Mbewa yokhala ndi zingwe zambiri (Mastomys) ndi ya makoswe ndipo ndi ya banja la mbewa. Misonkho yamtundu wa Mastomys imafunikira kufufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane komanso kutsimikiza kwa magawo azikhalidwe zamitundu yambiri.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mbewa zingapo
Maonekedwe akunja a mbewa zamiyendo ingapo amafanana ndi kapangidwe ka mbewa ndi makoswe. Kuyeza kwa thupi 6-15 masentimita, ndi mchira wautali masentimita 6-11. Kulemera kwa mbewa yamawangamawanga pafupifupi 60 magalamu. The mastomis ali awiriawiri 8-12 wa nsonga zamabele. Khalidwe ili lidathandizira pakupanga dzina linalake.
Mtundu wa malayawo ndi waimvi, wachikaso chofiyira kapena bulauni wonyezimira. Pansi pake pa thupi pamakhala papepuka, pamvi, kapena poyera. Mu mastomis imvi, iris ndi yakuda, ndipo mwa khungu lakuda, yofiira. Tsitsi la mbewa ndi lalitali komanso lofewa. Kutalika kwa thupi 6-17 masentimita, mchira 6-15 cm kutalika, kulemera kwa 20-80 magalamu. Akazi amtundu wina wama mbewa za polyamide amakhala ndi tiziwalo tofikira 24 ta mammary. Chiwerengero cha mawerechi sichimafanana ndi mitundu ina yamakoswe. Pali mtundu wa mastomis wokhala ndimatenda 10 okha a mammary.
Kufalitsa mbewa zingapo
Mbewa yomwe ili ndi mabere ambiri imagawidwa ku Africa kumwera kwa Sahara. Kumpoto kwa anthu ku North Africa ku Morocco.
Malo a mbewa ya polymax
Mbewa Poly-chisa amakhala biotopes zosiyanasiyana.
Amapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma, m'chipululu, m'chipululu. Amakhala m'midzi yaku Africa. Sapezeka m'matawuni. Mwachiwonekere, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mpikisano ndi makoswe amvi ndi akuda, omwe ndi mitundu yankhanza.
Kulimbitsa mbewa yamagulu ambiri
Mbewa zambiri zimadya mbewu ndi zipatso. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka m'zakudya zawo.
Kuswana mbewa zingapo
Mbewa zingapo zimanyamula ana masiku 23. Amabereka mbewa zakhungu 10-12, zoposa 22. Amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 1.8 ndipo amakhala okutira ndi ochepa, ochepa. Pa tsiku la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mbewa zimatseguka. Mkazi amadyetsa anawo ndi mkaka kwa milungu itatu kapena inayi. Pambuyo pa masabata 5-6, mbewa zimadya zokha. Ali ndi miyezi 2-3, mbewa zazing'ono za polymax zimabereka. Mastomis amakhala ndi ana awiri pachaka. Amayi amakhala zaka ziwiri, amuna amakhala zaka pafupifupi zitatu.
Mbewa Mipikisano nippled akusungidwa mu ukapolo
Mbewa Mipikisano nippled kupulumuka mu ukapolo. Mastomis amasungidwa ndi banja laling'ono pagulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala chachimuna chimodzi ndi akazi atatu. Mtundu uwu umakhala wamitala mwachilengedwe. Mastomis samapulumuka okha, amakhala ndi nkhawa. Mbewa zimasiya kudya.
Pakukonza mbewa zazing'onoting'ono, zingwe zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi ndodo pafupipafupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso thireyi yokhala ndi latisi.
