Chiwombankhanga cha ku Chile (Accipiter chilensis) ndi cha dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chiwala cha ku Chile
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Chile ndi masentimita 42 kukula kwake ndipo chimakhala ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 59 mpaka 85.
Kulemera kuchokera magalamu 260.
Mtundu wouluka wa mbalame yodyerayi ndi wofanana ndi Accipitriné, wokhala ndi thupi lochepa komanso lowonda, lalitali, lalikasu. Nthenga za mbalame zazikulu zakuda pamwamba, pachifuwa pamutu phulusa, m'mimba muli mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri. Mchira ndi woyera pansi. Nthenga zakumtunda ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Iris ndi wachikasu. Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka ofanana.
Mbalame zazing'ono zili ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi zonunkhira kumtunda.
Chifuwacho ndi chopepuka, mimba ili ndi mikwingwirima yambiri. Mchira ndiwopepuka pamwamba, ndikupangitsa kuti milozo isawonekere. Chiwombankhanga cha ku Chile chimasiyana ndi mbewa ziwiri zofananira pakalibe gawo lakuda komanso gawo lapakatikati pamtundu wa nthenga, kuwonjezera apo, nthenga zake zimakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri pansipa.
Malo okhala nkhamba zaku Chile
Ma Hawk aku Chile amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kuwoneka m'malo ouma a nkhalango, mapaki, nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso malo owoneka bwino. Pokasaka, amapitanso kumadera omwe ali ndi tchire laling'ono, msipu komanso malo olimapo. Amawonekera, monga lamulo, m'malo owoneka bwino, omwe mapangidwe ake asinthidwa kwambiri, omwe sawwalepheretsa kuyendera m'minda ndi madimba amzindawu. Ma Hawk aku Chile amafunikira malo okhala ndi nkhalango zazikulu pafupifupi mahekitala 200.
M'madera okhala ndi nkhalango, nyama zolusa zimakonda kukhala m'malo akulu ndi kumwera kwa beech (Nothofagus). Amalekerera zochitika za anthropogenic bwino. Ma hawk aku Chile amapezeka m'malo momwe mitengo yakale yakale idapulumuka. Amayamikiranso malo omwe udzuwo umaphatikizana ndi nkhalango zowirira za nsungwi. Amakhalanso m'minda yopangidwa ndi anthu yopangidwa ndi anthu.
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Chile chinafalikira
Ma hawk aku Chile amakhala kumwera kwenikweni kwa South America. Malo awo amapita kudera la Andes, lomwe limayambira pakati pa Chile ndi kumadzulo kwa Argentina kupita ku Tierra del Fuego. Mbalamezi zomwe zimadya kuchokera kunyanja mpaka 2700 metres, koma osati pamwamba pa 1000 mita. Ku Argentina, malire akugawa akumpoto ali pafupi ndi chigawo cha Neuquen, ku Chile mdera la Valparaiso. Chiwombankhanga cha ku Chile ndi mtundu wa monotypic ndipo sichimapanga subspecies.
Makhalidwe a mbewa yaku Chile
Masana, nkhwangwa zaku Chile zimakonda kukhala panthambi zomwe zili mdera lawo. Amachoka kudera lina kupita kumalo ena kutsika kwenikweni. M'madera momwe kutulutsa kwa anthropogenic kumanenedwa, amayandikira nyumba zokhalamo anthu, akusamala kwambiri. Mbalamezi sizisonyeza kupezeka kwawo ndi mawu amawu. Ziwirizi zimapangidwa pokhapokha panthawi yoswana kenako zimaola. Sizikudziwika ngati mbalamezi zimakhala ndi ubale wosatha pakati pa zibwenzi zawo kwa nyengo zingapo motsatizana, kapena zimakhala nyengo imodzi yokha, anapiye sangaswa. Nthawi yokolola, amuna amachita ndege zowonetsera. Chinyengo chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikutetezedwa kwapawiri komwe kumawoneka ngati nambala eyiti molunjika.
