Akangaude samalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kumvera chisoni: ngakhale kuwona kangaude wamkati wosavulaza, kukwawa mwamtendere mu bizinesi yake osakhumudwitsa aliyense, kumatha kubweretsa mantha mwa iwo. Ndipo iwo omwe sangachite mantha akawona kangaude wamkulu komanso wowopsa wa tarantula, makamaka, ndi ochepa. Komabe, sikutheka kuvomereza kuti akangaude ndi nyama zosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndipo, ngati mungayang'ane bwino, ndiye kuti pakati pawo mutha kupeza zolengedwa zokongola kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa akangaude
Akangaude amawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa arachnids. Mitundu yambiri yamatendawa ndi yodya nyama, kudya tizilombo, komanso njoka zazing'ono, mbalame zapakatikati ndi nyama zina zazing'ono.
Maonekedwe
Thupi la akangaude limakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri - cephalothorax ndi pamimba, komanso kukula ndi mawonekedwe azomwezo mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyamayi ndizosiyana. Pa cephalothorax pali miyendo 8, miyendo iwiri yofupikitsidwa, yomwe amafunikira kuti aberekane, ndi zida zam'kamwa zokhala ndi nsagwada ziwiri, zotchedwa chelicera mwasayansi.
Pamimba pamakhala zilumikizo za kangaude, zopangira ulusi womwe umapita kukamanga nkhwangwa ndi mabowo opumira.
Chelicerae imawoneka ngati zikhadabo ndipo ili pambali pakamwa. Kukula kwawo ndikocheperako kuposa kutalika kwa miyendo ndi miyendo. Kudzera mwa iwo kuti kupezeka kwa poyizoni komwe kumapangidwa m'matenda owopsa kumachitika.
Kutengera mitunduyo, akangaude amatha kukhala ndi maso osiyana: kuyambira 2 mpaka 12. Nthawi yomweyo, imodzi mwa awiriawiri, yokhala ndi minofu, ili kutsogolo. Nyamayo imatha kuyendetsa maso awa, omwe amalola kuti iwonjezere kwambiri mawonekedwe owonera.
Maso ena onse, ngati alipo, atha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana: kutsogolo, pamwamba, kapena mbali za cephalothorax. Maso otere nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chowonjezera, ndipo ngati amapezeka pakati kutsidya la cephalothorax - parietal.
Cephalothorax m'mitundu ina imafanana ndi kondomu, pomwe ina imakhala ngati chibonga. Mimba imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: kuzungulira, kuzungulira, ngakhale kutalika kwambiri, pafupifupi ngati nyongolotsi. Mimba ikhoza kukhala ndi ziwonetsero zazing'ono kapena njira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Mu akangaude a suborder of articular mimba, mimba imawoneka ngati yopangidwa ndi magawo asanu. Mu mitundu ina ya suborder ya akangaude enieni, malingaliro a magawo a m'mimba adasungidwanso, koma ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi achikale kwambiri.
Mutu ndi mimba zimalumikizidwa ndi chomwe chimatchedwa phesi, chubu chaching'ono komanso chopapatiza kwambiri.
Kangaude amayenda mothandizidwa ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu yoyenda, iliyonse ili ndi zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri zolumikizana ndi claw yomwe imatha - yosalala kapena yosalala.
Kukula kwa nyama izi kumasiyanasiyana: mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa ochepa kwambiri mwa omwe akuimira malamulowo ndi 0,37 mm, ndipo kangaude wamkulu kwambiri wa tarantula amafika mpaka 9 cm, komanso kutalika kwa mwendo - mpaka 25 cm.
Mitundu yamitundu yambiri imakhala yofiirira, yochepetsedwa ndi mawanga oyera kapena mitundu ina. Izi ndichifukwa choti, mosiyana ndi nyama zina zambiri, akangaude ali ndi mitundu itatu yokha yamitundu: zowoneka, bile (yomwe imatchedwanso ma bilins) ndi guanines, ngakhale pakhoza kukhala mitundu ina yomwe sinapezeke ndi asayansi.
