Tench - carp nsomba, wokhalamo wachikhalidwe m'mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amakhulupirira kuti nsombayo idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha molt: zomwe zidagwidwa zimauma ndipo mamina omwe amaphimba thupi lake amagwa. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, dzina la nsombayo limachokera ku verebu kuti kumamatira, ndiye kuti, kuchokera pakukakamira kwa ntchofu yomweyo.
Malo obadwira pamzere amatha kuonedwa ngati madamu aku Europe. Kuchokera ku Europe, nsomba zimafalikira m'mitsinje ndi nyanja za Siberia, mpaka kunyanja ya Baikal. Anagawikana pang'ono ku Caucasus ndi Central Asia. Nthawi zambiri amayesa kusamutsa Lin. Idayambitsidwa m'madzi am'madzi aku North Africa, India, Australia.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Makhalidwe a nsombayi amayamba ndi kodi tench ikuwoneka bwanji... Masikelo ake sawala ndi siliva ndi chitsulo, koma kwambiri ngati mkuwa wobiriwira. Mdima wakuda, mbali zowala, ngakhale mimba yopepuka. Makina amtundu - kuyambira wobiriwira mpaka bronze komanso kuchokera wakuda mpaka azitona - zimadalira malo okhalamo.
Thupi lakuda modabwitsa limakwaniritsidwa ndi maso ofiira ang'onoang'ono. Zipsepse zokhotakhota ndi pakamwa pakamwa pakamwa pake zimapangitsa chidwi cha thupi lamatupi a tench. Kuchokera pakona pakamwa pamakhala tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala ndi mitundu ina ya cyprinids.
Chodziwikiratu cha tench ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchofu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndimatenda tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pansi pamiyeso. Lin pachithunzichi chifukwa chakuchepa uku, zikuwoneka, monga asodzi ananenera, amanyentchera. Mafinya - chinsinsi cha viscoelastic - amaphimba thupi la pafupifupi nsomba zonse. Ena ali ndi zambiri, ena amakhala ndi zochepa. Lin ndiye ngwazi pakati pa cyprinids kuchuluka kwa ntchofu zapamtunda.
Lin akupezeka m'malo opanda oxygen, koma muli tiziromboti tambiri komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Thupi la tench limachita ziwopsezo zachilengedwe potulutsa mamina - glycoproteins, kapena, monga mankhwalawa amatchulidwira, mamina. Mapuloteniwa ndi omwe amateteza kwambiri.
Kusasinthasintha kwa ntchentche kuli ngati gel osakaniza. Imatha kuyenda ngati madzi, koma imatha kupirira katundu wina ngati wolimba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti tench ipulumuke osati tiziromboti, kuti tipewe kuvulala mukasambira pakati pazinyalala, pamlingo wina, kukana mano a nsomba zolusa.
Mucus ali ndi machiritso ndipo ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Asodzi amati nsomba zovulala, ngakhale mapiki, zimapaka pa tench kuchiritsa zilonda. Koma nkhanizi ndizofanana ndi nkhani zosodza. Palibe chitsimikiziro chodalirika cha nkhani ngati izi.
Kusunthika kochepa, kudya pang'ono, kusafuna madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka mmenemo, ntchofu zamachiritso ndi zina mwanjira zopulumukira. Ndi mfundo zamphamvu zotere pakulimbana ndi moyo, tench sinakhale nsomba wamba, ndiyotsika poyerekeza ndi ma carp anzawo.
Mitundu
Kuchokera pakuwona kwachuma, tench ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nsomba za makadinala. Amagwirizana nawo m'banja limodzi - Tincinae. Dzina la sayansi la mtundu wa makadinali: Tanichthys. Nsombazi zazing'ono zophunzirira ndizodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri amadzi. Kuyandikira kwa banja, pakuwona koyamba, sikuwoneka.
Koma asayansi amati morphology ndi mawonekedwe a nsombazi ndizofanana. Lin titha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chopambana chifukwa cha kusinthika. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, akukhulupirira kuti mtundu wa Linus (dzina ladzinalo: Tinca) umakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wa Tinca tinca ndipo sunagawidwe m'ma subspecies.
Zimachitika kawirikawiri nsomba, zomwe zimafalikira m'malo ambiri, sizinasinthidwe mwachilengedwe, ndipo mitundu ingapo sinatulukire mumtundu wake. Mitundu yomweyo imatha kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Gawoli ndilopambana kuposa sayansi. Komabe, alimi a nsomba amasiyanitsa mitundu itatu yamizere:
- nyanja,
- mtsinje,
- dziwe.
