Njoka ya chimanga wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda ma terrarium, chifukwa Njokayo ndiyosasamala poisunga, imawongoleredwa mwachangu ndipo siyimva kukwiya kwa anthu. Kodi chokwawa ichi ndi chiyani kuthengo? Chochititsa chidwi ndi chachilendo pamoyo wake? Kodi ndi zizolowezi ziti ndi mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika? Tidzayesera kuphunzira zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane, kuwulula zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi za moyo wa njoka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Njoka ya chimanga
Njoka ya chimanga sinapatsidwe poyizoni, chokwawa ndi cha banja lomwe lapangidwa kale ndipo ndi gulu lotchedwa Latin Pantherophis. Chokwawa chimakwezedwa ngati njoka yamphongo yofiira, mwachiwonekere, kutengera mtundu wake ndi zokonda zake. Amatcha njokayo ndi njoka yomwe ikukwera mawanga, ndipo m'magulu apadera a terrariumists, njokayi imadziwika kuti gutata. Kwa anthu, mitundu iyi ya njoka ndiyotetezeka kwathunthu.
Kanema: Njoka ya chimanga
Anthu ambiri amafunsa funso ili: "Chifukwa chiyani njokayi ndi chimanga kwenikweni?" Pali mitundu iwiri pamalopo. Malinga ndi woyamba, njokayo amatchedwa chimanga chifukwa malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi minda yofesedwa chimanga ndi nkhokwe, momwe chokwawa chimagwira mitundu yonse ya mbewa. Mtundu wachiwiri ukuwonetsa kuti njokayo amatchedwa chimanga, chifukwa mawonekedwe pamimba pake amafanana ndi maso a chimanga pachitsamba.
Mpaka 2002, ndi mitundu iwiri yokha ya njoka ya chimanga yomwe idalembedwa, koma akatswiri a herpetologists atazindikira mtundu wina, tsopano pali atatu mwa iwo misonkho. Kukula kwa reptile kumasiyana m'malire a mita ziwiri, koma zowonjezerazo sizipezeka kawirikawiri, kutalika kwa njoka ya chimanga nthawi zambiri sikuposa mita imodzi ndi theka. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundumitundu ya chimanga, yomwe tidzayesetsanso kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wothamanga chimanga cha njoka
Njoka za chimanga zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso owala. Tinazindikira kukula kwake, koma mtundu wa zokwawa zikuyimiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Mitundu yosiyanayi mumitundu yomweyo ya reptile amatchedwa ma morphs asayansi.
Tiyeni tifotokozere otchuka kwambiri a iwo:
- morph "Amelanism" imadziwika ndikuti utoto wakuda wamtundu wa njoka umachotsedwa kwathunthu. Maso a njoka amakhala achikuda kapena ofiira, ndipo kamvekedwe kathupi kofananira ndimaso, oyera-pinki kapena ofiira;
- morph "Anerythrysm" imasiyana chifukwa palibe njoka yofiira, komwe kuli kachilombo kameneka ndi kotuwa mopepuka ndikutuluka kwachikasu m'khosi ndi m'mimba;
- morph "Hypomelanism" - mtunduwo umayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, komanso mitundu yakuda;
- Morph "Makala" amasiyanitsidwa ndi imvi kapena mtundu wachikuda wosalowerera ndale, ndipo mtundu wachikasu sichimasankhidwa;
- morph "Lava" ndi chifukwa cha utoto wakuda kwambiri, womwe umapangitsa nyamayo kukhala yonyong'onyeka ndikupezeka kwakanthawi kochepa;
- morph "Caramel" imadziwika ndikuti mawu ofiira amasinthidwa ndi chikaso, ndikupanga zotsatira za caramel;
- morph "Lavender" ndi mtundu wosangalatsa kwambiri komanso wosazolowereka, womwe umadziwika kuti melanin kulibiretu, chifukwa njokayo imapeza lavender wosakhwima, pinki kapena mithunzi ya khofi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pakati pa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya zovala za njoka, komabe, utoto wachilengedwe wa njokayo umadziwika ndi lalanje lokhala ndi mawanga ofiira, omwe amafotokozedwa bwino ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Tsopano mukudziwa kusamalira ndi kusamalira njoka ya chimanga kunyumba. Tiyeni tiwone kumene amakhala.