Mapilitsi amapatsa nyamazi mtundu wa bulauni wonyezimira mosiyanasiyana komanso machulukitsidwe, ndipo ma guanines ndi omwe amakhala ndi zoyera zoyera kapena zasiliva. Ponena za mitundu yakuda, imayamba kuwoneka chifukwa chobwezeretsa kapena kufalitsa kuwala. Ndi kwa iye kuti akangaude a mitundu yowala, monga, mwachitsanzo, nkhanga, ali ndi ngongole ya mitundu yawo.
Thupi la kangaude, kutengera mtundu wake, limatha kukhala losalala kapena lokutidwa ndi ma bristles angapo, omwe mwa ena mwa nyamazi amawoneka ngati ubweya wawufupi, wokutira.
Zofunika! Anthu ambiri amaganiza molakwika za akangaude ngati tizilombo, koma sizili choncho. Akangaude ndi gulu la arachnids a mtundu wa nyamakazi. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kuchokera ku tizilombo ndikupezeka kwa miyendo isanu ndi umodzi, koma eyiti.
Moyo wa kangaude
Pafupifupi akangaude onse, kupatula mtundu umodzi, ndiwozirombo ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mitundu yawo yonse imagawanika kukhala pansi, osathamangira nyama zawo, koma, atapachika ukonde, amawadikirira bwino kuti abisalire, ndi osochera, omwe samanga ukonde, ndipo kufunafuna nyamayo kumatha kuyenda mtunda wawutali kwa iwo.
Iwo samawona bwino: kokha mu kulumpha kwa akangaude, chifukwa cha maso omwe ali mozungulira mitu yawo, mawonekedwe owonera ali pafupifupi madigiri 360. Kuphatikiza apo, akavalo amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa zinthu ndipo amatha kuwerengera mtunda woyandikira bwino.
Mitundu yambiri ya akangaude oyendayenda amatsogolera moyo wosaka. Chifukwa chake, akavalo omwewo amatha kudumpha patali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa matupi awo.
Akangaude omwe amaluka maukonde ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito kusaka tizilombo kapena nyama zina zazing'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwira ntchito. Alibe kulumpha koteroko, ndipo amakonda kudikirira nyama yawo, atakhala obisalira, ndipo ikangogwera pa intaneti ndi pomwe amathawirako.
Mitundu yambiri ya akangaude siyamakani: siyimagunda mawebusayiti kapena zisa za nyama zina ndi anthu omwe amadutsa, koma imatha kuwukira ikasokonezedwa.
Zambiri mwa nyamazi zimakhala zokhazokha. Komabe, nthumwi za mitundu ina zimatha kupanga magulu azikhalidwe zazikulu, omwe amatha kuphatikiza anthu masauzande angapo. Zikuoneka kuti magulu a akangaudewa ndi mabanja akuluakulu, opangidwa chifukwa choti akangaude achichepere, pazifukwa zina amangowadziwa, amakhala pafupi ndi chisa chawo ndikuyamba kupachika maukonde awo pafupi ndi amayi awo. Zachidziwikire, akangaude ndi nyama zochepa kuposa, mwachitsanzo, nyerere kapena njuchi. Koma amathanso kuchitira zinthu limodzi, mwachitsanzo, kumenya limodzi nyama yayikulu, yomwe munthu sangathe kugonjetsa. Komanso, nzika zangaudezi zimatha kusamalira ana.
Komabe, pakati pawo pali omwe angatchedwe ma drones: samasaka pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a coloni, koma akagawira nyamayo, amatha kuwonekera kutsogolo. Anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakusaka samatsutsa machitidwe otere ndipo mosakayikira amagawana nawo nyama zawo, ndikuwapatsa zidutswa zabwino kwambiri.
Asayansi sakudziwabe kuti ndichifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kangaude: chifukwa sichimakonda kugawana nyama zawo ndi aliyense. Mwachiwonekere, "opusa" awa ali ndi zawo, mosakayikira, zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa gulu lonselo.
Akangaude amakula mosalekeza, koma chifukwa choti thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi khungu lolimba kwambiri, amatha kumera mpaka kukula kwawo kutayimitsidwa ndi nyanjayi. Chinyama chikangokula kukula ngati membo ya chitinous, chimayamba kusungunuka. Pamaso pake, kangaude amasiya kudya ndipo amathamangira kukabisala m'malo obisalamo kuti pasamakhale aliyense amene angamusokoneze kwinaku akutulutsa "khungu" lake lakale ndikupeza lina. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe ake amasintha pang'ono: miyendo imakhala ndi mdima wakuda, ndipo mimba imawoneka kuti ikubwerera mmbuyo, kuti phesi lolumikizana ndi cephalothorax limveke bwino.
