Moorhen (Gallinula comeri) ndi ya mbalame zam'madzi za banja la abusa.
Ndi mbalame yopanda mapiko yopanda mapiko. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu uwu udafotokozedwa ndi wasayansi yachilengedwe George Kamer mu 1888. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu theka lachiwiri la dzinalo - comeri. Moorhen wa pachilumba cha Gough ndi membala wa mtundu wa Gallinula ndipo ndi wachibale wapafupipafupi, yemwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake: kugwedeza mutu ndi mchira nthawi zonse.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa moorhen
Moorhen wa pachilumba cha Gough ndi mbalame yayikulu komanso yayitali.
Ili ndi nthenga zofiirira kapena zakuda zamatte zolembedwa zoyera. Undertail ndi woyera, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima m'mbali mwa mtundu womwewo. Mapikowo ndi achidule komanso ozungulira. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yolimba, yosinthidwa kuti ayende panthaka yamatope yam'mbali. Mlomo ndi waung'ono, wofiira ndi nsonga yachikasu. “Chikwangwani” chofiira kwambiri chimaonekera pamphumi pamwamba pa mlomo. Ma moor achichepere alibe chikwangwani.
Makhalidwe a moorhen pachilumba cha Gough
A Moorhenes a pachilumba cha Gough sakhala obisika pang'ono kuposa mitundu ina ya abusa. Amakhala makamaka muudzu wobiriwira, nthawi zina osabisala, akudya m'madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. A Moorhenes amauluka monyinyirika, koma ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kusamukira kumalo okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Amayenda usiku wonse.
Moorhen pachilumba cha Gough pafupifupi ndi mbalame yopanda kuthawa, imatha "kuuluka" mita zochepa, ikumatambasula mapiko ake. Khalidwe ili lidapangidwa molingana ndi kukhala pazilumbazi. Miyendo yotukuka yokhala ndi zala zolimba imasinthidwa kuti iziyenda pamalo ofewa, osagwirizana.
Gorge Island moorhenes ndi mbalame zam'madera nthawi yobereketsa ndipo zimawathamangitsa opikisana nawo pamalo omwe asankhidwa. Kunja kwanyengo, amakhala ndi ziweto zazikulu m'madzi osaya am'nyanjayi ndi masamba obiriwira m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi.
Chakudya cha moorhen Island
Moorhen wa pachilumba cha Gough ndi mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya mbalame. Amadya:
- mbali za zomera
- zamoyo zopanda mafupa ndi zovunda,
- amadya mazira a mbalame.
Ngakhale moorhen ilibe zibangili pamapazi ake, imathamanga kwa nthawi yayitali, kusonkhanitsa chakudya kuchokera pamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amapalasa ndi mawoko ake ndipo amapukusa mutu wake, kufunafuna chakudya.
Malo okhalamo a Gough Island
Moss Island ya Gough Island imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'madambo komanso pafupi ndi mitsinje, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku Fern Bush. Amakhazikika pamlingo wa madambo ozizira. Amapewa madambo onyowa. Amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi zitsamba zosadutsa komanso zazing'ono.
Nyumba ya Gough Island inafalikira
Moorhen wa chilumba cha Gough ali ndi malo ochepa omwe amakhala ndi zilumba zazing'ono ziwiri zoyandikana. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Gough Island (Saint Helena). Mu 1956, mbalame zochepa zidatulutsidwa pachilumba chapafupi cha Tristan da Cunha (malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi 6-7 awiriawiri).
Kuchuluka kwa moorhen pachilumba cha Gough
Mu 1983, anthu okhala ku Gough Island anali moorhen anali 2000-3000 awiriawiri pa 10-12 km2 yanyumba yoyenera. Chiwerengero cha anthu pachilumba cha Tristan da Cunha chikukula, ndipo tsopano mbalame zimagawidwa pachilumbachi, kulibe kumadera omwe kuli udzu wochepa kwambiri kumadzulo.
Chiwerengero chonse cha bango pa Ascension, Saint Helena ndi Tristan da Cunha akuyerekeza kuti ndi anthu okhwima 8,500-13,000 kutengera zomwe zidachitika kale. Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati mungaphatikizepo mbalame zomwe zimakhala pachilumba cha Tristana da Cunha mu IUCN Red List, popeza mfundo zoyambira sizikuganizira kuti anthuwa adangosamukira kudera latsopano, ndipo sanabwezeretsere mbalame m'malo omwe amakhala.
Kubereka kwa moorhen pachilumba cha Gough
Ma Moorhenes aku Gough Island chisa kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Marichi. Kuswana kwambiri kumakhala pakati pa Okutobala ndi Disembala. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a 2 - 4 awiriawiri mdera limodzi. Poterepa, zisa zili pafupi ndi 70-80 mita kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Mkazi amaikira mazira 2-5.
Ma Moorhenes amaika zisa zawo m'nkhalango pazitsulo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mbali zakufa za zomera kapena osati kutali ndi madzi muntchire.
Ndi nyumba yachikale yopangidwa ndi zimayambira za mabango ndi masamba. Anapiye adakali paokha amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo pangozi yaying'ono kwambiri pamoyo amalumpha pachisa. Koma atakhala chete, amakweranso chisa. Amachoka pamalopo patatha mwezi umodzi.
Mukawopsezedwa, mbalame zazikulu zimawonetsa zosokoneza: mbalame ifulatira ndikuwonetsa mchira wakwezedwa, wosasunthika, ndikugwedeza thupi lonse. Kulira kwa moorhen mu alarm kumamveka mwamwano "keke-keke". Mbalame zimapereka chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri zikatsogolera ana, ndipo anapiye amatsatira makolo awo. Zikutsalira pambuyo pa gululo, zimauza mopupuluma, ndipo mbalame zazikulu zimapeza anapiye otayika mofulumira.
Zifukwa zochepera kuchuluka kwa ma moorhen pachilumba cha Gough
Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi akukhulupirira kuti ndizomwe zimakhalira makoswe akuda (Rattus rattus), omwe amakhala pachilumbachi, komanso amphaka amphaka ndi nkhumba, adawononga mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zazikulu. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala komanso kusaka kwa azisumbu kunathandizanso kuchepa kwa bango.
Njira Zosungira Zoyeserera ku Gough Island Reed
Tristan da Cunha wakhala akuyendetsa pulogalamu yothetsera mphaka kuyambira 1970 kuti ateteze nzimbe ku Gough Island. Chilumba cha Gough ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe komanso World Heritage Site ndipo ndi malo opanda mizinda.
Pambuyo pa kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 2006, makoswewo adapita nawo ku Tristan da Cunha ndi Gough, omwe adawononga anapiye ndi mazira a moorhen.
Asayansi pachilumbachi akuwunika momwe mileme yomwe imakhalira m'mapanga ndi ma tunnel olowa pamiyendo yamitundu iwiri (kuphatikizapo Gough Island moorhen) ikufufuza poizoni wosayenera.
Ndondomeko yantchito yothana ndi mbewa ku Gough idakonzedwa mu 2010, pofotokoza za ntchito ndi nthawi yothanirana, pomanga maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa ndi ntchito zina zothetsa mitundu yosafunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kutenga njira zokwanira zochepetsera kuwopsa kwa poizoni wachiwiri wa moorhen, yemwe amanyamula mitembo ya mbewa zakufa ndipo amathanso kuphedwa. Kuopsa kofalitsa zinyama ndi zinyama zakutchire, makamaka kubweretsa nyama zowononga ku Gough Island, kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Kuwongolera momwe mitunduyo ilili, muziyang'anira mosiyanasiyana zaka 5-10.
