Chiwombankhanga Chaching'ono (Ichthyophaga nana) ndi cha dongosolo la Falconiformes, banja la mphamba.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono cha nsomba.
Chiwombankhanga chaching'ono chimakhala ndi masentimita 68, mapiko ake kuyambira masentimita 120 mpaka 165. Kulemera kwa mbalame yodya nyama kumafika magalamu 780-785. Nyama yaying'ono yamphapayi ili ndi nthenga zofiirira ndipo, mosiyana ndi chiwombankhanga chachikulu chamutu wakuda, ilibe nthenga zoyera mpaka pansi pamchira ndi mzere wakuda. Palibe kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu mu nthenga zoyambirira. Mbalame zazikulu, mbali zakumtunda ndi pachifuwa zimakhala zofiirira mosiyana ndi mutu ndi khosi laimvi lokhala ndi zolumikizana zakuda.
Nthenga za mchira ndizakuda pang'ono kuposa nthenga zakunja. Pamwambapo, mchirawo ndi wofiirira mofananamo, wokhala ndi mawanga oyera pansi. Mimba ndi ntchafu ndi zoyera. Iris ndichikasu, sera ndi yofiirira. Paws ndi zoyera. Pansi pake thupi ndi loyera, limawoneka pothawa. Undertail ndi yoyera mosiyana ndi nsonga yakuda kapena yocheperapo ya mchira. Chiwombankhanga chaching'ono chimakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, khosi lalitali ndi mchira wawufupi, wozungulira. Iris ndichikasu, sera ndi imvi. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, yoyera kapena yotuwa cyanotic.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira kuposa achikulire ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima pamitengo yawo. Iris yawo ndi yofiirira.
Pali mitundu iwiri yaying'ono ya mphungu yaying'ono potengera kukula kwa thupi. Subpecies omwe amakhala ku Indian subcontinent ndi akulu.
Kukhazikika kwa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono.
Chiwombankhanga Chaching'ono chimapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yam'nkhalango ndi mafunde amphamvu. Ikupezekanso m'mbali mwa mitsinje, njira zomwe zimayikidwa m'mapiri komanso m'mbali mwa mitsinje yamapiri. Nthawi zambiri zimafalikira m'malo otseguka, monga kufupi ndi nyanja zozunguliridwa ndi nkhalango. Mitundu ina yofanana ndi imeneyi, yomwe ndi yaimvi, imakonda malo amene imadutsa mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, madera ena, mitundu yonse iwiri ya mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama zimakhala limodzi. Mphungu ya Nsomba Yocheperako imakhala pakati pa 200 ndi 1000 mita pamwamba pamadzi, zomwe sizimalepheretsa kuti azikhala kunyanja, monga zimachitikira ku Sulawesi.
Kufalitsa kwa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono.
Chiwombankhanga Chaching'ono chimagawidwa kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Malo ake ndiwambiri ndipo amayambira Kashmir, Pakistan mpaka Nepal, kuphatikiza kumpoto kwa Indochina, China, Buru Moluccas ndikupita kuzilumba zazikulu za Sunda. Magawo awiri azindikilo ovomerezeka: I. h. plumbeus amakhala ku India m'munsi mwa mapiri a Himalaya, kuchokera ku Kashmir kupita ku Nepal, kumpoto kwa Indochina ndi kumwera kwa China mpaka Hainan. I. humilis amakhala ku Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, mpaka Sulawesi ndi Buru.
Chigawo chonse chogawa chimakwirira kudera la 34 ° N. sh. mpaka 6 °. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimasamukira kumapiri a Himalaya pang'ono, zimasunthira m'chigwa chakummwera kwa mapiri nthawi yachisanu.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono.
Ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zimakhala zokha kapena pawiri.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamitengo youma m'mbali mwa mitsinje yovuta, koma amatha kuwoneka pa nthambi yapadera ya mtengo wautali womwe umakulira pagombe lamadzi la mtsinjewu.
Ntchentche ina yaying'ono nthawi zina imatenga mwala waukulu posaka, womwe umakwera pakati pamtsinje.
