Cichlazoma managuana Parachromis managuensis (yemwe kale anali Cichlasoma managuensis) kapena jaguar cichlid ndi nsomba yayikulu, yodya nyama, koma yokongola kwambiri yomwe ndiyabwino kwa okonda cichlid.
Mosiyana ndi ma cichlids ena, Managuana cichlid imangotenga mtundu wowala kwambiri ikakhwima.
Mwachitsanzo, mwa ana mumakhala mikwingwirima yakuda mthupi, ndipo nsomba zazikulu zikuwoneka kale, zomwe amatchedwa jaguar.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Managuan cichlazoma idafotokozedwa koyamba ku Gunther mu 1867. Amakhala ku Central America kuchokera ku Mtsinje wa Ulua ku Honduras mpaka ku Mtsinje wa Matina ku Costa Rica.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zambiri zam'madzi am'madzi otchedwa aquarium, imakula mpaka kukula bwino, ndipo ndi nsomba yogulitsa mdziko lakwawo.
Amakhala m'matumba osiyanasiyana amadzi, kuyambira kunyanja zomwe zili ndi zomera zambiri ndi nthaka yofewa mpaka mitsinje komanso mitsinje.
Pali chizolowezi chopita kumadera okhala ndi madzi ofunda, momwe mumakhala mpweya wambiri wosungunuka m'madzi.
Kufotokozera
Managuan cichlazoma ili ndi thupi lokhalitsa, lopanikizika pambuyo pake komanso lopindika pang'ono, lomwe nthawi yomweyo limapereka nyama yolusa kuti iziponya mwachangu.
Mwachilengedwe, imafikira kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 60 ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu angapo. Mchere wa aquarium ndi wocheperako, amuna pafupifupi 40 cm, ndipo akazi ndi masentimita 35, koma ngakhale kukula kwake kumatilola kuyitcha imodzi mwamaikitidi akulu kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'malo ozungulira anthu okonda kusewera. Amakhala ndi moyo zaka 15, koma mosamala atha kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Ngakhale kuti msinkhu wa nsombayo sukusokoneza kukongola kwake, Managuana amasintha mtundu wake kwa moyo wake wonse. Achinyamata, amuna ndi akazi omwe, ndi ocheperako, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri kuyambira kumbuyo mpaka pakati pa thupi. Koma, akamakula, mikwingwirima ikuluikulu yakuda yamphongo imasanduka mabala, kenako nkuzimiratu.
Zazimayi, komabe, zimatha kukhala ndi mawanga angapo pakati pa thupi, kuyambira kumbuyo kwa operculum.
Mu nsomba zokhwima mwakugonana, utoto umakhala chimodzimodzi momwe amatchulidwira - nyamazi. Uku ndikusintha kwa mawanga akuda ndi oyera, nthawi zina okhala ndi utoto wabuluu.
Ali ndi mano otha kusaka ndi kunyezimira kwakuthwa pamapiko awo kuti atetezedwe kuzilombo zina.
Managuan cichlazoma amadya khansa:
Zovuta pakukhutira
Kusamalira Managuana sikovuta, kupatula chifukwa cha zovuta zamadzi ambiri komanso zosefera zamphamvu kwambiri. Inde, nsomba iyi siyoyambira kumene. Iye ndi wamkulu kwambiri, wamakani, wolusa.
Mwachilengedwe, imatha kufikira masentimita 60, ndipo imatha kulemera ma kilogalamu angapo. Komabe, mu aquarium ndizochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 40 cm.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso chikhalidwe chake, ndibwino kuti muzisunga padera, mu biotope yofanana ndi matupi am'madzi aku Central America, ndipo, pewani kuyisunga ndi nsomba zazing'ono kapena zochepa.
Kudyetsa
Kudyetsa ndizofanana ndi nsomba zonse zomwe zimadyedwa. Mwachilengedwe, imadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono ndi zopanda mafupa.
Mchere wa m'nyanja yamchere uli ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse: nsomba, crickets, mavuvi, ma tadpoles.
Ngakhale amakonda chakudya chamoyo, amathanso kudya nsomba, nyama ya shrimp, krill ndi zakudya zina zofananira. Muyenera kudyetsa kamodzi patsiku, mutha kupuma kamodzi pa sabata.
Dziwani kuti akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuti nthawi zambiri mumadyetsa nyama. Chakudya monga mtima wa ng'ombe chimakhala ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe m'mimba mwa jaguar cichlids satha kukumba.
