Krait yam'nyanja yamilomo yachikasu (Laticauda colubrina), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti banded sea krait, ndi yamayendedwe am'manyazi.
Kufalikira kwa khola lakuda la milomo yachikaso.
Makungwa am'nyanja yamilomo yakuda afalikira kuzilumba za Indo-Australia. Amapezeka ku Bay of Bengal, Thailand, Malaysia ndi Singapore. Nyanjayi imafikira kumadzulo kuzilumba za Andaman ndi Nicobor komanso kumpoto, kuphatikiza Taiwan ndi Okinawa ndi zilumba za Yaeyaema kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa zilumba za Ryukyu kumwera kwa Japan.
Alipo pagombe la Thailand, koma pagombe lakumadzulo kokha. Malire awo akum'mawa ali mdera la Palua. Zilonda zam'nyanja zamilomo yakuda zilipo pazilumba za gulu la Solomon ndi Tonga. Mitengo yodzikongoletsera yam'nyanja yamilomo yachikasu imangokhala kumadera aku Australia ndi Eastern Oceanic. Sapezeka kumadera a Atlantic ndi Caribbean Oceanic.
Malo okhalamo nyanjayi.
Zilonda zam'nyanja zokhala ndi milomo yakuda zimakhala m'miyala yamchere ndipo zimakhala makamaka m'mphepete mwa zilumba zazing'ono, zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana, monga mitundu yambiri ya njoka zam'nyanja. Kugawidwa kwawo kumadalira pazinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa miyala yamchere yamchere, mafunde am'madzi, ndi malo oyandikira. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'malo otentha, otentha m'madzi am'nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ambiri mwa iwo amapezeka pagombe lazilumba zazing'ono, pomwe khomalo limabisala m'ming'alu yaying'ono kapena pansi pamiyala. Malo awo okhala ndi miyala yamchere yosaya m'madzi momwe njoka zimapeza chakudya. Makola am'nyanja ya milomo yachikasu ali ndi zida zapadera zambiri zomira m'madzi, kuphatikiza mapapu am'magazi, omwe amalola kutsetsereka mpaka mita 60. Njoka zimakhala moyo wawo wonse zili m'nyanja, koma zimayanjana, zimayikira mazira, zimadya chakudya chawo, ndipo zimadya pazilumba zamiyala. Amakhala m'mitengomo, amatha kukwera mitengo komanso kukwera kumalo okwera pazilumbazi mpaka 36 - 40 metres.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa khola lanyanja yamilomo yachikasu.
Krait yam'madzi imatchedwa milomo yachikasu chifukwa chakupezeka kwa milomo yachikaso kumtunda. Mitundu ya thupi imakhala yakuda kwambiri ndi mzere wachikaso womwe umayenda pamlomo pansi pa diso lililonse.
Mphuno imakhalanso wachikaso ndipo pamzere wa chikaso pamwamba pa diso. Mchirawo uli ndi chikwangwani chachikaso chooneka ngati U m'mphepete mwake chomwe chili m'malire ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. Khungu limakhala losalala, ndipo palinso mitundu yabuluu kapena imvi. Mikwingwirima yakuda mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu imapanga mphete kuzungulira thupi. Malo awo amkati nthawi zambiri amakhala achikaso kapena zonona. Mzimayi, wolemera pafupifupi 1800 g ndi 150 cm kutalika, nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna, yemwe amalemera magalamu 600 okha ndipo amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 75 - 100. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri chimakhala chimphona chenicheni chotalika mamita 3.6.
Kuberekanso kwa khola lakuda la milomo yachikaso.
Zingwe za m'nyanja zokhala ndi zingwe zimakhala ndi umuna wamkati. Amuna amodzi okha ndi akazi, ndipo enawo sawonetsa mpikisano, ngakhale ali pafupi. Nthawi zoberekera zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malo omwe kuli malowo. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Philippines chimaswana chaka chonse, pomwe ku Fiji ndi Sabah, kuswana kumakhala nyengo yake ndipo nyengo yoswana imayamba kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Disembala. Mtundu uwu ndi oviparous ndipo njoka zimabwerera kumtunda kuchokera kunyanja kukaikira mazira.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 4 mpaka 10, opitilira 20.
