Bakha wamaso oyera (Aythya nyroca) kapena bakha wamaso oyera ndi a banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kakuyenda m'maso oyera.
Kukula kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 42. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 63 - 67. Kulemera kwake: 400 - 800 g Bakha wamaso oyera ndi bakha wosambira wapakatikati, wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa tiyi wokhala ndi mutu wofiirira wakuda. Mu nthenga zaimuna, khosi ndi chifuwa ndizodziwika kwambiri ndi utoto wofiirira pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mphete yakuda pakhosi. Kumbuyo, kumbuyo kwa khosi kumakhala kofiirira wakuda ndi utoto wobiriwira, mchira wakumtunda uli ndi mtundu womwewo. Mimba pafupifupi yonse yoyera ndikusintha kukhala chifuwa chakuda. Mimbayo ndi yofiirira kumbuyo.
Ntchitoyo ndi yoyera bwino, yowonekera bwino mbalameyo ikamauluka. Mikwingwirima yamapiko ndiyonso yoyera, nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati bakha m'madzi. Maso ndi oyera. Mkazi ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa nthenga, koma wosasiyana pang'ono poyerekeza ndi wamwamuna. Mthunzi wofiirira wobiriwira si wowala, wopanda chitsulo chosalala. Thupi lakumtunda ndi lofiirira. Mtundu wamimba umasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pakuda pamtima pachifuwa kupita kumtundu wowala. Iris ndi bulauni yofiirira mu abakha achichepere ndi akazi. Pali "galasi" loyera paliponse pamapiko. Zolemba zazimayi ndizoyera zoyera. Miyendo yakuda yakuda. Amuna ovala zovala zophukira amawoneka chimodzimodzi ngati chachikazi, koma maso ake ndi oyera. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofanana ndi abakha akuluakulu, koma zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mawanga akuda. Bakha wamaso oyera amakhala pamadzi osati mozama kwambiri, monga abakha ena, kwinaku akukweza mchira wake. Pakunyamuka pamadzi kumatuluka mosavuta.
Mverani mawu a dive loyera.
Malo okhalira m'maso oyera.
Madzi oyera omwe amakhala oyera amakhala m'matumba amadzimadzi ataliatali, amapezeka m'mazipululu komanso m'mapiri. Kawirikawiri, kutsetsereka kwamaso oyera kumafanana ndi nkhalango. Amakonda kukhazikika kunyanja ndi madzi amchere komanso amchere, amakaima mumtsinje wa deltas. Amakhala m'zigawo zodzaza ndi madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi madzi: bango, kuphwanya, bango. Malo oterewa ndiosavuta kwambiri kukaikira mazira ndi kukopa abakha okhala moyo wachinsinsi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimakhala kufupi ndi gombe la nyanja kapena m'matumba akuluakulu amadzi okhala ndi zomera zambiri zoyandama.
Kuswana ndi kudzala kwa bakha wamaso oyera.
Chisa cha maso oyera choyera m'madzi akumwa okhala ndi madzi oyera osazama omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri komanso opanda mafupa. Mtundu wa abakhawa ndiwamwamuna mmodzi ndipo ndi okwatirana kwa nyengo imodzi yokha. Nthawi yoswana imasunthika kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi nthawi yakuswana kwa abakha ena. Pawiri amapangidwa mochedwa ndipo amafika m'malo oberekera pakati pa Marichi bwino kwambiri. Zisazo zimabisidwa m'nkhalango zamiyala.
Amapezeka pamiyala, nthawi zina m'mbali mwa dziwe. Chisa chamitundu yoyera m'makola osiyidwa ndi mabowo amitengo. Nthawi zina abakha amamanga khola laling'ono, momwemo zisa zawo zimayandikana.
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomangira ndi zinyalala zazomera, zofewa zofewa zimakhala ngati zokutira.
Mkaziyo amaikira mazira asanu ndi limodzi kapena khumi ndi asanu otumbululuka-ofiira kapena ofiira ofiira otalika 4.8-6.3 x 3.4-4.3 masentimita.Bakha lokha limakola mikwingwirima kwa masiku 24 mpaka 28. Yaimuna imabisala mu zomera pafupi ndi chisa ndipo imathandiza kuyendetsa anapiyewo pambuyo pa anapiyewo. Imatulutsanso panthawi yazing'ono ndi yaikazi. Oyera okhala ndi maso oyera amakhala ndi ana amodzi pa nyengo. Pambuyo masiku 55, abakha ang'onoang'ono amayamba kuwuluka okha. Amabereka chaka chamawa. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, anthu oyera ndi maso oyera amasonkhana m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono ndikusamukira m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Caspian, kenako kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia.