Palibe amene akudziwa njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana zomwe mbalame za ku Chile zimagwirira nyama.
Wosaka nthengayu akuwonetsa kuthekera komanso kuyenda bwino kwambiri kuti agwire nyama yake ali mlengalenga. Amagwira bwino kwambiri tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timauluka chapakatikati. Pomaliza, chiombankhanga cha ku Chile chimakhala choleza mtima ndipo chimatha kudikirira nthawi yayitali mpaka munthu wina atawonekera. Ngakhale chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimasaka nyama zamtundu wosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zimadyera limodzi nthawi yoswana.
Kuswana kwa hawk
Ziwombankhanga zaku Chile zimaswana nthawi yachilimwe kumwera kwa dziko lapansi. Awiri amayamba kupanga kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala, ndipo izi zimapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka.
Chisa ndi nsanja chowulungika, kutalika kwake kumasiyana masentimita 50 mpaka 80 ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 50 mpaka 60. Akangomangidwa, sakhala kupitirira masentimita 25. Ngati chisa chakale chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, ndiye kuti kuya kwake kumawirikiza kawiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangidwa ndi nthambi zowuma komanso matabwa omwe amalumikizana kwambiri. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa 16 ndi 20 mita pamwamba pa nthaka, pa mphanda munthambi kuchokera ku thunthu pamwamba pa mtengo waukulu. Zinyama zaku Chile zimakonda kukhala pachisa chakumwera kwa beech. Nthawi zina zisa zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa nyengo zingapo motsatizana, koma ambiri, mbalame zimamanga chisa chatsopano chaka chilichonse.
Pali mazira awiri kapena atatu mu clutch, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma accipitridés ambiri.
Mazira amasiyana mitundu kuyambira yoyera mpaka imvi yoyera. Makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi masiku 21. Kuswana kwa anapiye kumachitika mu Disembala. Anapiye achichepere amawonekera pambuyo pa chaka chatsopano mpaka February. Mbalame zazikulu zimateteza kwambiri madera awo kwa nyama zouluka, kuphatikizapo Buteo polyosoma. Nyama yoopsa imeneyi ikafika pachisa, anapiye amabisa mutu wawo.
Mosiyana ndi mamembala ena onse am'banja, momwe mumakhalamo mwana wankhuku m'modzi yekha, nkhono zaku Chile zimadyetsa anapiye awiri kapena atatu kwa nkhandwe, zomwe zimakhalabe mpaka zitachoka pachisa.
Kudyetsa nkhamba ku Chile
Ziwombankhanga zaku Chile zimadyetsa pafupifupi mbalame zokhazokha, zomwe zimaposa 97% yazakudya. Amakonda mbalame zazing'ono zodutsa zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango, mitundu yoposa 30 amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yomwe ingadye. Ziwombankhanga zaku Chile zimadyanso:
- makoswe,
- zokwawa,
- njoka zazing'ono.
Komabe, nyama zolusa za ku Chile zimakonda mbalame zam'nkhalango zomwe zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi m'malo amitengo. Kutengera ndi dera lawo, nyama zawo ndi ma goldfinches, white-crested elenia, ndi thrush yakumwera.
Mkhalidwe wosamalira nkhamba waku Chile
Chifukwa chobisalira komanso malo okhala m'nkhalango, biology ya hawk yaku Chile siyimvetsetsa bwino. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama ndizofala kwambiri m'chigawo cha Cape Horn. M'nkhalangoyi, yomwe ili m'derali, kuchuluka kwa mbalame nthawi zambiri kumafikira anthu anayi pa kilomita imodzi. M'malo ena, nkhamba zaku Chile sizodziwika kwenikweni. Popeza kuti mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Chiwombankhanga cha ku Chile chimaonedwa kuti ndi chosowa. IUCN imapereka kuyerekezera kwina, ndikuganizirabe za chiwala cha ku Chile subspecies cha bicolor hawk.