Pa gawo loyambirira la molting, hemolymph imaponyedwa kumtunda kwa thupi, chifukwa chake kulemera kwake kumawirikiza, komanso kukakamizidwa kwa chitinous exoskeleton sikufikira 200 mbar. Chifukwa cha ichi, chikuwoneka ngati chitambasulidwa pang'ono, ndichifukwa chake makwinya amawonekera pamimba kangaude. Kenako chivundikiro cha chitinous chimaphulika kuchokera mumbali ndipo pamimba ndiye woyamba kutulutsidwa pansi pake. Pambuyo pake, kangaude amatulutsa cephalothorax ndipo, pamapeto pake, miyendo kuchokera ku chipolopolo chakale.
Ndipo apa pali ngozi yayikulu yomwe ikumuyembekezera: chiwopsezo cholephera kudzimasula ku "khungu" lakale. Zimachitika kuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa hemolymph, ma edema amiyendo amapezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kuwatulutsa mu nembanemba yakale ya chitinous. Ziphuphu pamiyendo, zopezeka m'mitundu yambiri ya akangaude, amathanso kusokoneza gawo lomaliza la kusungunuka. Zikatero, chinyama chidzafa. Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti kangaude atatulutsa miyendo yake kuchokera pachikale chakale, pamapeto pake, mothandizidwa ndi pakamwa ndikutulutsa chelicera, amawatsuka ndi matope amiyendo ndi zotsalira za chipolopolo chakale.
Njira yosungunuka yokha, kutengera mtundu ndi kukula kwa nyama, imatenga mphindi 10 mpaka maola angapo. Kwa kanthawi kangaudeyu amakhala pamalo obisalapo, chifukwa chigoba chatsopanocho chimakhala chofewa kwambiri ndipo sichingakhale chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani. Koma atangomira pang'ono, kangaudeyo amachoka pamalowo ndikubwerera kumoyo wakale.
Kodi akangaude amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Nthawi yamoyo yamitundu yambiri siyidutsa chaka chimodzi. Komabe, akangaude a tarantula amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 8-9. Ndipo m'modzi wa iwo, wokhala mu ukapolo ku Mexico, adalemba mbiri yake ali ndi zaka 26. Malinga ndi zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe, ma tarantula amatha kukhala zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Mu mitundu yambiri, imanenedwa mwamphamvu. Amuna, monga lamulo, ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi, ndipo, nthawi zina, kukula kwa kukula ndikofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti oimira amuna kapena akazi osiyanasiyana amatha kulakwitsa chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma akangaude a siliva omwe amakhala pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amuna akulu kuposa akazi. Ndipo m'mahatchi ambiri, amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana amakhala ofanana kukula kwake.
Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amakhala amiyendo yayitali, zomwe sizosadabwitsa: ndiponsotu, ndi omwe akufuna akazi, osati mosemphanitsa, chifukwa chake amangofunikira njira zoyenda mwachangu, zomwe ndi miyendo yawo yolumikizidwa.
Zosangalatsa! Kangaude wamphongo yemwe amakhala kum'mawa kwa Australia ndi Tasmania ali ndi thupi lojambulidwa mumtambo wowala wabuluu, wofiira, wobiriwira komanso wachikaso, pomwe akangaude awo amawoneka ochepera kwambiri.
Kangaude kangaude
Ndi chinsinsi chomwe chimakhazikika mumlengalenga, chomwe chimabisika ndi tiziwalo tangaude tomwe tili kumapeto kwa mimba ya akangaude. Mankhwalawa amafanana ndi silika wachilengedwe.
