Wonyamula lupanga (lat. Xiphophorus hellerii) ndi imodzi mwasamba zodziwika bwino komanso zodzichepetsa zaku aquarium. Ma lupanga oyamba adapezeka m'madzi am'madzi mu 1864, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo sanathenso kutchuka.
Kutalika kwakutali kumapeto komaliza mwa amuna, kofanana ndi lupanga, kunamupatsa dzina. Koma osati chifukwa cha ichi amakonda wonyamula lupanga - ndiwodzichepetsa, wokongola, wosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo amaberekana mosavuta.
Omasulira malupanga nthawi zambiri amakhala nsomba zamtendere, zoyenera ma aquariums am'mudzimo. Koma, ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri, ndipo amatha kukhala chete komanso wamanyazi, komanso wozunza anzawo. Makamaka amuna amatha kukhala ankhanza kwa anzawo.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Malupanga (Xiphophorus helleri) ndi mitundu yamadzi am'madzi am'mabanja a Poeciliidae. Kwawo ku Central America kuchokera kumwera kwa Mexico kupita ku Guatemala. X. hellerii wakhala tizilombo tosasangalatsa ngati mtundu womwe udayambitsidwa m'maiko angapo. Idawononga chilengedwe chifukwa chakutha kuchulukana mwachangu kwambiri. Anthu achilengedwe akhazikika kumwera kwa Africa, kuphatikiza Natal, Hawaii, Madagascar, ndi Eastern Transvaal ku South Africa, ndi Lake Otjikoto ku Namibia.
Amakhala m'chilengedwe mosungiramo zosiyanasiyana, zonse ndimadzi othamanga ndi oyimirira. Wonyamula lupanga amakonda mitsinje ndi mitsinje yothamanga kwambiri, komanso amapezeka akasupe ofunda komanso ngalande. Omnivorous, imadyetsa zomera zonse ndi tizinyama tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo ndi ma annelids.
Amakonda malo osaya, ochulukirapo pomwe amadyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, algae ndi detritus.
Kufotokozera
Osoka malupanga amatha kukula kwambiri. Mwamuna wosoka malupanga amakula mpaka kutalika kwathunthu masentimita 14, ndipo wamkazi mpaka 16 masentimita. Koma, nthawi zambiri m'madzi am'madzi, amakhala ochepa, zimadalira mtundu ndi momwe amasamalira. Amakhala mumtendere wa aquarium kwa zaka 3 mpaka 5.
Dzinalo "swordsman" limachokera ku mbali zazitali zazitali zazimuna zamwamuna. Dimorphism yachiwerewere ndiyapakati, chachikazi ndichachikulu kuposa champhongo, koma alibe "lupanga". Maonekedwe akutchire ndi obiriwira ngati azitona, wokhala ndi mzere wofiyira kapena wofiirira wakutsogolo ndi zipsera zakuthambo ndipo nthawi zina zipsepse. Kuswana kwaukapolo kwatulutsa mitundu yambiri yamitundu, nkovuta kutulutsa mtundu umodzi, ngakhale yotchuka kwambiri idzakhala yofiira ndi mchira wakuda.
Ndipo kotero ndi ofiira, obiriwira, akuda, albino, owoneka, achikasu. Kulongosola zonsezi ndi ntchito yovuta.
Koma, aliyense amene adawonapo aquarium amatha kulingalira momwe lupanga limawonekera. Nsombazi ndizofala kwambiri.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Imodzi mwa nsomba zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri oyambira kumadzi. Wopanda ulemu, osati wamkulu kwambiri, kungothetsa banja. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti nsombayi ndiyosavuta kuyisamalira. Amisala ndi olimba ndipo amatha kupulumuka pafupifupi zolakwika zonse zoyambira.
Zoyipa zake ndi monga kukopa amuna ena, makamaka pakati pawo.
Amisala amasungidwa bwino m'madzi okhala ndi zomera zambiri komanso malo osambira aulere. Zomera zoyandama zimapereka kuwala ndi pogona pa mwachangu.
Amalekerera madzi amchere bwino, kotero amatha kusungidwa munthawi yochepa mchere. Nsombazi ndi za viviparous, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimasunga mazira mkati mwa matupi awo ndikuti mwachangu omwe angobadwa kumene amakhala okonzeka moyo wonse.
Opanga malupanga ndi mitundu yogulitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake mutha kuwapeza ku sitolo yogulitsa ziweto.
Akakhala mu aquarium yanu, amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 5.
