Kutanthauzira kwa bowa ngati mtundu wa moss ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtundu uwu ndi mitundu ya Boletus sizikudziwika komanso zotsutsana. Ma flywheels ndi osakanikirana kwambiri m'magulu angapo ndi mitundu. Maguluwa amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mzake ndi maatomical osiyanasiyana komanso zina. Komanso kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi ma mycologists akuwonetsa kuti bowa samachokera ku kholo limodzi lofala.
Etymology ya dzina "flywheel"
Mitengo yazipatso zamtunduwu imakhala m'madambo okutidwa ndi moss m'mitengo ya coniferous komanso yosakanikirana. Otola bowa amatenga bowa kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka chisanu choyamba. Pafupifupi bowa zamtundu uwu ndizodyedwa, chokhacho ndi mphukira zabodza.
Kufotokozera kwa bowa wa flywheel
Ma flywheels ochokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera, koma onse amakhala ndi izi:
Chipewa
Wouma pang'ono ndi velvety. M'mitundu yoyipa kwambiri, khungu limasweka. Kukula kwa kapu kumadalira gawo la moyo, koma sikudutsa 9 cm.
Zamkati
Mtundu umawoneka pamalo obowolera. Thupi limakhalabe loyera, limasanduka lachikasu, limatembenuka kukhala lofiira, ndikusintha buluu m'mitundu yambiri.
Hymenophore
Ma pores a ma tubules ndi otakata, owonetsa kufiyira, kuyambira chikaso mpaka utoto wachikasu. Pambuyo kuwonongeka, tubules kutembenukira buluu.
Mwendo
Maonekedwewo amatengera mitundu, yolimba kapena yosalala, tsinde limakula mpaka masentimita 8.
Sitampu yotsutsana
Mthunzi umadalira mitundu.
Bowa wodyedwa
M'banja la Boletov, bowa ali ndi wachibale - bowa wa boletus. Anthu amatenga chakudya chamagetsi chotsatira:
- zosiyana;
- chofiira;
- chobiriwira;
- Chipolishi;
- wachikasu bulauni.
Mosswheel wobiriwira
Amapezeka makamaka pansi pa mitengo yotambalala, m'mphepete mwa minda ya coniferous, komwe kumamera birch ndi msondodzi.
Popeza bowa alibe mawonekedwe apadera, kuyesa kosavuta kwa mankhwala kumathandiza kuzindikira molondola kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa Green flywheel: kapu imasanduka yofiira kwambiri ngati dontho la ammonia lakwaniritsidwa.
Chikhalidwe
Ntchentche yobiriwira imapezeka m'malo ambiri ku Europe, Asia ndi North America, Australia.
Chipewa
Mu bowa wachichepere, ndimakona osasunthika komanso osindikizira, amakhala osalala ndipo nthawi zina amang'ambika pamene matupi azipatso amakula, mnofu wachikasu umawonekera pansi pa cuticle.
Atatsegulidwa kwathunthu, maambulera azipewa amasintha kukhala abulauni kapena azitona, m'mimba mwake mwa masentimita 4 mpaka 8 okhala ndi m'mbali mosagwirizana, pang'ono pang'ono.
Tubules ndi pores
Ndi mtundu wachikaso wachikaso, umadetsedwa ndi zaka, ma tubules amamatira mwendo. Akaphwanyidwa, ma pores (koma osati m'mitundu yonse) amatembenukira buluu, kenako malowa amasandulika.
Mwendo
Woyeserera ngati kapu kapena wakuda pang'ono, nthawi zina amakhala wotsekemera pang'ono m'munsi ndikukulira kulunjika pachipewa. Thupi la tsinde silimasintha kwambiri mtundu kapena limasanduka lofiira pang'ono likadulidwa ndikuwonetsedwa ndi mpweya. 1 mpaka 2 cm m'mimba mwake, kutalika 4 mpaka 8 cm.
Spore kusindikiza azitona bulauni. Fungo / kukoma sikusiyana.
Malo okhala ndi chilengedwe
Bowa wa mycorrhizal uyu amapezeka mwapadera kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pansi pa mitengo yotambalala m'mapaki ndi m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, makamaka m'nthaka yamiyala.