Mkati mwa thupi lanyama, intaneti ili ndi mapuloteni amadzimadzi omwe amapangidwa ndi amino acid monga glycine kapena alanine. Poonekera pakati pa timachubu tambirimbiri tating'onoting'ono, timadzi timeneti tomwe timakhala m'mlengalenga timalimba ngati ulusi. Tsambali ndilofanana ndi mphamvu ya nayiloni, koma zingakhale zovuta kufinya kapena kutambasula. Tsambali lilinso ndi zingwe zamkati. Mutha kusinthitsa chinthu choyimitsidwa pamenepo mozungulira, koma ulusi sungapote konse.
M'nyengo yoswana, anyani amtundu wina wamtundu amatulutsa ukonde wokhala ndi ma pheromones. Kutengera izi, asayansi adazindikira kuti cholinga choyambirira cha intaneti sichinali kugwiritsa ntchito kusaka, koma kukopa akazi ndikupanga dzira.
Oimira ambiri a suborder iyi, okhala m'mabowo, amadzaza makhoma amkati aminyumba yawo ndi ndodo.
Zosangalatsa! Akangaude a Orb-web amapanga ma dummies awo kuti asocheretse nyama yomwe ingakhale. Kuti achite izi, amadzipangira okha mawonekedwe awo, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi nthambi zomangirizidwa ndi intaneti.
Akangaude a siliva omwe amakhala m'malo osungira amamanga malo okhala pansi pamadzi kuchokera kumitembo, yotchedwa "mabelu". Koma ma tarantula amafunikira ukonde kuti nyamayo ikhale pamalo oterera.
Komabe, mitundu yambiri imagwiritsabe ntchito ma cobwebu kuti apange maukonde otchera. Akangaude apansi, amawoneka osavuta komanso osadzikweza. Zokwera kwambiri, komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kapangidwe kake: pamodzi ndi ulusi wolimba wozungulira, palinso kuzungulira koyenda kofewa osati kolimba kapena kolimba.
Ndipo mu ukonde wa mitundu ina ya araneomorphic, ulusi umalukidwa, ndikupanga, kuphatikiza ndi ulusi wa intaneti womwewo, mawonekedwe amtundu wa mitanda, zigzags kapena spirals.
Mitundu yambiri ya akangaude imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwachitetezo ndipo imateteza kwambiri tsamba lawo kuti lisakhudzidwe ndi mitundu yachilendo ya mitundu yawo. Koma kuphatikiza pa izi, pakati pa mitundu yazinyama izi, pali maukonde omwe amakonda kutchera zopangidwa ndi nthiti, omwe amafalikira pamtunda wa mamitala makumi khumi.
Anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati othandizira kuchiritsa, komanso, adapanga zovala kuchokera pamenepo.
Masiku ano, ukonde wa kangaude umalimbikitsanso akatswiri amakono omwe amapanga zida zatsopano ndi zina.
Njoka ya kangaude
Malinga ndi zomwe zimakhudza thupi, ziphe zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi akangaude zimagawika m'magulu awiri akulu:
- Neurotoxic. Amapezeka akangaude ochokera kubanja la mithunzi - karakurt ndi akazi amasiye akuda. Poizoni ameneyu amakhudza dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje. Ululu ukangoluma ndi wochepa, wofanana ndi pini. Komano, patadutsa mphindi 10-60, kupweteka kumayamba komanso kupweteka kwambiri, pomwe chizindikiritso chake ndikumangika m'mimba, zomwe zimatha kukayikira zabodza za peritonitis. Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma pang'ono, tachycardia, mutu, chizungulire, bronchospasm, komanso kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumathanso. Kuluma koteroko kumatha kupha chifukwa cha kupuma, kumangidwa kwa mtima kapena impso. Ululu umachepa pakadutsa maola 12 kuchokera pomwe walumidwa, koma umatha kukulirakulira pambuyo pake.
- Zosokoneza. Zimapezeka mumitundu ya banja la sicariid, monga kangaude wamaso asanu ndi limodzi ndi loxosceles. Vutoli limakhala ndi mankhwala otchedwa dermonecrotic omwe nthawi zina amatsogolera pakupanga necrosis mozungulira malo oluma. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pa nkhanambo, nseru, malungo, hemolysis, thrombocystopenia ndi malaise wamba zimatha kuchitika komwe kangaude idaluma. Ngati kuchuluka kwa poizoni yemwe amalowa m'thupi anali ochepa, ndiye kuti necrosis siyingayambe. Koma ngati mlingo wa poizoni unali wofunikira, zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba zam'mimba zam'mimba zim mpaka 25 cm ndi zina zambiri zimatha kuchitika. Kuchiritsa kumachedwetsa, kutalika kwake kumatenga miyezi 3-6, ndipo pambuyo pake, mwalamulo, bala lalikulu lokhumudwa limatsalira.
