambiri zoyera zoyera, makamaka m'matupi ang'onoang'ono obala zipatso, zipewa nthawi zina zimakhala zobiriwira, zotuwa, zapinki, zimasanduka mdima ndi msinkhu.
Pamwamba pake pamakutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino, koma pambuyo pake limakhala losalala, lokhala ndi zomata zokalamba kapena pansi ponyowa. Zamkati ndi zoyera ndipo sizimakhala ndi fungo kapena kakomedwe kosiyana.
Pali kusintha pang'ono pakasweka. Pansi pamunsi pali phulusa lomwe lili ndi ma pores ochulukirapo 2 mpaka 3 pa mamilimita. Machubu a Pore mpaka 2.5 cm kuya. Mtundu wa Pore kuchokera pakuyera mpaka imvi, bulauni yakuda.
Mwendo
Pamwamba pa tsinde pamakhala mikwingwirima yaying'ono, yolimba yomwe imada ndi ukalamba. Kutalika kwa mwendo ndi masentimita 8-14, m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 1-2. M'munsi mwa mwendo nthawi zambiri mumakhala mabuluu.
Kukhazikika
Bowa amadziwika kuti ndi wodyedwa, ngakhale malingaliro amasiyana pamalingaliro ake odyera. Amakololedwa mnofu usanakhale wonenepa ndipo ma arthropods amayala mphutsi zawo. Bowawo ndi wofewa, wokoma pang'ono kukoma, umakula pambuyo pophika pang'ono. Kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumathandizira pakamwa koma kumachepetsa kukoma.
Boletus wamba
Tsinde
Miyendo yoyera yoyera kapena yoyera yotalikirapo 7-20 cm, mainchesi 2-3 masentimita. Mamba a bulauni akuda amaphimba nkhope yonseyo, koma pansi pakepo. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimakhala m'miyendo yoboola ngati mbiya. Muzitsanzo zokhwima, zimayambira zimakhala zocheperako, zimangoyang'ana pamwamba.
Chipewa
Zipewa zimawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, nthawi zina yokhala ndi yofiira kapena imvi (palinso zisoti zoyera), masentimita 5 mpaka 15 kudutsa ikakulitsidwa kwathunthu, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopunduka, m'mbali mwake ndi wavy. Pamwambapo pamakhala poyala bwino (kumamveka ngati velvet), koma imakhazikika pokalamba.
Tsinde zamkati
Thupi loyera kapena pinki pang'ono likadulidwa kapena kuthyoka, koma silitembenuza buluu - lothandiza podziwitsa. Bowa ndiwosangalatsa kununkhiza komanso kulawa, koma samatchulidwa kwambiri.
Boletus wankhanza
Mwendo
Makulidwe 8-20 × 2-4 masentimita, olimba, owonda, subcylindrical, olimba, amachulukitsa pakatikati ndikuchepera pansi ndi pamwamba. Mtunduwo ndi woyera, wobiriwira wabuluu pafupi ndi nthaka. Poyamba amakongoletsedwa ndi masikelo ofiira, koma posakhalitsa amasintha mtundu kukhala wofiirira kapena wakuda-wakuda. Ma longitudinal squamules amapanga nthiti yakuda ndikukweza pamwamba pa tsinde.
Chipewa
Imvi-beige, imvi-bulauni, imawoneka mobwerezabwereza, nthawi zambiri imayang'aniridwa ndi mthunzi wa ocher, 6-18 cm kudutsa. Chipewa chimakhala chakumtunda poyamba, ndiye chimakhala chokhotakhota, chokhazikika pamayendedwe amoyo. Chosalala chokomera, chosalongosoka chimang'ambika mouma.
Thupi lolimba, lolimba mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, zofewa muzitsanzo zokhwima, zolimba mu tsinde. Oyera pamtanda amakhala pinki wotumbululuka, kenako imvi yakuda. Pansi pa mwendo, malo obiriwira abuluu amawonekera m'chigawochi. Fungo ndiloperewera, ndikumva kukoma pang'ono.
Kukhazikika ndi kawopsedwe
Amawona ngati abwino ataphika, kupatula tsinde, lomwe limatayidwa chifukwa chakukula kwake ndi khungu.
Boletus wamitundu yambiri
Ili ndi kapu yamitundu 5-15 masentimita kudutsa ikakulitsidwa kwathunthu. Amawoneka m'nkhalango zazikulu pansi pa mitengo ya birch kapena m'malo amvula ozizira, kuyambira utoto wonyezimira mpaka wapakati bulauni komanso wakuda.