Fluwheel wobiriwira pophika
Boletus amadya, koma osati wamtengo wapatali. Imawonjezeredwa ku bowa wina m'mbale, zouma ndi kusungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
Flywheel wachikasu-bulauni
Bowa wofewawu amakololedwa m'minda ya paini kapena pafupi nawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa heather. Amakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, osati mabanja. Mitundu ya zitsanzo zazing'ono imatulutsa timadontho ta mkaka. M'nyengo yamvula, zisoti zimakhala zomata pang'ono, osati zazing'ono.
Chikhalidwe
Ku Continental Europe, ntchentche zachikasu zofiirira nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumpoto kwa kumpoto, kufupi ndi kumwera kumakhala kosowa kwambiri, ngakhale kufalikira kumafika ku Asia. Mitunduyi imapezekanso kumadera ena a North America.
Chipewa
Mtundu wachikaso wachikaso mpaka bulauni wachikaso, pamwamba pake nthawi zonse pamakhala youma (kupatula nyengo yamvula), yoluka bwino kapena yoluka pang'ono, imakula mpaka 4-10 masentimita m'mimba mwake ndipo imangokhala yosalala pang'ono. Zamkati zimakhala zotumbululuka zachikaso ndi zofewa, zowoneka buluu zikadulidwa.
Tubules ndi pores
Timachubu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timalowa ndi utoto wa utoto wa maolivi, womwe umakhala ndi sinamoni ndi utoto wa mpiru ukakhwima bwinobwino.
Mwendo
Pang'ono pang'ono otsekemera udzu wachikaso ndipo mulibe mphete kapena malo owonera. Mukadulidwa, mnofu wachikaso wotumbululuka sungasinthe kwambiri mtundu.
Sitampu yotsutsana
Ocher kapena Isinna Brown. Fungo silosiyana, kukoma kumakhala kowawa.
Mossy wachikasu bulauni pophika
Chakudya, komabe, chimakhala ndi kukoma kwachitsulo komanso fungo losasangalatsa mukaphika.
Amakhulupirira kukhumudwitsa m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kutsuka zipewa, kuchotsa ma tubules, kuphika bwino ndiyeno, monga zimakhalira ndi bowa wina aliyense yemwe amayesedwa koyamba, idyani magawo ang'onoang'ono kufikira mutatsimikiza kuti palibe zomwe zingachitike.
Flywheel wofiira
Bowa wokongola wa ectomycorrhizal umakula panthaka yolemera pansi pamitengo yovuta, makamaka umakonda beech ndi thundu, imaswana m'magulu, m'malo moyimira payokha, yomwe imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'minda, madambo, mapaki ndi minda.
Chikhalidwe
Bowa, wosowa kapena wosapezeka ponseponse kumpoto kwa kumpoto, amakonda nyengo yotentha yaku Europe, imachitika m'magulu azithunzi za 3 mpaka 10.
Chipewa
Kutalika kuyambira 3 mpaka 8 cm, kotentheka kwambiri, kenako kumaphwanyidwa, nthawi zina ndimatenda ochepa apakati. Mu bowa wachichepere, ndi wofiira, wosintha kukhala mtundu wokhwima, wofiira wa azitona wokhala ndi mzere wachikaso chakumbuyo. Pamwambapa pamakhala youma komanso velvety, sikungowonongeka ngakhale mu bowa wakale.
Tubules ndi pores
Ma tubules ndi achikasu achikasu, ma pores ndi achikasu mandimu, obiriwira komanso achikulire. Mukawonongeka, mabowo ndi machubu amatembenuka pang'onopang'ono kukhala amtambo.
Mwendo
Ndi 4 mpaka 8 cm masentimita, 4 mpaka 8 mm m'mimba mwake, cylindrical, chowala chachikaso pamwamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimakhala chofiira kumunsi. Mnofuwo ndi wachikasu wotumbululuka, umakhala wachikasu kwambiri m'munsi ndikusintha buluu ukadulidwa.
Spore kusindikiza azitona bulauni. Fungo lokomoka, osatinso kukoma (sopo pang'ono).