Amasiyana kukula - nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'mayiwe ndizochepa kwambiri. Ndipo kuthekera kokhala m'madzi opanda mpweya - mtsinje chovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yatsopano ya tench imawonekera chifukwa chakudziwika kwake pakati pa eni malo osungira, okongoletsera.
Obereketsa nsomba-ma genetics pazinthu ngati izi amasintha mawonekedwe a nsomba, amapanga mzere wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chotsatira chake, mawonekedwe a tench opangidwa ndi anthu amawonekera, omwe adabadwa chifukwa cha kupambana kwa sayansi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Tench — nsomba madzi oyera. Silola ngakhale madzi pang'ono mchere. Sakonda mitsinje yothamanga ndi madzi ozizira. Nyanja, mayiwe, mitsinje yamadzi yodzaza ndi bango ndi malo okondedwa, biotopes a tench. Lin amakonda madzi otentha. Kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa 20 ° C kumakhala kosavuta. Chifukwa chake, sizimapita kuzama, imakonda madzi osaya.
Kukhala pakati pazomera zam'madzi ndi mwayi wopeza madzi oyera ndi njira yayikulu kwambiri. Nthawi yodyetsa m'mawa imatha kuonedwa ngati nthawi yomwe nsomba zimakhala zikugwira ntchito. Nthawi yonseyi, tench imakonda kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina muwiri kapena pagulu laling'ono, mopandaule posankha nyama zazing'ono kuchokera pagawo. Pali lingaliro lakuti ulesi unapanga maziko a dzina la nsombayi.
Kukhala m'madzi ang'onoang'ono kunaphunzitsa nsombazo mkhalidwe wapadera m'nyengo yozizira. Ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu, mizere imabowolera m'nyanjayo. Kuchepetsa thupi m'thupi lawo kumachepetsedwa pang'ono. Dziko lofanana ndi hibernation (hibernation) limayamba. Chifukwa chake, mizere imatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira kwambiri, dziwe likamaundana mpaka pansi ndipo nsomba zina zonse zimafa.
Zakudya zabwino
Malo okhala tench ali ndi detritus yolemera. Ichi ndi chakufa chakuthupi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zomera, nyama, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuwonongeka. Detritus ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mphutsi za tench.
Mizere yomwe yakula mpaka mwachangu imawonjezera kusambira kwa nyama zazing'ono kwambiri, ndiye kuti, zooplankton, pazakudya zawo. Pambuyo pake, kutembenukira kumadza kuzinthu zamoyo zomwe zimakhala pansi, kapena kumtunda kwa gawo lapansi, ndiko kuti, zoobenthos.
Chiwerengero cha zoobenthos chimakula ndi ukalamba. Kuchokera pansi, tench mwachangu amasankha mphutsi za tizilombo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi anthu ena osadziwika am'madzi. Kufunika kwa kuchepa kwa chakudya cha ana obadwa pansi kumachepa, koma zomera zam'madzi zimawoneka mu zakudya ndipo kuchuluka kwa nkhono zimawonjezeka.
Nsomba zazikulu, monga mwana tench, zimatsatira zakudya zosakanikirana. Anthu okhala pansi pang'ono, mphutsi za udzudzu ndi molluscs amapezeka pakudya kwa tench monga zomera zam'madzi. Chiwerengero pakati pa mapuloteni ndi zakudya zobiriwira ndi pafupifupi 3 mpaka 1, koma zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wamadzi momwe anthuwo amakhala.
Tench imawonetsa chakudya nthawi yotentha. Chidwi pa chakudya chimakula pambuyo pobereka. Masana, tench imadyetsa mosagwirizana, ndikupereka makamaka m'mawa. Amayandikira kumbuyo kwake mosamala, samawonetsa umbombo wanjala.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Madzi akamatentha, m'mwezi wa Meyi, mizere imayamba kusamalira ana. Asanabadwe, chidwi cha tench chimachepa. Lin amasiya kukhala ndi chidwi ndi chakudya ndikudziyika yekha mumtambo. Zomwe zimatuluka m'masiku 2-3 ndikupita kumalo opangira ziweto.
Pakubala, tchire silimasintha zizolowezi zake, ndikupeza malo omwe amakonda nthawi ina iliyonse ya moyo wake. Awa ndimadzi amtendere, osaya, okongola kwambiri ndi zobiriwira zam'madzi. Zomera zochokera ku mtundu wa Rdesta, kapena, mtola, zimalemekezedwa kwambiri.
Tench imabereka osazindikira. Mkaziyo amatsagana ndi amuna 2-3. Magulu amapangidwa ndi zaka. Njira yopangira dzira ndi umuna zimachitika koyamba ndi achinyamata. Gulu la banja, patadutsa maola angapo akuyenda limodzi, limapitilira komwe kumatchedwa grater. Kukhudzana kwambiri kwa nsombayo kumathandiza wamkazi kuthana ndi mazira, ndipo wamwamuna kumasula mkaka.
