Stonefuck (Histrionicus histrionicus) ndi wabanja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mwala
Nthengayo imakhala yokongola kwambiri, yokhala ndi mithunzi yambiri. Thupi lamphongo ndi lamiyala yabuluu, lokhala ndi zoyera ndi zakuda. Nthenga pamutu ndi m'khosi zimakhala zakuda matte. Zigamba zoyera zili pamphuno, kutsegula khutu ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi. Pali madontho ena oyera awiri kuseri kwa maso. M'mbali mwa mutu, pansi pamadontho oyera, pali mikwingwirima yofiirira yofiirira. Chingwe choyera choyera sichimazungulira khosi lonse. Mzere wina woyera wokhala ndi zakuda wakuda umatsikira pachifuwa. Uppertail ndi kumbuyo ndi zakuda. Mbalizo ndi zofiirira.
Pali khola laphiko laling'ono loyera loyera. Gawo lakumunsi lamapiko ndi bulauni. Nthenga paphewa ndi zoyera. Zophimba pamapiko zimakhala zakuda. Mirror yakuda ndi buluu ndi zonyezimira. Sacram ndi imvi. Mchirawo ndi wakuda bulauni. Mlomo wake ndi wa azitona wofiirira, wokhala ndi claw wowoneka bwino. Miphika ndi yofiirira-bulauni yokhala ndimakhungu akuda. Iris ya diso ndi yofiirira. Drake m'mapiko a chilimwe atatha kusungunuka amadzazidwa ndi nthenga za utoto wakuda.
Mkazi ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wamwamuna wokhala ndi mtundu wa nthenga.
Nthenga za bakha zimakhala zofiirira komanso zakuda. Pali madera atatu odziwika oyera pambali pamutu. Pansi pake pa thupi pamayera ndi zikwapu zazing'onoting'ono zofiirira. Mapikowo ndi ofiira-akuda, mchira ndi mtundu womwewo. Mlomo ndi mawoko ndi ofiira-otuwa. Miyala yaying'ono imafanana ndi akazi achikulire m'mapiko a nthawi yophukira, koma mitundu yomaliza imapezeka mchaka chachiwiri pambuyo pa ma molts angapo.
Mwala unafalikira
Kamenushka ili ndi malo otentha a Holarctic, omwe amasokonekera m'malo. Imafalikira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia, malo ake amakhalabe mpaka Mtsinje wa Lena ndi Nyanja ya Baikal. Kumpoto, imapezeka pafupi ndi Arctic Circle, kumwera imakafika ku Primorye. Zimapezeka pafupi ndi Kamchatka ndi Islands Islands. Payokha zisa pafupi. Askold mu Nyanja ya Japan. Pogawidwa ku kontinenti yaku America m'mphepete mwa nyanja yaku Pacific, imagwira dera la Cordilleras ndi mapiri a Rocky. Komanso amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Labrador, m'mphepete mwa Iceland ndi Greenland.
Malo okhala njenjete
Kamenushki amakhala m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri mumakhala madzi osokonekera omwe amayenda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri m'malo amenewa mumakhala mitundu ina ya mbalame. Mphepete mwa nyanja, amadyetsa m'mphepete mwa miyala. Amabwerera kumtunda kupita ku chisa.
Makhalidwe amisala
Kamenushki ndi omwe amaphunzitsa mbalame zomwe zimadyetsa, kusungunuka komanso kubisala m'malo azikhalidwe m'magulu, kupatula nthawi yogona pamene mbalame zimakhala ziwiriziwiri. Amapirira mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Kamenushki amatha kusambira motsutsana ndi zamakono, kukwera malo otsetsereka ndi miyala yoterera. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zambiri zimafera m'malo ophulika, pomwe mafunde amaponyera mitembo yamiyala pagombe.
