Russian desman (desman, khokhulya, lat. Desmana moschata) Ndi nyama yochititsa chidwi kwambiri yomwe imakhala makamaka pakatikati pa Russia, komanso ku Ukraine, Lithuania, Kazakhstan ndi Belarus. Ichi ndi chinyama chokhazikika (chomwe chimapezeka), chomwe chimapezeka ku Europe konse, tsopano chili pakamwa pa Dnieper, Don, Ural ndi Volga. Pazaka 50 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zokongolazi kwatsika kuchoka pa 70,000 kufika pa 35,000. Chifukwa chake, adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi, atalowa m'mabuku a Red Book, ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi pang'ono.
Kufotokozera
Desman, kapena hokhulya - (Latin Desmana moschata) ndi wa banja la ma mole, kuchokera pagulu la tizilomboto. Ndi nyama yomwe imakhala pamtunda, koma imayang'ana nyama yomwe ili pansi pamadzi.
Kukula kwake sikumadutsa masentimita 18 mpaka 22, kumalemera pafupifupi magalamu 500, kumakhala ndi thunzi losunthika lomwe lili ndi mphuno ngati thunthu. Maso ang'ono, makutu ndi mphuno zimatseka pansi pamadzi. Wolemba ku Russia ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, ya miyendo isanu yokhala ndi septa yolumikizana. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayikulu kuposa yakutsogolo. Misomali ndi yayitali, yakuthwa komanso yokhota.
Ubweya wa nyamayo ndi wapadera. Ndi wandiweyani kwambiri, wofewa, wolimba komanso wokutidwa ndimadzi amafuta kuti muwonjezere glide. Kapangidwe ka muluwo ndikodabwitsa - koonda pamizu ndikufutukuka mpaka kumapeto. Msana ndi imvi yakuda, pamimba ndikapepuka kapena imvi.
Mchira wa desman ndiwosangalatsa - ndi wautali masentimita 20; ili ndi chisindikizo chowoneka ngati peyala m'munsi, momwe zimakhalira zotulutsa fungo linalake. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mtundu wa mphete, ndikupitilira mchira ndiwophwatalala, wokutidwa ndi masikelo, komanso pakati komanso ulusi wolimba.
Nyama ndizosaona, motero zimayang'ana mlengalenga chifukwa cha kununkhiza komanso kukhudza. Tsitsi losalala limakula pathupi, ndipo ma vibrissa ataliatali amakula pamphuno. Wotsutsa waku Russia ali ndi mano 44.
Malo okhala ndi moyo
Wogulitsa ku Russia amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja zamadzi osefukira, mayiwe ndi mitsinje. Ndi nyama yogona usiku. Amakumba maenje awo pamtunda. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutuluka kumodzi kokha ndipo kumatsogolera posungira. Kutalika kwa ngalandeyo kumafika mamita atatu. M'chilimwe amakhala mosiyana, m'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa nyama mu mink imodzi kumatha kufikira anthu 10 mpaka 15 osiyana siyana azaka zogonana.
Zakudya zabwino
Hohuli ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimadyetsa anthu okhala pansi. Zimayenda mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, nyamazi zimagwiritsa ntchito thumba lawo lalitali lotulutsa "kufufuza" ndi "kununkhiza" timagulu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, leeches, mphutsi, tizilombo, crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kudya ndi kubzala chakudya.
Ngakhale amakhala ochepa, desman amadya kwambiri. Amatha kuyamwa magalamu 500 patsiku. chakudya, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kofanana ndi kulemera kwake.
Munthu waku Russia adya nyongolotsi
Kubereka
Nthawi yoberekera mu desman imayamba munthu atatha msinkhu ali ndi miyezi khumi. Masewera okwatirana, monga lamulo, amaphatikizidwa ndi ndewu za amuna ndi mamvekedwe azisamba a akazi okonzeka kukwatirana.
Mimba imatenga mwezi wopitilira pang'ono, pambuyo pake kumabadwa ana a dazi akhungu olemera magalamu 2-3. Nthawi zambiri akazi amabala mwana mmodzi kapena asanu. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi amayamba kudya chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu, ndipo pakatha pang'ono amakhalanso odziyimira pawokha.
Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa akazi ndi ana awiri pachaka. Kuchuluka kwa chonde kumapeto kwa masika, koyambirira kwa chilimwe, komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, koyambirira kwachisanu.
Nthawi yayitali yakutchire ndi zaka 4. Mu ukapolo, nyama zimakhala zaka zisanu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chitetezo
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale amatsimikizira kuti wolamulira waku Russia adasunga mitundu yake osasintha kwa zaka 30-40 miliyoni. ndikukhala m'chigawo chonse cha Europe. Masiku ano, kuchuluka ndi malo okhala anthu atsika kwambiri. Pali matupi amadzi ocheperako, chilengedwe chikuipitsidwa, nkhalango zikudulidwa.
Chitetezo, Desmana moschata Kuphatikizidwa ndi Red Book of Russia ngati mitundu yotsalira yazachilengedwe yomwe ikuchepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungira angapo owerengera ndi kuteteza khokhul adapangidwa.