Kungoti makoswe okhala ndi mano akuthwa amatha kumasuka kuzinthu zosalimba. Pansi pa khola pansi pamatanda amakuluma mwachangu kwambiri. Mkati, chipindacho chinali chokongoletsedwa ndi nyumba, ziphuphu, mawilo, makwerero, ndi zokopa. Ndibwino kuti mupange zokongoletsera ndi matabwa, osati pulasitiki. Mphasa, udzu wofewa, udzu wouma, mapepala, utuchi umayikidwa pansi. Komabe, utuchi wochokera mumitengo ya coniferous umatulutsa zinthu zonunkhira zotchedwa phytoncides, zomwe zimatha kukhumudwitsa mamina ndi mphuno. Kutulutsa mpweya waukali mu makoswe kumawononga chiwindi, ndipo chitetezo chimachepa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito utuchi pobowola.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana, selo limatsukidwa pafupipafupi.
Pachimbudzi, mutha kuyika chidebe chaching'ono pakona la khola. Njira zamadzi sizidzasangalatsa mbewa zazing'onoting'ono. Makoswe amakonza ubweya wawo posamba mumchenga. Mastomis amasungidwa m'magulu. Banja limalamulidwa ndi wamwamuna m'modzi kuposa akazi 3-5. Payekha, mbewa yokhala ndi ma netiweki samapulumuka ndipo imasiya kudyetsa.
Mbewa zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zakudyazo zimatha kuphatikiza:
- karoti;
- maapulo;
- nthochi;
- burokoli;
- kabichi.
Chidebe chomwera ndi madzi chimayikidwa mu khola, lomwe nthawi ndi nthawi limasinthidwa ndi madzi abwino.
Mastomis ndi chinthu chosangalatsa chowonera. Ndi nyama zoyenda, zokonda kudziwa. Koma, monga ziweto zonse, amafunikira chisamaliro, chisamaliro ndi kulumikizana. Amakhala aukali komanso amantha ngati salankhulana nawo.
Mkhalidwe wosungira mbewa zingapo zamabele
Pali mitundu yosawerengeka ya Mastomys awashensis pakati pa mbewa zingapo zamabele. Idalembedwa kuti ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa ili ndi magawo ochepa ogawa ndipo imakhala mdera losakwana 15,500 km2. Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala akukhalabe ochepa, m'malo ena osachepera 10. Maderawa satha, ngakhale m'malo ena Mastomys awashensis amasamukira kumalo olimapo. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Ethiopia Rift Valley, kufalitsa kwa mbewa yosawerengeka kumangokhala gawo laling'ono la chigwa chapamwamba cha Mtsinje wa Avash. Kukumana konse ndi Mastomys awashensis amadziwika kuchokera kugombe lakum'mawa kwa Lake Coca, ku National Park. Malo okhala adalembedwa m'mbali mwa Nyanja Zeway. Makoswe amapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Avash, a Mastomys awashensis amakhala m'nkhalango zazitali zazitali za mthethe ndi blackthorn ndi madera oyandikana ndi ulimi.
Mtundu uwu suwoneka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Kukula kwa ulimi ndi nthaka yoti mubzale mbewu zomwe zikulimidwa zikuwopseza mtunduwo. Mitunduyi imatha kuopseza posachedwa. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Awash National Park. Ndikofunikira kusunga malo okhala amtunduwu M. awashensis amasiyana ndi mitundu ina iwiri M. erythroleucus ndi M. natalensis mu karyotype (32 chromosomes), mawonekedwe a Y chromosome, kapangidwe ka ziwalo zoberekera, komanso mawonekedwe amiyeso ya mchira. Makhalidwe apadera a mitundu itatu ya Aitiopiya akuwonetsa mawonekedwe osinthika.
Zizindikiro zakusiyana sizinaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane ndi amisonkho. Popeza mitundu yambiri yofananira ndi morphologically imasiyana mosakanikirana ndi zilembo zomwe zidapangidwa m'malo otseguka kumtunda kwambiri ndipo sizimapezeka m'mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'malo otsika owuma. Chigwacho, ndi nyama zake zapadera, ndi gawo lofunikira m'chigawo cha Ethiopia chomwe chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazinyama. Mastomys awashensis ali pa IUCN Red List ngati Mitundu Yowopsa, Gulu 2.
