Common piranha (lat. Pygocentrus nattereri, komanso piranha Natterera, red-belied, red) ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi mbiriyakale kale, chifukwa idasungidwa m'madzi kwa zaka zopitilira 60.
Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa piranha ndipo umapezeka mwachilengedwe, makamaka ku Amazon ndi Orinoco.
Piranha yofiira kwambiri imawoneka yokongola ikayamba kukhwima. Msana wake ndi wachitsulo, mtembo wake wonse ndi siliva, ndipo mimba yake, mmero, ndi kumapeto kwake ndi kofiira.
Ndi imodzi mwama piranhas akulu kwambiri, mpaka 33 cm, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono m'nyanja. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'magulu a anthu 20, motero, ndizosavuta kwa iwo kusaka, koma nthawi yomweyo samadzichitira okha.
Piranha wofiira wofiira amadziwika kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri mwa oimira mitundu yonseyi yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe.
Ngakhale sizosankha za kudyetsa komanso ndizolimba, zimangolimbikitsidwa kuti muzisungire akatswiri odziwa zamadzi. Imeneyi ndi nsomba yolusa yomwe ili ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri.
Kulumidwa kwamadzi ambiri kumachitika chifukwa chonyalanyaza, komabe ndibwino kuti musamangike manja anu mu aquarium. Kuphatikiza apo, imafuna kwambiri madzi.
Nsombazo ndizolowera kudya ndipo sizoyenera kuchita nawo gawo lililonse m'nyanja yamadzi. Amatha kukhala mumchere wa aquarium okha, koma ndibwino kuwasunga m'gulu.
Komabe, ngakhale pagulu lopangidwa, milandu yaukali komanso kudya anzawo siachilendo. Monga lamulo, nsomba yayikulu kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri imalamulira gulu. Amakhala mipando yabwino kwambiri ndikudya kaye. Kuyesera kulikonse kutsutsa zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano kumathera pankhondo kapena kuvulaza mdaniyo.
Mutha kuyesa zokhutira ndi mitundu ina yayikulu yamtundu wake, monga black pacu akadali wachinyamata.
Mwa nsomba imodzi, madzi okwanira a malita 150 ndi okwanira, koma sukulu imafunika ina yokulirapo. Amadya kwambiri komanso mwadyera, kusiya zinyalala zambiri, ndipo amafunikira fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Piranha wofiira (Latin Pygocentrus nattereri kale, Serrasalmus nattereri ndi Rooseveltiella nattereri) adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1858 ndi Kner.
Pali kutsutsana kwakukulu pa dzina lachi Latin ndipo ndizotheka kuti lisintha, koma pakadali pano tidakhazikika pa P. nattereri.
Amapezeka ku South America konse: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador ndi Uruguay. Amakhala ku Amazon, Orinoco, Parana ndi mitsinje ing'onoing'ono yambiri.
Amakhala m'mitsinje, mitsinje, mitsinje yaying'ono. Komanso m'madziwe akulu, m'mayiwewe, nkhalango zodzaza madzi ndi zigwa. Amasaka pagulu la anthu 20 mpaka 30.
Amadyetsa chilichonse chomwe chingadyedwe: nsomba, nkhono, zomera, zopanda mafupa, amphibiya.
Kufotokozera
Piranhas amakula mpaka 33 cm, koma izi ndizachilengedwe, ndipo mumchere wa aquarium ndizochepa kwambiri.
Nthawi yanthawi yayitali yazaka pafupifupi 10, koma milandu idalembedwa pomwe amakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 20.
Piranha ili ndi thupi lamphamvu, lolimba, lopanikizika pambuyo pake. Ndikosavuta kuzizindikira pamutu ndi nsagwada yayikulu kwambiri.
Onjezani mchira wamphamvu ndi thupi lokulirapo ndipo muli ndi chithunzi chabwino cha wakupha mwachangu, mwachangu.
Anthu okhwima mwa kugonana ndi okongola kwambiri. Mtundu wa thupi umatha kusiyanasiyana, koma makamaka ndi chitsulo kapena imvi, mbali zake zimakhala zasiliva, ndipo mimba, mmero ndi kumapeto kumatako ndi kofiira.
Ena amakhalanso ndi golide wonyezimira m'mbali. Ziwombankhanga zimazimiririka, ndimtundu wa silvery.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Nsombazo ndizodzichepetsa pakudyetsa komanso ndizosavuta kusunga. Komabe, osavomerezeka kwa akatswiri osadziwa zamadzi.
Ndi nyama zolusa, ndizokulirapo, ndizabwino kusamalira aquarium mosamala, pakhala pali milandu pomwe ma piranas adavulaza eni ake, mwachitsanzo, pakuzika.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, amadya mosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngakhale - ndizomwe amapeza kapena kupeza. Monga lamulo, izi ndi nsomba, molluscs, zamoyo zopanda mafupa, amphibiya, zipatso, mbewu.
Koma, posonkhana m'magulu opitilira zana, amatha kuukira nyama zazikulu, monga mphalapala kapena capybara.