Chipewa chimakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamawangamawanga yamawangamawanga kuchokera kumabala owala / mikwingwirima. Kapangidwe kake ndi kokhwima kapena kakang'ono m'mabowa achichepere. Zimasalala ndi ukalamba. Thupi loyera limasanduka pinki pansi pa cuticle ikathyoledwa kapena kudula. Pansi pamunsi pa tsinde, mnofuwo umasanduka wobiriwira komanso wabuluu.
Tsinde
Chofiira choyera kapena chowala kwambiri, kutalika kwa 7-15 cm, 2-3 masentimita kudutsa, choloza pamwamba. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zokhala ndi zimayambira zooneka ngati mbiya; yochulukirapo pafupipafupi pakukhwima, koma kumangoyang'ana pamwamba. Mamba pa tsinde ndi yakuda kapena yakuda bulauni. Kukoma kwa ma boletus amitundu yambiri ndi bowa mwachilengedwe, wopanda fungo labwino.
Boletus pinki
Chipewa
Ndi awiri a 3-20 cm, owuma komanso osalala kapena owuma pang'ono, mnofu komanso olimba. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimakhala ngati theka-mpira. Ndi ukalamba, zimayambira pilo, m'mbali mwake mulibe, pang'ono pang'ono. M'mikhalidwe yamvula, kapuyo imakhala yocheperako pang'ono mpaka kukhudza.
Tsinde
Mawonekedwewo ndi ozungulira. Zamkati zimakhala zolimba, zoyera. Mwendowo ndi wa 15-20 cm, kutalika kwa 1-4 cm, wonenepa pang'ono pafupi ndi nthaka. Ma fibrous akunja, otuwa kapena abulauni okhala ndi sikelo yakuda kapena yakuda.
Zamkati
Mvula ikatha imamasuka, imagwa. Mtunduwo ndi wachikasu, woyera kapena wotuwa, umatenga chinyezi mwachangu. Mukapanikizika ndimakina, utoto umasungidwa.
Gray boletus
Chipewa
Zosakhazikika, zamakwinya, mpaka masentimita 14 kudutsa, mthunzi kuchokera ku bulauni wa azitona mpaka imvi yofiirira. Muzitsanzo zosakhwima, mawonekedwe a dziko lapansi, mu bowa wakupsa amafanana ndi mtsamiro. Zamkati ndi zofewa, zimataya kukoma kwake ndi ukalamba. Mdulidwewo ndi wa pinki, kenako wotuwa komanso wakuda. Fungo lokoma ndi kulawa zimatsalira.
Tsinde
Cylindrical, pamwamba pa sikelo, kutalika kwa 5-13 cm, mpaka 4 cm m'mimba mwake, imvi, pang'ono bulauni pansipa.
Buluu wakuda
Chipewa
5-15 masentimita kudutsa, m'mbali mwake muli obisika. Pamwamba pamakhala osalala, amaliseche, osanyowa, ofiira kapena akuda, muzitsanzo zazing'ono zazing'ono, kenako zimakhazikika, kenako zimakhala zosalala.
Mwendo
Wokhala ngati mbiya, masentimita 5-20 m'litali, masentimita 2-3 m'mimba mwake. Imakhuthala pang'ono m'munsi, imvi kapena imvi, yokutidwa ndi masikelo akuda akuda. Mnofu wa kapu ndiwosangalatsa kwa kununkhira ndi zonunkhira, mnofu. Amasiya kukoma mtima ndi ukalamba.
Mitengo yabirch yabodza
Chipewa chakufa
Alenje okolola bowa popanda kudziwa amatenga toadstool owopsa pansi pa aspen, birch, beech (komanso boletus), amasokoneza ndi madambo. Koma bowa wakupha ameneyu alibe mankhwala.
Chipewa cha toadstool wachinyamata chimakhala mpaka masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake, ozungulira, chofewa ndi msinkhu, chikuwala. Pamwambapo pamakhala ponyezimira, nthawi zina zobiriwira kapena maolivi. Pali khafu yeniyeni pansi pa chipewa. Tsinde lopyapyala lopanda masikelo, lokulitsidwa m'munsi ndipo lili mu mtundu wa kapisozi.
Zamkati zimatulutsa fungo labwino la bowa, losalimba, loyera, lokoma. Amadziwika ndi hymenophore kumunsi kwa kapu. Mbale zazikulu zoyera zimawoneka bwino pansipa. Mwa ichi, mphini sikuwoneka ngati birch wa bowa wam'mimba.
Bowa wam'mimba
Anthu samadya, bowa wa ndulu amakoma owawa komanso owawa. Amakhala ndi poyizoni, akunja amafanana ndi boletus wokhala ndi pinki.