Kudyetsa
Mutha kuwadyetsa ma flakes, chakudya chamoyo kapena chachisanu, ndi zakudya zina za nsomba zanu zam'madzi. Monga nsomba zonse, malupanga amafunika zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwadyetsa zakudya zamasamba zomwe zili ndi michere yambiri.
Chowonadi ndichakuti m'chilengedwe, zakudya zambiri zamapanga zimapangidwa ndi ndere zochepa komanso zosalimba komanso zonyansa zina. Kumtchire, chakudya chawo chambiri chimaphatikizanso mphutsi za tizilombo, plankton, ndi zamoyo zina.
M'nyanja yamchere, nderezi zitha kukhala zopitilira muyeso, koma nthawi zonse mumatha kugula ziphuphu.
Mutha kupanga ma flakes ngati maziko azakudya, ndi chakudya chamoyo ngati chowonjezera chaumoyo. Chakudya chilichonse chamoyo chimatha kuperekedwa, malupanga ndiwodzichepetsa kwathunthu.
Komabe, akadali achichepere, amafunikira mapuloteni ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zakudya zamoyo kapena zowuma monga ma bloodworms, daphnia ndi brine shrimp ndizofunikira zowonjezera pazakudya.
Dyetsani malupanga anu kawiri patsiku. Sakusowa chakudya chambiri, zomwe amangodya mphindi zochepa. Chotsani chakudya chotsalira kuti chisawonongeke ndi kuipitsa madzi.
Ngati mumamatira ku regimen yanthawi zonse, posachedwa adziwa nthawi yomwe angayembekezere chakudya ndipo azikhala achangu pakudya.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira mu aquarium
Anthu ogwira lupanga ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri. Okonda malupanga ndi zolengedwa zolimba, koma amafunika kusungidwa m'malo omwe amafanana ndi malo omwe amakhala opanda mchere. M'sungidwe wokhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 35, mutha kusunga lupanga limodzi, koma iyi ndi nsomba yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo ikukula voliyumu yake, ndiyabwino.
Kumbukirani kuti pakuswana muyenera kukhala wamwamuna mmodzi ndi wamkazi 2-3, koma ngati pali wamwamuna m'modzi ndi wamkazi m'modzi, wamwamunayo amatha kumuthamangitsa kuti afe.
Ndipo yesetsani kuti musagule amuna angapo mu aquarium imodzi, popeza anthu okhala ndi malupanga ali ndiudindo wolamulira. Mwamuna wamkulu nthawi zonse amathamangitsa ena onse, ndipo izi ndikumenyana, kuvulala, kusokonezeka.
Osintha malupanga ndiwodzichepetsa pakakhala kutentha ndipo amatha kukhala pa 18 ° C mpaka 28 ° C. Zabwino zingakhale 23-25 ° C.
Magawo monga kuuma ndi pH siofunika kwambiri kwa iwo, koma amamva bwino m'madzi owuma komanso pa pH 6.8-7.8.
Ndikofunika kuti muzisungunuka mu aquarium; Zosefera zamkati ndizokwanira. Kusintha kwamadzi kofunikira, pafupifupi 20% sabata iliyonse.
Koma kumbukirani kuti kuwonjezera pa izi, wosuta malupayo amasambira mwachangu kwambiri, amathanso kudumpha bwino. Madziwo akuyenera kuphimbidwa, apo ayi mutha kuyika mtembo wouma.
Momwe mungakongoletsere aquarium - malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda.
Chokhacho, ndikofunika kuti zibzalidwe kwambiri ndi zomera, popeza malupanga amakonda ma aquariums otere, ndipo ndikosavuta kubisala tchire chifukwa cha nkhanza za amuna.
Gawo lapansi sililibe kanthu, chifukwa malupanga nthawi zambiri samayesetsa kutsikira pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito magawo amchenga ngati mukufuna kutulutsa malo awo momwe mungathere.
Zomera ndizofunikira zowonjezerapo chifukwa nsombazi zimayenera kubisala zikavutika. Aikeni ponseponse mu thanki, koma onetsetsani kuti mwasiya malo ambiri osambira.
Ngakhale
Amuna achikulire amatha kuukira nsomba zina, koma zimatengera munthuyo. Ena amakhala mwamtendere, ndipo ena amakhala achiwawa.
Kuponderezana kumalimbikitsidwa ndi malo okhala m'madzi ochepa omwe alibe zomera. Zomwe simuyenera kuchita ndikutsimikizira amuna awiri kapena kupitilira apo mu thanki imodzi. Izi zimabweretsa ndewu zotsimikizika. Amuna nthawi zambiri amawonetsana, choncho wamwamuna m'modzi yekha ndiye amasungidwa m'matangi ang'onoang'ono.
