Galapagos Buzzard (Buteo galapagoensis) ndi ya banja la Accipitridés, dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Galapagos Buzzard
Kukula: 56 cm
Wingspan: 116 mpaka 140 cm.
Galapagos Buzzard ndi mbalame yayikulu, yayikulu-yakuda yakudya nyama ya mtundu wa Buteo. Ili ndi mapiko otambalala bwino: kuyambira masentimita 116 mpaka 140 ndi thupi lokulirapo masentimita 56. Nthenga za mutu wake ndi zakuda pang'ono kuposa nthenga zina zonse. Mchira ndi wakuda-mdima, wotuwa-bulauni m'munsi. Kutambalala ndi mimba yokhala ndi mawanga ofiira. Nthenga za mchira ndi zodula zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Zolemba zoyera nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kumbuyo konse. Mchira ndi wautali. Mawondo ake ndi amphamvu. Mtundu wa nthenga yamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi wofanana, koma kukula kwa thupi ndikosiyana, wamkazi amakhala wamkulu 19%.
Achinyamata a Galapagos Buzzards ali ndi nthenga zakuda. Nsidze ndi mikwingwirima pamasaya ndi yakuda. Mapangidwe m'masaya ndi otumbululuka. Mchira ndi woterera, thupi ndi lakuda. Kupatula chifuwa, chomwe chimayera momveka. Magawo otsalawo ndi akuda okhala ndi mawanga owala ndi mabanga. Mwakuwoneka, Galapagos Buzzard sangasokonezedwe ndi mbalame ina yodya nyama. Nthawi zina mphamba ndi mbalamezi zimauluka kupita kuzilumba, koma mitundu iyi imadziwika kwambiri ndipo imasiyana ndi khungubwe.
Kufalitsa kwa Galapagos Buzzard
Galapagos Buzzard imapezeka kuzilumba za Galapagos, zomwe zili pakati pa Pacific Ocean. Mpaka posachedwa, mtundu uwu udalipo pazilumba zonse kupatula zigawo zakumpoto za Culpepper, Wenman ndi Genovesa. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndikotsika kwambiri pachilumba chachikulu chapakati cha Santa Cruz. Galapagos Buzzard tsopano yatheretu kuzilumba zazing'ono zisanu zoyandikana (Seymour, Baltra, Daphne, Chatham ndi Charles). 85% ya anthu akhazikika pazilumba 5: Santiago, Isabella, Santa Fe, Espanola ndi Fernandina.
Malo okhala ku Galapagos Buzzard
Galapagos Buzzard imagawidwa m'malo onse. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pakati pa malo opanda chiphalaphala, oyenda pamwamba pa mapiri. M'nyumba zokhalamo zotseguka, zamiyala zokutira tchire. Mumakhala nkhalango zowuma.
Makhalidwe a Galapagos Buzzard
Ma Buzzards a Galapagos amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri.
Komabe, nthawi zina magulu akuluakulu a mbalame amasonkhana, amakopeka ndi nyama yakufa. Nthawi zina magulu osowa a mbalame zazing'ono komanso zazimuna zosaswana zimakumana. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, ku mphutsi za Galapagos, amuna angapo 2 kapena 3 amakwatirana ndi wamkazi m'modzi. Amuna awa amapanga mabungwe omwe amateteza madera, zisa ndikusamalira anapiye. Ndege zonse zosakanikirana zimazungulira mozungulira mlengalenga, zomwe zimatsagana ndi kukuwa. Nthawi zambiri yamphongo imadumphira mmwamba kuchokera kutalika kwambiri ndi miyendo yawo kutsitsa ndikuyandikira mbalame ina. Mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama ulibe "kuvina kwakumwamba" konga funde.
Ziphuphu za ku Galapagos zimasaka m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- gwira nyama mlengalenga;
- yang'anani kuchokera kumwamba;
- anagwidwa padziko lapansi.
Mbalamezi zikamauluka kwambiri, zimapeza nyama ndipo zimadumphiramo.
Kubala Galapagos Buzzard
Magalasi a Galapagos amabala chaka chonse, koma mosakayikira nyengo yayitali kwambiri imakhala mu Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka Ogasiti. Mbalame zodyerazi zimamanga chisa chachikulu cha nthambi chomwe chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana. Kukula kwa zisa ndi 1 ndi 1.50 mita m'mimba mwake mpaka 3 mita kutalika. Mkati mwa mphalamo muli masamba obiriwira ndi nthambi, udzu ndi zidutswa za khungwa. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamtengo wotsika womwe ukukula m'mphepete mwa chiphalaphala, mwala, kapena mwinanso pakati paudzu. Pali mazira awiri kapena atatu mu clutch, omwe mbalamezi zimasirira masiku 37 kapena 38. Achinyamata a Galapagos Buzzards amayamba kuwuluka patatha masiku 50 kapena 60.
Nthawi ziwiri izi zimatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa nkhuku zofananira.
Monga mwalamulo, nkhuku imodzi yokha imapulumuka pachisa. Kuthekera kwakuti ana apulumuke kumakulitsidwa ndi gulu losamalira akhungubwe akuluakulu, omwe amathandiza mbalame ziwiri kudyetsa akhungubwe aana. Atanyamuka, amakhala ndi makolo awo kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, ziphuphu zazing'ono zimatha kusaka zokha.
Kudyetsa Galapagos Buzzard
Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ma Buzzard a Galapagos alibe vuto lililonse kwa mbalame ndi mbalame. Amakhulupirira kuti mbalamezi zomwe zimadya nyama zimangosaka abuluzi ang'onoang'ono ndi nyama zazikulu zopanda mafupa. Komabe, ziphuphu za ku Galapagos zili ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu kwambiri, motero sizosadabwitsa pomwe kafukufuku waposachedwa wanena kuti mbalame zam'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso zakumtunda monga nkhunda, mbalame zotchedwa mockingbirds ndi ma fringilles ndi nyama. Buzzards a Galapagos amatenganso anapiye ndikuswetsa mazira amitundu ina. Amasaka makoswe, abuluzi, iguana zazing'ono, akamba. Nthawi ndi nthawi amaukira ana. Idyani mitembo ya zisindikizo kapena ma capridé. Nthawi zina amatola nsomba zosokonekera komanso zinyalala zapakhomo.
Malo osungira a Galapagos Buzzard
Kutsatira kalembera waposachedwa, a Galapagos Buzzard nambala 35 pachilumba cha Isabella, 17 ku Santa Fe, 10 ku Espanola, 10 ku Chilumba cha Fernandina, 6 ku Pinta, 5 ku Marchena ndi Pinzon, ndi awiri okha ku Santa Cruz. Anthu pafupifupi 250 amakhala kuzilumbazi. Tikaganizira anyamata achichepere omwe sanakwatirane, zimapezeka kuti pali anthu pafupifupi 400-500.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchepa pang'ono kwa anthu komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kufunafuna mbalame ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe, komanso amphaka omwe amaswana ndikuthamangira kuzilumbazi. Tsopano kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa akhungubwe kwasiya, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu chakhazikika, koma kufunafuna mbalame kukupitilira ku Santa Cruz ndi Isabela. Kudera lalikulu la Isabela Island, mbalame zomwe sizimapezeka kawirikawiri ndizocheperako chifukwa cholimbirana chakudya ndi amphaka komanso nyama zina.
Galapagos Buzzard imadziwika kuti ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa chochepa kogawa malo (ochepera 8 ma kilomita).