Chipewa
Maonekedwe a dziko lapansi lonyezimira samapitilira mainchesi 15. Pamwambapa pamakhala bulauni kapena bulauni yopepuka.
Tsinde
Pali mawonekedwe amdima wakuda pafupi ndi kapu ya mwendo; pakati pake imakhuthala.
Mukathyoledwa, thupi loyera loyera limasanduka pinki, kuposa bowa wonyenga womwe umatsanzira boletus ya pinki. Mosasamala kanthu za kukhudzidwa kwake, machubu a fungus onyenga sataya mtundu wawo wowala wapinki. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti mitundu yodyedwa imakhala ndi ma tubules osalala ndipo amatembenukira pinki nthawi yopuma.
Zizindikiro zotumiza mitengo yabodza ya birch
Anthu akamadya toolstool yotumbululuka, samva chilichonse mpaka pomwe poizoniyo amalowa mpaka mkati mwa minofu ndi ziwalo zaubongo. Munthu amasanza penapake m'maola 12, amadwala matenda otsekula m'mimba, thupi limakhala lopanda madzi. Ndiye pali chikhululukiro chochepa kwa masiku 2-3. Pa tsiku la 3-5, chiwindi ndi impso zimalephera. Ngati zidyete zambiri zidadyedwa, nthawi ya kuledzera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kumathamanga.
Ndizosatheka kuti muphe poizoni ndi bowa wa ndulu. Kukoma kwake kokoma kumapangitsa ngakhale oyesera kwambiri. Ndipo bowa umodzi wa ndulu, pophika, udzawononga dengu lonse la mitengo ya bulauni ya birch, wophikayo amataya mbaleyo atalawa. Chithunzi chachipatala ndi chimodzimodzi ndi poyizoni aliyense, koma wopanda chowopsa chilichonse.
Kodi mitengo ya boletus imakololedwa kuti komanso liti?
Bowa asankha nkhalango zowirira m'malo otentha ndikusankha kuyeretsa kwa mycelium pafupi ndi birches, komwe mycorrhiza imapangidwa.
Bowa wachinyamata ndi wolimba komanso wolimba palpation. Amasankha malo otseguka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, kuwoloka ndi njira. Makungwa a birch sakonda dothi lokhala ndi acidified pafupi ndi peat bogs, amasankha nthaka m'nkhalango zotsika ndi gawo lokhala ndi ndale kapena laimu. Anthu amatenga bowa kuyambira Meyi mpaka nthawi yozizira yophukira komanso chisanu choyamba. Mmodzi wa subspecies, ndi marsh boletus, amakhala pamatumba a peat pafupi ndi madambo.
Mabanja ang'onoang'ono kapena amodzi amakula mabulosi amitundu yambiri. Zipewa zawo zosiyanasiyana zimakopa otola bowa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Bowa amadulidwa pansi pa birches ndi popula. Ma Myceliums amamera mizu m'nkhalango zosalala komanso zamatope, koma m'malo otseguka ndi dzuŵa.
Mitundu yosawerengeka - ma boletus okhala ndi pinki amakhala pamatumba a peat m'malire a nkhalango pafupi ndi birch ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, pomwe mycorrhiza yokhala ndi birch imapanga. Bowa amatenga kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo yobzala, mpaka kumtunda kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara.
Gray boletus, ndi hornbeam yomwe imapereka zokolola zochuluka m'mphepete ndi magalasi pakati pa:
- popula ndi birches;
- nkhwangwa;
- nyanga ndi ziphuphu.
Zokololedwa:
- pamene rowan akuphuka;
- mu Julayi atatha kupanga udzu;
- kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala.
Omata bowa a Harsh boletus (osowa) nthawi zina amapezeka m'malo obiriwira komanso osasunthika pafupi ndi popula yoyera ndi aspens. Bowa imakonda miyala yamiyala, pomwe imakhala yokha kapena m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono. Kololani zokolola zosowa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka pakati nthawi yophukira.
M'madera otsetsereka pakati pa birches, mu pine-birch nkhalango zosakanikirana, kunja kwa mathithi komanso pakati pa madambo, kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kugwa kwa golide, anthu amatenga boletus wakuda.
Ndani amene amatsutsana ndi mitengo ya birch?
Monga zinthu zina zilizonse zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe, amayi apakati, ana ndi okalamba ayenera kusamala ndi mitengo ya birch. Chakudyachi ndi chovuta pamatumbo, chimachedwa kugaya ndipo chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri omwe amatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi impso.
Anthu athanzi amadya bowa wofiirira pang'ono ndipo samakumana ndi zovuta.