Njoka ya chimanga imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Njoka ya chimanga m'chilengedwe
Njoka ya chimanga imawerengedwa kuti ndi mbadwa ku North America. Iye, ndithudi, adakhazikika kumeneko, kufalikira kontrakitala yonse. Njokayi imapezeka kwambiri kumadera akum'mawa ndi kumwera chapakati ku North America. Zokwawa izi zimakhalanso kumpoto kwa Mexico.
Nyamayi imakonda madera osiyanasiyana, imakonda nkhalango zowirira. Njokayi imakhazikikanso m'miyala, yomwe imakhala malo obisalirako komanso obisalapo. Njokayo sidutsa mbali ndi minda, madambo okutidwa ndiudzu wobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri njokayo ili moyandikana ndi malo okhala anthu, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nkhokwe komanso malo okhala anthu. Anthu ambiri okhala ndi zoterezi amakhala kufupi ndi minda ndi minda m'dera lonse la North America, m'maiko osiyanasiyana a Mexico ndi zilumba za Cayman.
Chosangalatsa: Njokayo ya chimanga idawoneka m'mapiri, ikukwera kutalika kwa pafupifupi makilomita awiri, ngakhale nthawi zambiri siyikhala pamwamba kwambiri.
Kwenikweni, njoka zimakonda moyo wapadziko lapansi, koma zimakhalanso omasuka mumitengo ndi zitsamba, zikuyenda mwanzeru pakati pa nthambi.
Ngati tikulankhula za nyumba yopangira njoka ngati terrarium, ndibwino kuti ikhale yopingasa. Kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera theka la mita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ayenera kukhala 40 cm kapena kupitilira apo. Kupezeka kwa mitundu yonse ya nthambi ndi ziphuphu ndizofunikira kuti chilengedwe chikhale chofanana ndi chilengedwe. Pali kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana pakukonzekera terrarium, komwe sitiganizirako.
Kodi chimanga chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Njoka yaying'ono ya chimanga
Pofuna kusaka, njokayo imatuluka nthawi yamadzulo kapena nthawi yamadzulo, isanakwane. Ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri ausiku, amawona bwino munthawi imeneyi kuposa masana, kotero amatha kuzindikira nyama yomwe akufuna.
Menyu ya njoka imakhala ndi:
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- mbewa;
- buluzi;
- mileme;
- mbalame zazing'ono;
- mazira a mbalame;
- anapiye.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chotupitsa, njokayo imawongoka ngati boa constrictor, imakuzungulirazungulira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yamphamvu yakufinya, kufinya minofu yake yamphamvu. Wodwalayo akamwalira, mgonero umayamba, womwe, monga zokwawa zambiri, umachitika ndikumeza nyama kuchokera pamutu.
Zakudya za njoka yamphongo yomwe imakhala mu terrarium ndi yofanana ndi mbale zingapo za njoka zomwe zimakhala kuthengo. Amakhala ndi mbewa, makoswe ndi nkhuku. Ana ang'onoang'ono njoka amadyetsedwa ndi mbewa zobadwa kumene. Njoka yokhwima iyenera kudyetsedwa sabata iliyonse (kamodzi masiku asanu). Nthawi zambiri, osunga ma terrarium amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chomwe chidakonzedweratu komanso chosowa chomwe chimazizidwa mufiriji. Amachita izi kuti chiweto chawo cha njoka chisakuvulazidwe ndikumeza nyama yamoyo. Zachidziwikire, mbaleyo iyenera kutayidwa usanatumikire.
Nthawi zambiri njoka zomwe zimakhala mndende zimadyetsedwa mavitamini ndi michere yamitundu yonse kuti thupi la reptile likhale lolimba komanso lathanzi. Chofunikira ndikupezeka kwa gwero la madzi akumwa oyera, chifukwa chake amayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Pakukonza moulting, kudyetsa zokwawa siziyenera kutulutsidwa, chifukwa njokayo ndi yovuta kale, ndipo imayenda pang'ono. Ndi bwino kutuluka thukuta patatha masiku atatu kapena anayi mulungu utatha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mukatenga njoka ya chimanga m'manja mwanu mukangomaliza kudyetsa, mumayigwira, ndiye kuti chokwawa chimatha kubweza zomwe idadya, chifukwa chake kuli bwino kusiya njokayo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njoka ya chimanga
Monga tanena kale, njoka ya chimanga imagwira madzulo kapena mkati mwa usiku, kenako imagwira nawo ntchito yosaka. Makamaka, chokwawa ichi chimakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, koma sichimakhala choyipa konse panthambi zamitengo ndi tchire.