Mkazi wamkulu, wokula bwino amatha kupanga mazira mpaka 350,000. Mipira iyi yomata, yosalala, yobiriwira ili yokha. Amamatira masamba a zomera zam'madzi ndikugwera pagawo lapansi. Mzimayi mmodzi amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zoberekera.
Chifukwa choti nsomba zamibadwo yosiyana sizimayamba kubereka nthawi imodzi, komanso chifukwa cha njira ziwiri zotulutsira mazira, nthawi yonse yakubala imakwezedwa. Mazira khumi amakula mwachangu. Mphutsi imawonekera pakatha masiku 3-7.
Chifukwa chachikulu cholepheretsa kusakaniza ndi kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala pansi pa 22 ° C. Mphutsi zomwe zidatsalira zimayamba mwadzidzidzi m'moyo. M'chaka choyamba, amasandulika nsomba zonse zolemera pafupifupi 200 g.
Mtengo
Mayiwe opangidwa ndi anthu ndi amodzi mwamalo okongoletsa malo achitetezo apamwamba. Mwini zokoka m'madzi amafuna kuti nsomba zizipezedwa m'dziwe lake. Mmodzi mwa omwe akupikisana nawo koyamba kuti akhale ndi moyo m'dziwe ndi tench.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali minda yamafuta yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imayang'ana kulima carp. Ndizopindulitsa pachuma kugula tench yachinyamata, kuikweza ndikuigulitsa pamsika wa nsomba. Mtengo wa nsomba kuswana ndi kulera zimatengera kukula kwa anthu, kuyambira ma ruble 10 mpaka 100 pa mwachangu.
Pogulitsa, nsomba zouma zouma zatsopano zimaperekedwa kwa ma ruble 120 - 150 pa kg. Chled, ndiye kuti, tench yomwe yangotengedwa kumene imagulitsidwa ma ruble opitilira 500. pa kg.
Pamtengo uwu, amapereka kuti apereke ndi nsomba tench yoyera... Lin sikophweka kupeza m'masitolo athu ogulitsa nsomba. Zakudya zopatsa mafuta ochepa izi siziyenera kutchuka.
Kugwira tench
Palibe nsomba zamalonda zamtchire, ngakhale zochepa. Nsomba zodzitchinjiriza kugwira tench bwino bwino. Ngakhale, pokonza nsomba zam'nyumba izi, zolembedwa zimakhazikitsidwa. Iwo ndi otchuka.
Tchire chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chinagwidwa ku Russia chimalemera 5 kg. Kutalika kwake kunali masentimita 80. Zolembazo zidakhazikitsidwa mu 2007, ku Bashkiria, kwinaku akuwedza m'madzi a Pavlovsk. Mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi imakhala ndi wokhala ku Britain Darren Ward. Mu 2001, adatulutsa tenisi yolemera pang'ono makilogalamu 7.
Malo okhala ndi zizolowezi za tench zimalimbikitsa kusankha zomwe zingagwire tench, zida zophera nsomba, malo osambira. Sitima yapamtunda siyofunika kugwira nsomba iyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwato lopalasa kuli koyenera kwambiri ngati luso loyandama. Tench nthawi zambiri imagwidwa kuchokera kugombe kapena pamilatho.
Ndodo yoyandama ndi chida chofala kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito tench. Ma coils, inertial kapena non-inertial, ndizotheka. Kusodza kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi. Nthawi zambiri, chingwe chaching'ono, chosavuta chimayikidwa pa ndodo yayitali, yomwe pamakhala chingwe cha nsomba.
Mzere wa nsomba umasankhidwa mwamphamvu. Monofilament 0.3-0.35 mm ndiyabwino ngati mzere waukulu. Monofilament yocheperako pang'ono ndi yoyenera leash: 0.2-0.25 mm. Hook No. 5-7 idzaonetsetsa kuti kugwedeza kwamiyeso iliyonse kukwera. Kuyandama kumasankhidwa kukhala kovuta. Poganizira za kusambira kwa zoyandama, ma pellets 2-3 amaikidwa ngati cholemera.
Katemerayu amadyera m'malo osaya, pakati pa zomera zam'madzi. Izi zimatsimikizira komwe wagwidwa. Kusintha kuchokera kumadzi oyera kukhala nkhalango zobiriwira m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi malo abwino kusewera tench. Musanapange gawo lanu loyamba, samalirani bwino pansi.