Ngakhale ali ndi mbiri yoyipa, mwachilengedwe, ma piranhas amakhala osaka nyama komanso osaka tizilombo. Amawonetsa zankhanza munthawi ya chilala ndi ziweto zambiri, zomwe sizimasonkhana posaka, koma kuti zitetezedwe kwa adani.
Nyama zofooka komanso zodwala zokha ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ma piranhas.
Mu aquarium, amakonda chakudya cha nyama - nsomba, timadzi ta nsomba, nkhanu zowirira, nyama ya squid, mtima, nyongolotsi ndi zokwawa, nthawi zina amakhala mbewa.
Koma sizikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nyama zanyama, chifukwa sizimayesedwa bwino ndi nsomba ndipo zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Chonde dziwani kuti padzakhala zakudya zambiri zotsalira pambuyo pawo, ndipo zowola zitha kupha madzi.
Ngakhale
Funso loti kaya piranha amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba mwina ndi lovuta kwambiri. Ena amati izi ndizosatheka, ena amawasunga bwino ndi nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri.
Zowonjezera, zimadalira pazinthu zambiri: kukula kwa aquarium, kuchuluka kwa zomera, magawo amadzi, kuchuluka kwa anthu, mawonekedwe awo, momwe amadyetsera ena ndi ena.
Ndikosavuta kusunga ndi mitundu ikuluikulu: pacu wakuda, kuyimba mphamba, plekostomus, pterygoplicht. Omaliza awiriwa amakhala bwino nawo, chifukwa amakhala m'munsi, ndipo amatetezedwa ndi mbale zamafupa.
Mutha kuyesa nsomba zina, koma mwayi wake. Ma piranhas ena samakhudza aliyense kwazaka zambiri, ena….
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira mu aquarium
Imakhala m'malo onse amadzi. Mu aquarium yokhala ndi malita 150, palibe nsomba yopitilira imodzi. Poganizira kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga ma piranhas pagulu la anthu anayi kapena kupitilira apo, kuchuluka kwa gulu lotere kumafunika kuchokera ku malita 300 kapena kupitilira apo.
Chodabwitsa, ali amanyazi mokwanira, ndikuwapangitsa kuti azikhala omasuka, nyanja yamchere imasowa malo omwe amabisala. Poterepa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yolowetsa kapena zinthu zina zokongoletsera, chifukwa zomera zitha kuwononga.
Chofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zili ndimadzi oyera nthawi zonse. Onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate sabata iliyonse ndi mayeso, ndikusintha madzi sabata iliyonse.
Ndikofunika kuti pali fyuluta yakunja yamadzi mu aquarium ndipo madzi amasintha pafupipafupi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti ndi zinyalala kwambiri akamadya, ndipo amadya zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zimaola msanga.
Fyuluta iyenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi kuposa m'madzi ena am'madzi. Njira yabwino yodziwira nthawi yoyenera ndi, komanso, ndi mayeso.
Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi am'madzi osungunuka mukamatsuka zosefera!
Chofunika kwambiri pazokhutira (komanso zosangalatsa!) Ndikuwona. Onetsetsani ziweto zanu, werengani, mumvetsetse, ndipo pakapita kanthawi simufunikiranso kuwaopa. Mudzawona mavuto onse panthawi yoyamba.
Kusiyana kogonana
Ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna. Mawonedwe, izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha pakuwona machitidwe kwakanthawi, makamaka musanabadwe.
Amuna panthawiyi amajambulidwa ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, ndipo mimba yamkazi imakhala yozungulira kuchokera kumazira.
Kubereka
Choyambirira, aquarium iyenera kukhala pamalo opanda phokoso pomwe palibe amene angasokoneze nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, nsombayo iyenera kukhala yogwirizana (sukulu yomwe yakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, yokhala ndi olamulira otukuka)
Kuti mupambane bwino, muyenera madzi oyera kwambiri - osachepera ammonia ndi nitrate, ph 6.5-7.5, kutentha 28 ° C, ndi aquarium yayikulu, momwe banjali lingasankhe gawo lawo.
Banja lokonzekera kubereka limasankha malo oberekera, omwe amatetezedwa mwamphamvu. Mtunduwo umachita mdima ndipo amayamba kumanga chisa pansi pake, kuphwanya mbewu ndi miyala yosuntha.
Apa chachikazi chimayika mazira, chomwe champhongo chimawapatsa msanga. Pambuyo pobereka, yamphongo imasunga mazira ndikuukira aliyense amene ayandikire.
Caviar ndi lalanje mtundu, amaswa masiku 2-3. Kwa masiku angapo, mphutsi zimadya pa yolk sac, kenako zimasambira.
Kuyambira pano, mwachangu amasamutsidwa kupita ku nazale ya aquarium. Samalani, chachimuna chimatha kuwukira chinthucho, kuteteza mwachangu.
Piranhas kale ndi achangu, amadyera kwambiri chakudya. Muyenera kuwadyetsa ndi brine shrimp nauplii, masiku oyamba, ndikuwonjezera ma flakes, ma bloodworms, daphnia, ndi zina zambiri.
Muyenera kudyetsa mwachangu nthawi zambiri, kawiri kapena katatu patsiku. Achinyamata amakula mwachangu kwambiri, mpaka kufika sentimita m'mwezi.