Tinyama tating'onoting'ono ta milomo yachikasu tikatuluka m'dzira, zimafanana ndi njoka zazikulu. Samakumana ndi kusintha kulikonse. Zitsamba zimakula msanga, kukula pang'onopang'ono kumasiya atangofika msinkhu wogonana. Amuna amaswana ali ndi zaka pafupifupi chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo akazi akafika chaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena ziwiri ndi theka.
Chisamaliro cha njoka zazikulu za clutch sichinafufuzidwe. Zazikazi zimaikira mazira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma sizikudziwika ngati zibwerera kunyanja kapena kukhala kumtunda kuti ziziteteza ana awo.
Nthawi ya moyo yazinyalala zam'milomo yachikaso m'chilengedwe sichidziwika.
Makhalidwe a khalait yam'nyanja yamilomo yachikasu.
Zingwe za m'nyanja zokhala ndi milomo yakuda zimayenda m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mchira, womwe umathandizira kuyenda ndikubwerera m'madzi.
Pamtunda, makoko anyanja amayenda mofanana ndi njoka pamalo olimba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, makola anyanja amilomo yachikasu akagunda magawo ang'onoang'ono monga mchenga wouma, amakwawa ngati mitundu yambiri ya njoka zam'chipululu. Pofuna kusaka mafunde m'madzi, njoka zimagwiritsa ntchito zida, kuphatikiza kukulira kuseri kwa mapapu, omwe amadziwika kuti mapapu am'mapapo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mapapo a tubular omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi la njoka. Ngakhale makola omangirizidwa am'nyanja sakhala amphibians, amakhala nthawi yofanana pamtunda ndi m'madzi.
Krait yam'nyanja yachikasu imagwira ntchito usiku kapena madzulo. Masana, nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikubisala m'miyala, pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, m'mapanga, pansi pa zinyalala zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amakwawa kuchokera kumthunzi kupita kumalo komwe kuli dzuwa kuti atenthe.
Chakudya chamtundu wachikasu wam'nyanja.
Zingwe zam'nyanja zamilomo yakuda zimadyetsa kwathunthu ma eel. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amasiyana pamadyedwe awo. Akazi akulu amasaka ma conger eel. Amuna nthawi zambiri amadyetsa timadontho tating'ono. Zingwezo zimagwiritsa ntchito matupi awo olumikizidwa ndi mitu yaying'ono kuti ifufuze ming'alu, ming'alu, ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete mwa miyala yamchere kuti atenge ma eel.
Amakhala ndi zilonda zapoizoni komanso poyizoni okhala ndi ma neurotoxin owopsa omwe amakhudza minofu ya wovulalayo.
Atalumidwa, ma neurotoxin amathandizira mwachangu, kufooketsa kuyenda ndi kupuma kwa eel.
Tanthauzo la krait yam'nyanja yamilomo yachikasu.
Zikopa zamakungwa am'nyanja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri ndipo zagulitsidwa ku Philippines kuyambira 1930 poyeretsa siliva. Ku Japan, kufunika kwa makola akunyanja kukukulira, amatumizidwa kuchokera ku Philippines ndikutumizidwa ku Europe. Chikopacho chimagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina "Chikopa chenicheni cha ku Japan cha njoka yam'nyanja". Pazilumba za Ryukyu ku Japan komanso m'maiko ena aku Asia, mazira ndi nyama zimadyedwa ngati chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ululu wa njoka izi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala pochiza komanso kufufuza. Khola lakuda la milomo yachikaso ndi njoka zapoizoni, koma samaluma anthu kawirikawiri, ndipo ngakhale atakwiya. Palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe adamenyedwa ndi mtundu uwu.
Kuteteza kwanyumba yamilomo yachikasu.
Krait yam'nyanja yamilomo yachikasu siyidalembedwe m'mabuku aliwonse omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Kudula mitengo m'mafakitale, kutayika kwa malo okhala m'madambo a mitengo ya mangrove, kuwonongeka kwa mafakitale a miyala yamchere ndi madera ena am'mphepete mwa nyanja kumabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe zomwe zimasokoneza mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri ya njoka zam'nyanja.