Kubereka kwa mwalawo
Kamenushki amapanga zisa zawo makamaka kumadera akumpoto. M'chilimwe, abakha amapitilira nyanja ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Magulu opangidwa kale amapezeka m'malo opangira zisa. Atangofika, akazi ena amatumidwa ndi amuna awiri. Munthawi yakumasirana, ma drake amakonza njira zamakono, pomwe amayika chifuwa chawo patsogolo, amafalitsa ndikuponya mitu yawo, kenako ndikuiponyera patsogolo, kutulutsa "gi-ek" mokweza. Akazi amayankha poyitanidwa ndi ma drakes ndi mawu ofanana. Kamenushki amamanga chisa m'mitsinje yamitsinje yothamanga kwambiri paming'alu, mabokosi amiyala, pakati pa miyala, muudzu wobiriwira.
Ku Iceland, miyala yamiyala yopangira zisa imasankha malo okhala ndi misondodzi, ma birch, ndi junipere oyandikira kwambiri pafupi ndi mphepo yamkunthoyi. Padziko lonse la America, mbalame zimabisala m'mabowo, pakati pa miyala. Zingwe ndizochepa, pansi pake pamaphimba mbalame.
Mkazi amaikira mazira atatu, opitilira eyiti. Makulidwe azira amafanana ndi mazira a nkhuku. Dzira lalikulu limakhala ndi michere yambiri ndipo mwana wankhuku amawoneka wamkulu, choncho limakhala ndi nthawi yokula nthawi yachilimwe. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 27-30. Yaimuna imakhala pafupi, koma sasamala za anawo. Anapiyewo ali pafupi ndi miyala yonga ana ndipo, atauma, amatsata bakha kupita kumtsinje. Ankhandwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndipo amapeza chakudya pafupi ndi gombe. Ma miyala achikulire achichepere amapanga ndege zawo zoyambirira akakhala ndi masabata 5-6.
Mbalame zimasamukira mu Seputembala.
Ma drakes achikulire amasiya malo awo obisalira kumapeto kwa Juni ndikupanga ziweto zomwe zimadya pagombe la nyanja. Nthawi zina amalumikizidwa ndi miyala yomwe ili ndi chaka chimodzi chokha. Misa molt imapezeka kumapeto kwa Julayi komanso koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Akazi molt kwambiri pambuyo kudyetsa ana awo. Kuyanjananso kwa mbalame kumachitika kugwa m'malo ozizira. Kuberekanso kwa Kamenushki ali ndi zaka 2 mpaka 3, koma makamaka ali ndi zaka 4-5. Kuyanjananso kwawo kumachitika kugwa m'malo ozizira.
Chakudya cha Kamenka
Kamenushki amakhala m'mphepete mwa madamu. Chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Mbalame zimasonkhanitsa molluscs ndi crustaceans m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Onjezerani chakudyacho ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Kuteteza kwa omanga miyala
Kamenushka m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa Canada alengezedwa kuti ali pangozi. Zifukwa zitatu zadziwika zomwe zingafotokozere kuchepa kwa manambala: kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi mafuta, kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi zisa, ndikusaka mopitilira muyeso, chifukwa Wheatear imakopa nyama zosaka nyama ndi utoto wake wowala.
Pazifukwa izi, mitunduyi imatetezedwa ku Canada. Kunja kwa Canada, manambala a mbalame ndi osasunthika kapena akuwonjezeka pang'ono ngakhale ataswana kwambiri. Kukhazikika kotereku kumachitika chifukwa choti abakha amtunduwu amakhala m'malo omwe ali kutali ndi komwe kumakhala anthu.
Mitundu ya miyala
Pali mitundu iwiri ya miyala:
- zigawo H. h. histrionicus imafalikira ku Labrador, Iceland, Greenland.
- H. pacificus amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia komanso kumadzulo kwa kontinenti yaku America.
Mtengo wachuma
Kamenushki ndizofunikira pamalonda m'malo okha, mbalame zimawomberedwa kumtunda kwa Kolyma, komwe mtundu uwu umakhala wochuluka kwambiri pakati pa abakha osambira. Mbalame zam'madzi zimasakidwa pafupi ndi Okhotsk pafupi ndi gombe. Pazilumba za Commander, awa ndi nsomba zazikulu m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe mitundu ina ya abakha amachoka kuzilumba zolimba.