Mutha kuwonjezera zakudyazi nthawi ndi nthawi, kamodzi pa sabata, koma nthawi zonse mosapitirira malire, osamwetsa mopitirira muyeso.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Pazisomba zazikuluzi, pamafunikanso aquarium yayikulu, osachepera 450 malita. Izi ndi nsomba zankhanza kwambiri, ndipo kuti achepetse chidwi amafuna malo awoawo, omwe nsomba zina sizingasambire.
Zokongoletserazo zimafuna miyala yayikulu, matabwa oyenda, ndi miyala yolimba ngati dothi. Palibe chifukwa chomera, mizukwa iyi idzawawononga mwachangu komanso mopanda chifundo.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'madzi amatope, nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima, kotero mutha kuwonjezera masamba owuma, monga thundu kapena masamba a amondi, ku aquarium.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mumadzi oyera muli aquarium, popeza panthawi yodyetsa komanso moyo, cichlid ya ku Managuan imasiya zinyalala zambiri.
Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu, ndikusintha madzi ena nthawi zonse.
Ngakhale amatha kukhala m'madzi osiyana siyana komanso okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amadzi, abwino adzakhala: ph: 7.0-8.7, 10-15 dGH komanso kutentha kwa 24-28 C.
Akatswiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi adazindikira kuti kukatentha kwambiri, Amanaguan amayamba kukwiya kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti muzisunga kumapeto, madigiri 24 kuti muchepetse kupsa mtima.
Ngakhale
Zachidziwikire osati nsomba zam'madzi ambiri. Ndi nsomba zodya nyama, zam'madera ena, zankhanza zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri nthawi yobereka.
Amasungidwa bwino ndi ma cichlids ena aku Central America, kapena ndi nsomba zazikulu zazikulu - zofiira, pangasius, clarius. Giant gourami ndi pacu yakuda ndiyonso yoyenera.
Ngati mukufuna kukazinga kuchokera kwa iwo, ndibwino kuti musasunge nsomba zam'madzi monga plekostomus, chifukwa usiku amadya caviar ya Managuan. Mwambiri, akafuna kubala, ndibwino kuti pasakhale nsomba zina mu aquarium.
Mutha kusunga nsomba imodzi kapena zingapo. Amawukira nsomba za mitundu yawo, pokhapokha atakulira awiriawiri m'moyo wawo wonse. Ngakhale mutawonjezera chachikazi chosadziwika kwa champhongo, amatha kumumenya mwachangu, makamaka ngati ali wamkulu kuposa iye.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna ndi akulu ndipo amakhala ndi mawanga akuda kwambiri akadali achichepere. Mwamuna akakhwima, mawanga sakhala konse, ndipo mkazi amatha kusunga angapo.
Komanso yamphongo ndi yayikulupo, yamphongo yakuthwa ndi yakumaso yowongoka kwambiri ndipo imakhala yowala kwambiri.
Kuswana
Cichlazoma ya ku Managu yakhala ikuleredwa m'nyanja yamadzi kwazaka zambiri. Amapanga banja lokhazikika ndipo ndi makolo abwino kwa ana awo. Komabe, kuti apange awiriwa, mwachangu ayenera kukulira limodzi kuti asankhe wokwatirana naye.
Chowonadi ndichakuti kuyesa kubzala mkazi wachikulire wamwamuna nthawi zambiri kumatha ndi kuvulala kapena kumwalira kwazimayi. Mwamuna ndi wamakani kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale awiri omwe apangidwa kale ndibwino kuti azikhala m'nyanja yayikulu, mkaziyo anali ndi malo obisalapo.
Nthawi yakubereka ikafika, yamphongo imayamba kukondana ndi yaikazi ndikukumba nthaka kuseri kwa thanthwe lalikulu.
Chisa chikakonzeka, ndipo tsiku lobereka likuyandikira, yamphongo imayamba kuchitira nkhanza oyandikana nawo, ndipo imathanso kukuwombera dzanja lanu mukamagwira ntchito m'nyanja.
Polimbikitsa kubereka, banjali liyenera kudyetsedwa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri madzi amasinthidwa kawiri pa sabata; kukweza kutentha mpaka 28 ° C kumathandizanso.
Pakatenthedwe kameneka, mazira osungunulidwa adzaswa maola 72, kuwonjezera apo, izi zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wakuukira kwa caviar ndi bowa.
Mkazi amasamalira mazira nthawi zonse, kuchotsa zinyalala ndi nkhono. Pambuyo pothyira mwachangu, imadya zomwe zili mu yolk sac, ndipo itatha masiku 3-4 yokha itha kudyetsedwa.
Chakudya choyambira chimatha kukhala chakudya chamadzi mwachangu, dzira yolk. Kukula mwachangu, amasamutsidwa ku brine shrimp nauplii.