Nyamayo ikangoona nyama, imagwa kuchokera pamalo oyang'anitsitsa, ndipo imamenyera nyama ija, nkuigwira ndi zikhadabo zake, yopindika ngati ya mbulu.
Chiwombankhanga Chaching'ono nthawi zambiri chimasintha malo obisalira ndipo chimasunthira kuchokera kumalo osankhidwa kupita kwina. Nthawi zina chilombo chokhala ndi nthenga chimangoyenderera pamwamba pa malo osankhidwawo.
Kuswana kwa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono.
Nyengo yaying'ono yodyera ya chiwombankhanga yaying'ono kuyambira ku Novembala mpaka Marichi ku Burma, komanso kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi ku India ndi Nepal.
Mbalame zodya nyama zimamanga zisa zazikulu m'mitengo m'mphepete mwa dziwe. Zisa zili pakati pa 2 ndi 10 mita kumtunda. Mofanana ndi ziombankhanga zagolidi, chaka chilichonse amabwerera kumalo awo okhalirako zisa. Chisa chikukonzedwa, ndikuwonjezera nthambi zowonjezera ndi zina zomangira, kukulitsa kukula kwa nyumbayo, kuti chisa chikhale chachikulu komanso chowoneka bwino. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito ndi nthambi zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa ndi mizu yaudzu. Chovalacho chimapangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira ndi udzu. Pansi pa mbale ya chisa, imapanga mphasa wolimba, wofewa womwe umateteza mazira.
Pofundira pali mazira oyera oyera awiri kapena atatu, oyimilira bwino. Nthawi yokwanira imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Mbalame zonse ziwiri zimagawira mazira. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimakhala ndi ubale wolimba kwambiri ndipo yamphongo imasamalira mnzake. Pakamabisira, nthawi ndi nthawi, zimalira mwamphamvu kwambiri ngati mbalame imodzi ikubwerera ku chisa. Pakati pa chaka chonse, ziwombankhanga zing'onozing'ono zimakhala mbalame zosamala kwambiri. Anapiye akutuluka amakhala milungu isanu pachisa. Koma ngakhale zitatha izi, sizinathe kuuluka ndipo zimangodalira kudya kwa mbalame zazikulu.
Kudyetsa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono.
Chiwombankhanga Chaching'ono chimadyetsa nsomba zokha, zomwe zimawagwira mwachangu. Chiwombankhanga chakale kapena chodziwa zambiri chimatha kukoka nyama mpaka kilogalamu imodzi m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, imagwira mbalame zazing'ono.
Udindo wosunga Mphungu ya Nsomba Zocheperako.
Chiwombankhanga Chochepa Chomwe sichimawopsezedwa makamaka ndi manambala. Komabe, sichipezeka kawirikawiri kuzilumba za Borneo, Sumatra ndi Sulawesi. Ku Burma, komwe kuli malo abwino okhala, nyamayi imakhala yofanana ndi nthenga zambiri.
Ku India ndi Nepal, ziwombankhanga zocheperako zikuchepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa asodzi, kuwonongeka kwa magombe amitengo komanso kusefukira kwa mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mwachangu.
Kudula mitengo ndikofunika kwambiri komwe kumakhudza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu a chiwombankhanga chaching'ono, chifukwa chomwe malo oyenera kukaikira mbalame amachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulowererapo komanso kuzunza mbalame zodya nyama kukukulira, zomwe zimangowomberedwa ndikuwonongeka ndi zisa zawo. Monga mamembala onse amtunduwu chiwombankhanga chaching'ono chimakhala pachiwopsezo cha DDE (mankhwala owola a mankhwala ophera tizilombo DDT), ndizotheka kuti poyizoni wazakudya amathandizanso kuchepa kwa manambala. Pakadali pano, mtundu uwu udatchulidwa kuti uli pachiwopsezo. Mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi anthu 1,000 mpaka 10,000 amakhala.
Njira zotetezera izi zikuphatikizapo kufufuza kuti adziwe malo omwe amagawidwira, kuwunika pafupipafupi m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuteteza malo okhala m'nkhalango, ndikuzindikira momwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwirira ntchito pakuswana kwa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono.