Zofunika! Njoka ya kangaude imachiritsidwa ndi seramu yapadera, yomwe imayendetsedwa m'maola oyamba kuluma.
Palibe akangaude owopsa m'chilengedwe chonse. Komabe, ambiri a iwo samasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhanza, ndipo nsagwada zawo ndizofooka kwambiri kuti zingalume kudzera pakhungu la munthu. Za akangaude owopsa omwe amapezeka mdera la Russia, tiyenera kudziwa karakurt yekha, yomwe yasankha zigawo zakumwera za dzikolo.
Krestoviki, akangaude ndi oimira ena wamba azinyama zaku Russia samabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chochitira mantha kapena kuwononga kwambiri.
Mitundu ya kangaude
Dongosolo la akangaude limaphatikizapo pafupifupi 46 zikwi zamoyo ndi pafupifupi 1.1 zikwi zakutha. Mulinso magawo awiri akuluakulu:
- Akangaude a Arthropod, omwe amaphatikizapo banja limodzi, lomwe limaphatikizapo mibadwo isanu ndi itatu yamakono ndi ina inatha.
- Suborder Opisthothelae, yomwe imaphatikizapo akangaude a araneomorphic ndi tarantula. Loyamba mwa izi linaphatikizapo mabanja 95 ndi mitundu yoposa 43,000, ndipo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo mabanja 16 ndi mitundu yoposa 2,800.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi akangaude otsatirawa aliwonse amtunduwu:
- Zamoyo. Amagawidwa ku Southeast Asia. Kutalika kwa akazi kumakhala pakati pa 9 mpaka 30 mm; Amuna amtundu uwu, monga akangaude ena ambiri, ndi ocheperako.Monga ma arthropods ena, mimba ya Lifistii ili ndi ziwonetsero zamagawo. Akangaudewa amakhala m'mabowo akuya kwambiri, pomwe kangaude wozungulira amakhala ngati zitseko zawo, zomwe amaziphimba mwaluso ndi moss kapena nthaka. Lifistii ndiusiku: amakhala masiku m'manda, ndipo usiku, pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wazizindikiro, amasaka nyama zina zopanda mafupa, monga mapira kapena tizilombo.
- Malatus volans. Mitundu ya banja la akangaude omwe amakhala ku Australia. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha utoto wowala bwino wam'mimba, komanso pamiyambo yachilendo yaubwenzi, pomwe amuna (makamaka, okhawo ali ndi utoto wowala, pomwe akazi amajambulidwa ndi mithunzi yofiirira) akuwoneka akuvina pamaso pa akazi. Koma iwo, ngati sakonda njondayo, osazengereza, atha kumugwira ndikumudya.
- Goliati wodya mbalame. Kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Wokhalayo ku South America amakhala m'mabowo atakulungidwa ndi ziphuphu kuchokera mkati. Kutalika kwa akazi a mitundu iyi kumafika masentimita 10, ndipo amuna - masentimita 8.5. Kutalika kwa mwendo kumafikira masentimita 28. Cephalothorax ndi pamimba ndizokulungika komanso pafupifupi kukula kwake, mtundu wa kangaude uwu siowala kwambiri - bulauni. Kukula kwakukulu kwa kangaudeyu kumapangitsa chidwi cha akangaude. Koma kuletsa kutumizidwa kwa kangaude wa goliath kuchokera komwe amakhala ndikukhala kovuta kupeza ana kuchokera ku ukapolo, kumapangitsa kukhala kosowa kwambiri ngati chiweto.