Chakudya chabwino cha kutsetsereka kwamaso oyera.
Bakha wamaso oyera amakhala makamaka abakha odyetsa. Amadya mbewu ndi zomera zam'madzi zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pamwamba pa dziwe kapena pagombe. Monga abakha ena ambiri, amadyetsa zakudya zawo ndi nyama zopanda mafupa, zomwe zimagwidwa pakati pa nyanjayi: tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, crustaceans ndi molluscs.
Makhalidwe amtundu wakuyera m'maso oyera.
Mivi yoyera ndi maso imagwira ntchito makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Masana, abakha nthawi zambiri amapuma pagombe kapena pamadzi. Mwambiri, amakhala moyo wobisika komanso wobisa. Mbalame zimadya zomera zam'madzi komanso zam'madzi, chifukwa chake, ngakhale kufupi komweko, amakhala osadziwika, zomwe zimalimbikitsa malingaliro akuti osunthira ndi maso oyera amayang'anitsitsa. M'nyengo yozizira amapanga mikwingwirima yotakata yomwe nthawi zambiri imasakanikirana ndi gulu la abakha a mallard.
Kufalikira kwa bakha wamaso oyera.
Bakha wamaso oyera amakhala ndi utoto ku Europe, Kazakhstan ndi Western Asia. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti yatayika m'malo ambiri. Pali zochitika za abakha akuuluka kumpoto kupita kumadera akumwera ndi apakati a taiga. Malire akumpoto chakumpoto kwa bakha wa bakha wamaso oyera amayenda ku Russia. Kwa zaka 10-15 zapitazi, gawo logawa mitundu latsika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, bakha wamaso oyera amakhala mdera la Lower Volga komanso m'chigawo cha Azov. Amapezeka ku Ciscaucasia, madera akumwera a Siberia.
Kugawidwa ku North Africa ndi Eurasia. Derali limayambira kumwera kwa chilumba cha Iberia kum'mawa mpaka kukafika kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Yellow.
Amakhala ku Kazakhstan komanso ku Middle and Near East, Central Asia. Malire akumpoto a kukaikira mazira ndiosiyanasiyana. Oyera oyera-oyera nthawi yozizira m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Azov, Caspian, Black ndi Mediterranean. Amayima m'madzi amkati mwa Iran ndi Turkey. Amadyetsa m'malo otentha akum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa komanso mkamwa mwa mitsinje yakuya ya Hindustan. Paulendo, kusambira kumayang'ana pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, ndipo nthawi yozizira kumakhala nyengo yozizira.
Zopseza malo okhala ndi maso oyera.
Choopsa chachikulu pakupezeka kwa bakha ndi kutayika kwa madambwe. M'malo ake angapo, malowo akuchepa. Ma dive osasamala kwambiri, amaso oyera amayesedwa nthawi zambiri. Kuwononga kopitilira kwa mbalame kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu.
Kuteteza kwa bakha wamaso oyera.
Bakha wamaso oyera ali mgulu la mitundu yowopsezedwa padziko lonse lapansi, imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse la Russia ndi Kazakhstan.
Mitunduyi ili pamndandanda wofiira, womwe ukuphatikizidwa ndi Zowonjezera II za Msonkhano wa Bonn, womwe unalembedwa mu Zakumapeto pamgwirizano wokhudza mbalame zosamukira pakati pa Russia ndi India. Bakha wamaso oyera amatetezedwa mdera la nkhokwe za Dagestan, Astrakhan, mdera loteteza zachilengedwe la Manych-Gudilo. Pofuna kuteteza abakha amitundu yosawerengeka, malo oteteza zachilengedwe amayenera kupangidwa m'malo omwe mbalame zimasonkhana m'njira zosamukira komanso m'malo ozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuletsa kwathunthu kuwombera m'madzi mosavomerezeka momwe mbalame zimadyera.