Thanki yokulirapo imatha kukhala ndi amuna ochulukirapo - onetsetsani kuti chiwerengerocho ndi chachimuna chimodzi kapena chachikazi chimodzi.
Amagwirizana ndi ndani? Ndi viviparous: guppies, platies, mollies. Amagwirizana bwino ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana zobala: zikopa, gourami, neon, utawaleza.
Koma ndi nsomba zagolide ndibwino kuti musasunge ...
Golide amafuna madzi ozizira, ndipo malupanga ndi oyandikana nawo osakhazikika. Opanga lupanga amatha kuchita manyazi ngati atasungidwa limodzi ndi nsomba zankhanza, amabisala pakati pazomera ndi zokongoletsa.
Muyenera kupewa mitundu yankhanza yomwe ingayambire ndi kuvulaza ma lupanga anu. Izi siziphatikiza ma cichlid ambiri monga ma cichlids owala kapena amizere yakuda.
Amisala samakonda kucheza, koma amakhala ochezeka ndipo amakonda kukhala pagulu lamtundu wawo.
Kusiyana kogonana
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi womangira lupanga. Ndi yamphongo yokhayo yomwe ili ndi lupanga kumapeto kwa mchira, kutalika kwakutali komwe nsomba imadziwika nayo.
Komanso, mu viviparous yonse, chimbudzi champhongo chachimuna chiloza komanso chopapatiza (gonopodia), ndipo chachikazi ndichachikulu.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mkazi wonyamula lupanga mwadzidzidzi amakula lupanga ndikukhala wamwamuna! Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala ngati wamwamuna, amasamalira akazi ena, koma ndi wosabala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa izi sizikumveka bwino.
Kuswana amisili
Opanga malupanga ndi nsomba za viviparous, ndiye kuti mwachangu samawoneka ngati dzira, koma opangidwa mokwanira. Mwamuna amatengera mazira mkati mwa thupi la mkazi, ndipo amawatenga mpaka atakhwima.
Nthawi zambiri nthawi imeneyi imakhala masiku 28-30. Kwenikweni, kuswana malupanga kunyumba sikophweka, koma koyambira.
Wamphongo wachangu nthawi zonse amakhala wokangalika ndikusaka wamkazi, kwenikweni, zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikumukankhira kutali nthawi zonse.
Monga ma viviparous ena (guppies, mollies), ndikosavuta kutulutsa mwachangu kuchokera kumpeni.
Mkazi amatha kubala mwachangu wopanda wamwamuna, chowonadi ndichakuti amatha kusunga mkaka wamwamuna m'malo owundana ndikudziphatikiza nawo ...
Chifukwa chake ngati mwadzidzidzi mkazi wanu adabereka mwachangu, koma wamwamuna kulibe mu aquarium, ndiye zomwe zidachitika.
Osoka malupanga amafulumira kuswana ndipo nthawi zina chinthu chokha chomwe mungachite ndikukweza kutentha mu aquarium kufika 25-27C.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mlingo wa ammonia ndi nitrate uyenera kukhala wotsika momwe zingathere, ndipo pH ndi 6.8-7.8.
Mkazi atakhuta, yang'anani malo amdima pafupi ndi anus yake. Kukada, ndipo mkazi amachira kwambiri, ndiye nthawi yobereka ili pafupi.
Malo amdima awa ndimaso a mwachangu wopangidwa womwe umawala mthupi lake lonse.
Mutha kumusiya wamkazi mu aquarium, koma mwachangu sipulumuka pang'ono, chifukwa malupanga ena amadya mwachangu.
Ngati mukufuna kuti ambiri azisamba kuti azikhala ndi moyo, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kumuika mkazi.
Mulimonse momwe mungasankhire, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pali tchire lochuluka kwambiri mu aquarium. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kubadwa kwa malupanga achikazi kumachitika bwino munkhalango zoterezi.
Swordfish mwachangu ndi yayikulu, yogwira komanso yanjala. Momwe mungadyetsere mwachangu ma lupanga? Mutha kudyetsa ndi dzira yolk, finely grated flakes ndi brine shrimp nauplii. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera spirulina kapena mbewu monga chimanga ndi zakudya.
Kuphatikiza kwa spirulina + chakudya chamoyo ndipo mwachangu kwanu kumakula mwachangu komanso kowala.