Ku Australia, komanso ku Florida ndi California, kangaude wina wodabwitsa amakhala - ukonde waminga. Amadzitcha choncho chifukwa chakuti pamimba pake mosalala, yowala kwambiri ili ndi mitsempha isanu ndi umodzi yayikulu kwambiri, yofanana ndi kunyezimira kwa nyenyezi. Mtundu wa nyama iyi ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: yoyera, yachikaso, yofiira kapena yalanje, ndipo kukula kwa intaneti kuchokera pa intaneti kumatha kufikira 30 cm m'mimba mwake.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nyamazi zimapezeka paliponse, kupatula Antarctica ndi madera ena okutidwa ndi ayezi chaka chonse. Alibenso kuzilumba zakutali, komwe samatha kufikira. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala mdera la equator komanso kotentha, makamaka nkhalango zam'madera otentha.
Amakhazikika m'mabowo pansi pa nthaka, ming'alu ya mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, munthawi ya nthambi ndi masamba. Amatha kukhala m'ming'alu iliyonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pamiyala. Mitundu yambiri ya akangaude yasankha anthu kukhala malo awo okhala, komwe amakhala omasuka.
Mwa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yapadziko lapansi, ndi kangaude wa siliva ndi akangaude ena omwe amasaka pamwamba pamadzi omwe asankha gawo lamadzi ngati malo awo okhala.
Zakudya za kangaude
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka tizilombo, timapanga zakudya zambiri. Ndi tizilomboto tomwe timakonda kwambiri kuwuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri timagwidwa.
Mwambiri, "menyu" zimatengera nyengo ndi dera lokhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, akangaude omwe amakhala mumabowo mobisa nthawi zambiri amadya kachilomboka ndi orthoptera. Koma nthawi yomweyo, samakana nyongolotsi kapena nkhono. Ena mwa odyetsawa sachita manyazi kudya mtundu wawo wokha: zimachitika kuti amadya akangaude amitundu ina, pomwe akangaude okhala ndi siliva omwe amakhala m'madzi amasaka tizilombo ta m'madzi ndi mphutsi zawo, mwachangu ndi tadpoles.
Koma zakudya za tarantula ndizosiyana kwambiri, zimaphatikizapo:
- Mbalame zazing'ono.
- Makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
- Ma Arachnids.
- Tizilombo.
- Nsomba.
- Amphibians.
- Njoka zazing'ono.
Nsagwada sizikhala ndi mano, ndipo dongosolo lakugaya silinapangidwe kuti lizigaya chakudya chotafuna. Ndicho chifukwa chake nyama izi zimakhala ndi zakudya zapadera, zam'mimba.
Pambuyo pakupha munthuyo ndi poizoni, kangaudeyu amalowetsa madzi am'mimba mthupi lake, kuti apangire matumbo am'mimba. Chakudya chamtsogolo chikayamba kuyambika, chilombocho chimayamba kuyiyamwa, ndikuwonjezera gawo la madzi am'mimba momwe zingafunikire. Chifukwa chakuti njirayi imatenga nthawi yambiri, chakudya cha kangaude nthawi zambiri chimakhala masiku angapo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akangaude amaberekana, pomwe umuna umakhala wamkati, koma wosalunjika.
Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi miyambo yokondana m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma ina mwa iyo siyikonzekeretsa yaikazi: imangokwatirana popanda mwambo wambiri.
Mitundu ina, ma pheromones azimayi amatenga mbali yofunikira pakukopa mnzake. Ndikumva kununkhira komwe amuna amapeza anzawo amtsogolo.
Zosangalatsa! Akangaude ena amapereka akazi ndi mphatso yamtundu wina: ntchentche kapena tizilombo tina todzazidwa ndi timitengo, ndipo yamphongo imachita izi osati chifukwa chofuna kusangalatsa dona, koma kupewa imfa m'nsagwada zake.
M'mitundu ina, ndimakonda kuvina pamaso pa mkazi, kuti chidwi cha mnzake chikhale.
Mwambowo ukamalizidwa ndikubereka umuna, akazi a akangaude ena amadya anzawo, koma amuna ambiri amakwanitsabe kupewa tsoka lodyedwa ndi anzawo.
Akangaude amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mazira: kangaude wa udzu, mwachitsanzo, amawaika timagulu tating'onoting'ono pansi, koma mitundu yambiri imapanga zikopa zapadera zomwe zimatha kusunga mazira 3000.