Mbalame yofiira pophika
Bowa ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphutsi atakula. Kukoma ndi fungo lokomoka sizothandiza kuphika kapena kukazinga. Bowa amawotcha kapena amauma, amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi bowa wina.
Kupukutira kwa Moss
Kugawidwa mu nkhalango za spruce ndi pine, zimawonekeranso pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu, beeches, chestnuts ndi mitengo yambiri yazitali.
Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira ndiyo nyengo yosakira bowa wodyedwa, womwe umawoneka wofanana ndi bowa wa porcini, nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mphutsi, ngakhale ambulera ya kapu itatsegulidwa kwathunthu.
Chikhalidwe
Kuphulika kwa moss ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino kumadera otentha ku Europe ndi North America. Simakula kawirikawiri m'magulu azithunzi zopitilira ziwiri kapena zitatu; pansi pa mitengo yakale yamapine akale, mpaka bowa 4-5 amapezeka.
Chipewa
Yaikulu, yosalala bulauni kapena mabokosi, osindikizira pang'ono mu bowa wakhanda. Imakula mpaka 5-15 cm m'mimba mwake, imakhala ndi mnofu wolimba, wotumbululuka, imasanduka buluu ikadulidwa.
Thupi
Mnofu wa kapu ndi tsinde ndi loyera kapena nthawi zina lachikaso pachigawo choyambirira cha moyo wa ntchentche yaku Poland, imakhazikika pansi penipeni pa kapu ndikusandulika buluu m'derali nthawi yomweyo pamwamba pamachubu komanso pamwamba pa mwendo.
Ziphuphu
Wachikasu wonyezimira, wosintha buluu akamadulidwa, kutha ndi ma pores achikasu otumbululuka omwe (pafupifupi nthawi zonse) amatembenukira obiriwira obiriwira akadulidwa. Kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika mwachangu ndipo kumawonekera kwambiri bowa wokhwima, ndipo ngati mungakhudze ma pores, chizindikiro chakuda buluu chimatsalira m'manja mwanu.
Mwendo
Mwendo wabulauni wokutidwa ndi ulusi wabwino wa thonje womwe umawoneka wowoneka bwino. Palibe mphete, m'mimba mwake mulibe ngakhale pang'ono, ngakhale tsinde nthawi zambiri limakhala lopindika pang'ono, makamaka pafupi ndi tsinde. 2 mpaka 3 cm m'mimba mwake, 5 mpaka 15 cm kutalika. Thupi lake ndi loyera kapena loyera ndimu ndipo limasanduka buluu pang'ono likadulidwa.
Spore kusindikiza azitona bulauni. Kukoma kwa bowa wofatsa, osati kununkhira kwapadera.
Moss opangira pophika
Bowa ndi wamkulu komanso mnofu. M'malo aliwonse, bowa wa porcini amalowedwa m'malo ndi bowa waku Poland, ndipo omwe amadya sadziwa mwa kulawa kuti kusintha kwachitika. Izi bowa zouma kuti zisungidwe, zidulidutswa tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, kenako tizimazizira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo.
Mtsinje wa Motley
Ndi mitundu yachilendo ku Continental Europe. Moss wa motley umapezeka pansi pa ma conifers, koma nthawi zina mumiseche.
Chipewa
Chosaya, chotsekemera, imvi-chikasu kapena bulauni, chikuphwanyaphwanya, kuwulula kanyama kakang'ono kofiira pansi pa khungu. Makulidwe a 4 mpaka 10 cm, akatsegulidwa kwathunthu, mnofu wabwino umasanduka wabuluu pang'ono ukadulidwa.
Tubules ndi pores
Timachubu tachikasu timathera m'matumba akulu, angular, mandimu achikasu omwe amasandutsa azitona wonyansa ndi ukalamba. Zikaphwanyidwa, ziberekero za anthu okhwima zimasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala zobiriwira.