Zosakaniza zokonzeka za bream kapena carp nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo. Pofuna kupewa kukopa nsomba zazing'ono, chisakanizocho sichiyenera kukhala ndi tizigawo "tofumbi". Zidutswa zodzipangira zokha, mapira osungunuka ndikuwonjezera nyongolotsi yodula kapena mphutsi yamagazi sizingagwire ntchito kuposa kugula komwe kwatha.
Asodzi ena amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha mphaka chokonzedwa ngati gawo lalikulu la chakudya. Amathandizidwa ndi mphutsi kapena magazi. Tench nthawi zambiri amayesedwa ndi kanyumba tchizi. Theka la nyambo zopangidwa ndi inu nokha ndi dothi lowoneka bwino lomwe limatengedwa kuchokera dziwe komwe kusodza kumachitika. Mulimonsemo, maphikidwe ambiri amatengera kudziwa kwa nsomba zomwe zidasungidwa m'nyanjayi.
Kawirikawiri nsomba zimadyetsedwa kanthawi kochepa asanayambe kusodza. Zinthu ndizosiyana ndi mantha amantha. Malo osodza mtsogolo akuyang'aniratu pasadakhale. Pa nsomba yomwe ikubwera madzulo, nthenda zowirira zimatayidwa m'malo awa, ndikuyembekeza kuti tench yomwe ikuyenda munjira zamadzi imanunkhira bwino.
M'mawa, nsomba za tench zimayamba. Msodzi safuna luso lapadera, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mukhale oleza mtima. Mphutsi zamagazi, mphutsi, nyongolotsi wamba zimakhala ngati nyambo. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito njere ndi njere. Amagwiritsa ntchito chimanga, nandolo, balere wa ngale.
Lin amatenga phindu mosamala kwambiri, kuti adziwe kukula kwake. Atalawa nyamboyo, tench ikuluma molimba mtima, ndikumiza kuyandama, ndikupita nayo mbali. Nthawi zina, ngati bream, imakweza nyambo, yomwe imapangitsa kuti kuyandama kukhale pansi. Nsombazi zokhomedwa zimamangiriridwa osati mwamphamvu, koma mwamphamvu.
Posachedwa, njira yapansi yogwirira tench mothandizidwa ndi wodyetsa yalowa mchitidwe wa asodzi. Njirayi imafuna ndodo yapadera komanso zida zachilendo. Ichi ndi chingwe kapena mzere wokhala ndi chodyera chaching'ono cholumikizidwa ndi leash.
Kuponyedwa mwamphamvu ndi wodyetsa wathunthu kumatha kuopseza mantha owopsa. Akatswiri amati ndi luso linalake, ndalamazi zimachepetsedwa mpaka zero. Nsomba zodyetsa zimalengezedwa kwambiri kwa tench ndipo zitha kufalikira.
Kulima kwamanja kwa tench
Kusodza kwa nsomba za carp nthawi zambiri kumakonzedwa m'malo osungira momwe zakhala zikuchitika, makamaka, ndi tench. Pofuna kulima mizere, yomwe imadzaza malo osungira kapena kutumiza kumashelefu, minda yamafuta imagwira ntchito.
Minda yomwe imadzipangira yokha mwachangu imakhala ndi ana. Poyamba nthawi yobereka, njira yopangira ana imayamba. Njira yochokera mu jakisoni wa pituitary tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Akazi omwe akula msinkhu amabayidwa ndi carp pituitary gland.
Jakisoni uyu amayambitsa kuyambitsa kwa ovulation. Patatha pafupifupi tsiku limodzi, kubereka kumachitika. Mkaka umatengedwa kuchokera kwa amuna ndikuphatikizidwa ndi caviar yomwe imabweretsa. Ndiye mazirawo amawasakaniza. Pambuyo maola 75, mphutsi zimawonekera.
Tench ndi nsomba yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono, koma imapulumuka popanda mpweya uliwonse, wokhala ndi mpweya wochepa m'madzi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yosodza nsomba igulike. Minda ya nsomba imagwiritsa ntchito mayiwe opangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi akasinja opangira momwe tench imakhalamo kwambiri.
Mosungiramo zakudya zokometsera, mutha kupeza pafupifupi 6-8 centimita za nsomba pa hekitala. Mosungira mwachilengedwe, 1-2 centents of tench pa hekitala imatha kukula popanda feteleza wowonjezera. Nthawi yomweyo, tench imalekerera mayendedwe bwino: m'malo achinyezi, pafupifupi popanda madzi, amatha kukhala amoyo kwa maola angapo.
Ngakhale maubwino onse, chikhalidwe cha tench sichikukula ku Russia. Ngakhale ku Europe, bizinesi yopanga tench imalimidwa bwino. Tench imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatsogolera m'madzi.