Chosangalatsa: Zadziwika kuti njoka zokhwima zikuyamba kukwera mitengo mochulukirachulukira, ndikusintha kukhala moyo wawofuwofu.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo zowopsa kwambiri, njoka zimayamba kugona nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zomwe zimakhala kumwera zimabisala m'mapanga awo nthawi yozizira, koma osagwera makanema ojambula. Othamanga amakonda kutentha mbali zawo padzuwa lotentha, kukwawa kuti atsegule malo a dzuwa. Masana komanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, amayesetsa kuti asatuluke m'zipinda zawo zogona.
Musaiwale kuti njoka ya chimanga ilibe zida zapoizoni, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndiwokongola komanso owononga ndalama, ndichifukwa chake yakhala yotchuka kwambiri kwa akatswiri ambiri a ziweto. Ngati tikulankhula za chikhalidwe cha reptile, ndiye molingana ndi zitsimikiziro za obereketsa omwewo, ndi wamtendere kwambiri, samasiyana mwamakani, ali ndi bata komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Njoka ya chimanga imalumikizana mosavuta ndipo imazolowera munthu, kuyamba kumukhulupirira.
Makhalidwe abwino a othamanga amaphatikizaponso kudzichepetsa. Oyang'anira Terrarium akuti ndizosavuta kusamalira. Eni njokawo akutsimikizira kuti njokayo iyomweyo siyidzakhala yoyamba kuluma ndi kuluma munthu. Gutata ndiyabwino kwa eni ake ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wodziwongolera. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa njoka, ma terrariums ang'onoang'ono ndioyenera othamanga.
Chosangalatsa: Njoka ya chimanga yopanda vuto imawoneka yofanana kwambiri ndi njoka yoopsa komanso yamutu wamkuwa yamkuwa. Popanda kudziwa ma nuances, njoka ndizosavuta kuzisokoneza. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti mutu wa njoka yamakoswe imachepetsa kwambiri, ndipo pamakhala mawanga akuda.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Njoka ya chimanga chofiira
Njoka zimakhwima pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka, koma akazi amakhala okonzeka kubereka pafupi zaka zitatu, chifukwa onenepa (pafupifupi magalamu 300) ndi kutalika (pafupifupi mita). Kutchire, nyengo yaukwati imayamba mu Marichi ndipo imatha mpaka nthawi ya Meyi. Izi zimachitika m'malo omwe njoka zimabisala. Kumene kuli kotentha, masewera aukwati amatha kuchitika chaka chonse.
Njoka za chimanga ndi zokwawa za oviparous, mkaziyo amakhala atakwanitsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka (nthawi zina zochepa), pambuyo pake amayamba njira yovuta yoikira mazira. Zomangamanga zimakhazikika muzitsa zowola, mitengo yakugwa, maenje obisika. Chikhalidwe chachikulu pakukula kwa mazira ndikuti malo okhala ndi chinyontho amakhala ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha kofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, mayi woyembekezera amaikira mazira khumi mpaka khumi ndi asanu. Amakhala ndi chipolopolo choyera komanso mawonekedwe a masilindala, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala kuchokera 4 mpaka 6 cm.
Nthawi yokwanira imakhala miyezi ingapo, pambuyo pake njoka zazing'ono zimabadwa, mitundu yake ndi yopepuka kuposa makolo awo. Pambuyo molt wokhazikika, utoto wowonjezera umawonjezedwa. Moulting akupitilizabe njoka pamoyo wawo wonse, kwa achinyamata zimachitika pafupipafupi, ndipo zitsanzo zokhwima zimachita izi kawiri pachaka.
Zosangalatsa: Njoka za khanda lobadwa kumene zimakhala ndi dzino, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphwanya chigoba cha mazira nthawi yakukhadzula.