Mwendo
Wopanda mphete, wachikaso wowala wokhala ndi ma fibrils ofiira a coral omwe amawoneka ngati rhubarb. Mukadulidwa, mnofu wa tsinde umasandulika wofiira pansi pa chipolopolo chakunja, m'malo ena umakhala woterera, sumasanduka wabuluu. Kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 mm m'mimba mwake komanso kuyambira 4 mpaka 8 masentimita kutalika, m'mimba mwake ndi chimodzimodzi m'litali mwake.
Spore sindikizani azitona bulauni. Fungo / kukoma sikusiyana.
Motley moss pophika
Zitsanzo zokhwima sizikhala ndi chidwi chophikira chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kakang'ono. Bowa amadya ngati waphika bwinobwino.
Mawuluka abodza
Flywheel tiziromboti
Osati chakupha, chowawa, chosasangalatsa m'makomedwe, chimamera pamatsalira a warty pseudo-raincoat. Chipewa chimakhala chachikulu masentimita 5, sichitembenukira buluu mukawonongeka.
Bowa la mabokosi
Wofiirira, wofiirira, mpaka masentimita 8 m'mimba mwake, sasintha utoto akadulidwa. Mwendo wamphamvu 3.5 x 3 cm kuti mufanane ndi kapuyo. Fluwheel iyi imadyedwa, koma ikangotentha komanso kuyanika. Ndiye kuwawa kumatha.
Bowa wam'mimba
Mwendo waukuluwo ukufanana ndi mwendo wa bowa wa porcini. Kukula kwake kwa kapu ya siponji kumakhala masentimita 7. Mnofu wofiirayo umawawawa, umawotcha lilime. Artropods samadya kapena kuyala mphutsi mu bowa uwu.
Bowa wa tsabola
Chipewa ndi chofiirira mopepuka, chotukukira, mpaka m'mimba mwake masentimita 7. Mnofu umakhala wosasunthika, wachikasu, wofiira utadulidwa, ndikumva kukoma kwa tsabola. Mwendo ndi wopindika, wotchinga, utoto wofanana ndi kapu, chikaso pansi.
Zizindikiro zakupha poyizoni ndi ma flywheels abodza
Bowa zonse zabodza sizili ndi poizoni, sizimafa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito. Amamva kuwawa, choncho anthu amangolavulira bowa wonamawo ndipo samadya zomwe zili m'mbalemo, ngakhale atha kudya.
Ngati aliyense adadya flywheel yabodza, ndiye kuti imakhumudwitsa m'mimba. Chithandizo - kutsekula m'mimba, kudya kwamatsenga.
Kodi maubwino abwinobwino a flywheel ndi ati
Ndi bowa wotsika kwambiri wokhala ndi zakudya zochepa, koma mafuta ambiri ofunikira, omwe amathandizira kuphatikiza chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa limodzi ndi bowa.
Ma Flywheels amasunga molybdenum, chitsulo chomwe chimachita nawo zinthu zambiri m'thupi. Komanso matupi opatsa zipatso amakhala ndi:
- vitamini A;
- calcium;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- michere.
Mu mankhwala owerengeka, bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda m'thupi. Mycologists apeza maantibayotiki achilengedwe mthupi la bowa.
Ndi nthawi yanji yomwe pamafunika kuwuluka?
Zipewa za agaric ndi ntchentche agaric ndizofanana. Mu bowa wakupha, ndi lamellar, mu ntchentche, ndimachubu. Chifukwa chake, ngati kulibe chidziwitso chodziwa bowa, ndibwino kuti musasankhe bowa ngati simukumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a bowa.
Monga mitundu ina, bowa amakhala ovuta kugaya chakudya, ngakhale ataphika. Zimakulitsa matenda am'mimba ndi chiwindi, chifuwa cha zakudya. Ana alibe michere yopukusira chakudya cha bowa, osati bowa kokha.
Pewani malo odyera bowa pafupi ndi misewu, mafakitale, ndi misewu yapafupi ndi minda yolimapo yolima. Ma flywheels amasonkhanitsa zinthu zowopsa ndikuzisunga ngakhale zitakonzedwa bwino.
Kukolola moss
Bowa sungasungidwe mwatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali, zimawonongeka mwachangu. Pofuna kusunga zokolola m'nyengo yozizira, bowa amaundana, kuzifutsa kapena kuumitsa.