Akangaude amaswa kale, ngakhale amasiyana ndi achikulire. Ana akabadwa, akazi a mitundu ina amawasamalira kwakanthawi. Chifukwa chake, kangaude wa nkhandwe amazinyamulira okha, ndipo zazikazi za mitundu ina zimagawana nyama ndi ana. Nthawi zambiri, akangaude amasamalira ana awo mpaka molt wawo woyamba, pambuyo pake amatha kudzisamalira okha.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, akangaude ali ndi adani ambiri omwe safuna kuwadya. Izi zikuphatikizapo mbalame, komanso zinyama zina: amphibiya ndi zokwawa (mwachitsanzo, salamanders, geckos, iguana), komanso nyama (monga ma hedgehogs kapena mileme). Mitundu ina ya akangaude, monga ma mimetid, amadya kokha akangaude a mitundu ina. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso nyerere siziphonya mwayi wowasaka.
Akuluakulu a mitundu ina ya mavu samadya akangaude okha, koma amawasandutsa mtundu wosungira ana awo.
Amalemetsa omwe amawachita ndikuwatengera kuchisa chawo, komwe amaikira mazira mthupi mwawo. Mphutsi zoswazo zimatsogolera moyo wamatenda, makamaka kudya kangaude kuchokera mkati.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitundu
Ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuti ndi angati angati padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 46 zikwi za mitundu yawo amadziwika. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi otetezeka, koma palinso mitundu ina yomwe ili pachiwopsezo.
Izi ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala m'malo ochepa, monga, mwachitsanzo, phanga la kangaude wa ku Hawaii lomwe limangokhala pachilumba cha Kauai ku Hawaii, chomwe chidapatsidwa mwayi wokhala "Mitundu yomwe ili Pangozi".
Vuto lina lomwe limangokhala pachilumba chosakhalamo cha Deserta Grande, pafupi ndi Madeira, yemwenso ndi ya banja la akangaude akunyumba, ili pafupi kutha: chiwerengero chake ndi pafupifupi anthu 4,000 zikwi.
Imodzi mwa ma tarantula okongola komanso owala kwambiri ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Komanso imapezeka: imapezeka kokha mchigawo cha India cha Andhra Pradesh. Dera laling'ono lomwe la mitunduyi latsika kwambiri chifukwa cha zochitika zachuma za anthu, chifukwa cha zomwe zitha kutha.
Kangaude wamtundu wa "mlenje wosaka mizere", yemwe wafika ponseponse ku Europe, anali ndi mwayi poyerekeza ndi iwo. Komabe, ilinso pansi pa chitetezo ndipo yapatsidwa mtundu wa Vulnerable Species.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Ngakhale kuluma kwa akangaude ena kumatha kubweretsa imfa ya anthu ndi ziweto, kuopsa kwa akangaude nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokokomeza kwambiri. M'malo mwake, ochepa mwa iwo ndiamakani kotero kuti adayamba kuthamangira munthu yemwe akuyenda modekha kapena kuyima pafupi. Mitundu yambiri imangowonetsa nkhanza pokhapokha iwowo kapena ana awo atakhala pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale wamasiye wamtundu wakuda kapena karakurt sangaukire popanda chifukwa: nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi bizinesi yawo kuti asamvere anthu, pokhapokha ngati iwowo ayesa kuwavulaza.
Monga lamulo, ngozi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi akangaude zimachitika munthu akafuna kugwira kangaude kapena, mwachitsanzo, kuwononga ukonde wake, kapena samangokhala tcheru ndipo, posazindikira kangaude wobisalira, mwamwayi amawaphwanya.
Ndikulakwitsa kuganiza kuti popeza akangaude ali ndi poizoni, ndiye kuti ndi nyama zowopsa zomwe zimafunikira kuwonongeka. M'malo mwake, nyama izi zimathandiza kwambiri anthu, zimachepetsa kwambiri tizilombo todwalitsa, kuphatikizapo tomwe timakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ngati akangaude atha, ndiye kuti chilengedwe cha Dziko lapansi chidzawonongedwa, ngati sichingakhale chowopsa, chifukwa palibe chilengedwe chomwe chimakhalapo popanda iwo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu akuyenera kusamala kuti kuchuluka kwa nyama zothandiza izi zisachepe, komanso malo amtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu pakadali pano asachepe.