Pansi pazinthu zopangira, njoka zamakoswe zimaberekanso bwino, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mwini wa terrarium amapanga zofunikira zonse izi. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti njoka zobadwa kumene zimakana kudya, ndiye kuti muyenera kuzikakamiza kuti zisafe, chifukwa ana ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Njoka za chimanga zimakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 10, ndipo ngakhale zochepa kuthengo. Panali milandu pamene njoka mu terrariums anakhala kwa zaka 18.
Adani achilengedwe a njoka za chimanga
Chithunzi: Njoka ya chimanga
Njoka ya chimanga ilibe poizoni ndipo siyosiyana kukula kwake, chifukwa chake ili ndi adani ambiri kuthengo. Mbalame zambiri zikuluzikulu, zosadya nyama sizinyinyirika kudya njoka yamakoswe, izi ndi mbewa, adokowe, mphamba, mlembi mbalame, ziwombankhanga zomwe zimadya njoka, akabawi. Kuopsa kukuyembekezera zokwawa za chimanga osati kuchokera mlengalenga, nyama zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka zimagwiritsa ntchito njoka ngati zokhwasula-khwasula, pakati pawo pali nkhumba zakutchire, akambuku, agalu, ng'ona, mongoose, uchi. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo amatha kutengeka ndi mitundu yonse ya ziwopsezo ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizidziwa zambiri.
Anthu amathanso kukhala chowopsa kwa chokwawa, chifukwa njokayo imakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba zawo. Munthu amatha kusokoneza njoka yokhotakhota yomwe ili ndi misomali ndi chakumwa chakupha chamkuwa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi akatswiri okhawo omwe amatha kusiyanitsa iwo. Nthawi zambiri, zachiwawa zomwe anthu amachita sizabwino kwa chokwawa, chifukwa, pokhala malo ochulukirapo pazosowa zawo, anthu pang'onopang'ono akuchotsa njoka m'malo omwe amakhala.
Vuto lina kwa njokayo limayambitsidwa ndi mbewa ndi makoswe, omwe amakonda kudya, chifukwa makoswe nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana, komwe zimafanso. Njoka zomwe zimakhazikika mu terrarium nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi thanzi lofooka, ziwerengero zoterezi zimawoneka pafupipafupi. Kufa mu ukapolo popanda chifukwa china kunayamba kuwonedwa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimakwiyitsa kwambiri osunga ma terrarium. Mwina izi ndichifukwa chosasunga malamulo onse oyenera a moyo wabwino wa njoka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Njoka yayikulu ya chimanga
Malo omwe njokayo imagawika ndi yayikulu kwambiri; imakhudza pafupifupi dziko lonse la North America. Ku United States, nyamazi zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Anthu ambiri a njokazi amapezeka pafupi ndi mafamu osiyanasiyana aku North America ndi Mexico.
Zachidziwikire, zochitika za anthu zimakhudza kwambiri oimira nyama zambiri, koma palibe umboni woti kuchuluka kwa njoka yachimayi kwatsika kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha njoka yamakoswe chimakhala chokhazikika, palibe chidziwitso chodumpha kwakuthwa pakuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka.
Kutengera ndi izi zonse, ziyenera kuwonjezedwa kuti njoka ya chimanga kapena njoka yofiira siili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, sizimayambitsa nkhawa iliyonse pakati pa mabungwe azachilengedwe, chifukwa chake siyotetezedwa mwapadera. Mwina zinthu zabwino chonchi za kuchuluka kwa zokwawa zachitika chifukwa chakuti njoka ya chimanga yakhala yotchuka kwambiri ndipo imaberekana bwino ku terrarium, yomwe singasangalale nayo. Tikuyembekezerabe kuti mkhalidwe wokhazikika chonchi mwa anthu zokwawa zodabwitsa izi upitilizabe kupitilira, osakumana ndi ziwopsezo zowonekera kuchokera kunja kwawo.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna ndikulakalaka onse omwe ali ndi cholengedwa chowala chowala ndi chokongolachi, kuti akwaniritse bwino udindo wawo wosamalira njoka, njoka ya chimanga Iwasangalatsa kwa zaka zambiri ndi mitundu yake yolemera komanso yowutsa mudyo komanso ochezeka, amtendere, obweretsa malingaliro ambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 nthawi 20:45
