Citron kapena mandimu cichlazoma (Latin Amphilophus citrinellus, yemwe kale anali Cichlasoma citrinellum) ndi nsomba yayikulu, yokoka maso, yabwino kwambiri ku chiwonetsero cha aquarium.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndi citron cichlazoma yomwe idakhala maziko a chilengedwe cha mitundu yatsopano, yapadera ya nsomba - nyanga yamaluwa.
Citron cichlazoma nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi ina, mitundu yofanana kwambiri - cichlazoma labiatus (Amphilophus labiatus). Ndipo m'malo ena, amawerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba imodzi. Ngakhale kunja kwake sikosiyana kwambiri, amasiyana chibadwa.
Mwachitsanzo, mandimu cichlazoma ndi ocheperako pang'ono ndipo amafika pa 25 - 35 cm, ndipo labiatum ndi masentimita 28. Malo awo amakhalanso osiyana, citron amakhala ku Costa Rica ndi Nicaragua, ndipo labiatum amakhala m'madzi okhaokha ku Nicaragua.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zosinthira izi ndikuti kuchuluka kwa mandimu cichlazoma m'chilengedwe kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo kufunika kwake ndikokwera ndipo ogulitsa adayamba kugulitsa nsomba zina mobisa, makamaka popeza ndizofanana.
Chifukwa chake, zonse zasokonezeka, ndipo nsomba zambiri zomwe zikugulitsidwa pansi pa mayina amodzi ndizosakanikirana pakati pa citron cichlazoma ndi labiatum.
Citron cichlazoma ndiyodzichepetsa, koma imafuna malo okhala ndi madzi ambiri. Ndi nsomba yodekha poyerekeza ndi ma cichlids ena aku South America, koma imakhala yamakani ngati isungidwa mumchere wambiri.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'chilengedwe amateteza gawo lomwe akukhalamo, ndipo amakwiya kwambiri nthawi yobereka.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Citron cichlazoma idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Gunther mu 1864. Amakhala ku Central America: munyanja za Costa Rica ndi Nicaragua. Awa ndi nyanja za Aroyo, Masaya, Nicaragua, Managua, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mumitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Amakonda madzi osayenda ndi ofunda akuya kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 mita. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo pomwe pamakhala miyala yambiri ndi mizu yamitengo, m'malo amenewa mumakhala nkhono zambiri, nsomba zazing'ono, mwachangu, tizilombo ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi omwe amapanga mandimu cichlazoma.
Kufotokozera
Citron cichlazoma ili ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu lokhala ndi zipsepse zakuthwa ndi chakuthambo. Cichlids awa ndi akulu, amafika mpaka kutalika kwa 25-25 cm.
Ngakhale onse amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi chotupa chambiri akatha msinkhu, chachimuna chimakula kwambiri.
Nthawi yayitali ya cichlazoma ya citron ndi zaka 10-12.
Mtundu wa cichlazoma citron m'chilengedwe umateteza, bulauni yakuda kapena imvi, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima isanu ndi umodzi yakuda.
Komabe, anthu omwe amakhala mumtambo wa aquarium amakhala ndi chikasu chowala, chomwe amadzitcha dzina lake - cichlazoma ndimu, ngakhale amapezekanso ndi mitundu yakuda.
Cichlids awa amaberekanso mu aquarium, ndipo tsopano, kuwonjezera pa chikasu, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa. Kujambula ndimtundu wachikaso, lalanje, loyera komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Citron Cichlid ndi nsomba yayikulu, yomwe itha kukhala yankhanza yomwe iyenera kusungidwa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi odziwa zambiri ndi ma cichlids akulu.
Koma, ngati ndinu oyamba kumene ndipo mukufuna kuyambitsa nsomba zoterezi, ndiye kuti palibe vuto, ndikwanira kukonzekera bwino ndikudziwa mawonekedwe ake.
Chinthu chachikulu ndi nyanja yamchere ndi mitundu ingapo yoyandikana nayo.
Kudyetsa
Omnivores, idyani zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, zachisanu ndi zopangira mu aquarium. Kudyetsa kumatha kukhala chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri cha ma cichlids akulu, komanso kudyetsa nsomba ndi chakudya chamoyo: ma virus a magazi, cortetra, brine shrimp, tubifex, gammarus, nyongolotsi, crickets, nyama ya mussel ndi shrimp, timadzi ta nsomba.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya ndi spirulina ngati nyambo, kapena ndiwo zamasamba: nkhaka zodulidwa ndi zukini, saladi. Kudyetsa CHIKWANGWANI kumalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda wamba pomwe bala losachiritsa limawonekera pamutu wa sikiki ndipo nsomba zimafa ngakhale zitalandira chithandizo.
Ndi bwino kudyetsa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, pang'ono pokha, kuti mupewe kudzikundikira kwanyumba.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kudyetsa nyama zomwe zimakonda kwambiri m'mbuyomu, tsopano zimawoneka ngati zowopsa.
Nyama yotere imakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe nsomba sizigaya bwino.
Zotsatira zake, nsomba imakula, ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati imasokonekera. Zakudya zotere zimatha kuperekedwa, koma kawirikawiri, kamodzi pa sabata.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Monga ma cichlids ambiri aku Central America, citron imafunikira malo okhala ndi madzi akulu kwambiri, makamaka akasungidwa ndi nsomba zina.
Mkazi m'modzi amafunika pafupifupi malita 200, wamwamuna 250, ndi angapo 450-500. Ngati muwasunga ndi nsomba zina zazikulu, ndiye kuti voliyumu iyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri, apo ayi ndewu sizingapeweke.
Kusefera koyenera komanso kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse kumafunikira, mpaka 20% yamavoliyumu.
Magawo amadzi azinthu za citron cichlazoma: 22-27 ° C, ph: 6.6-7.3, 10 - 20 dGH.
Zokongoletsa ndi zida zam'madzi aku aquarium ziyenera kutetezedwa, chifukwa nsomba zimatha kuzisokoneza, kuzisuntha ngakhale kuziphwanya. Ndikofunika kuti mubise chotenthetsera kumbuyo kwa chinthu china. Madzi a aquarium amayenera kuphimbidwa, chifukwa nsomba zimatha kudumpha.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga ngati dothi, ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yolowerera komanso miyala yokongoletsera. Citron cichlazomas akukumba mwakhama aquarium, ndipo zomera sizikhala ndi moyo mmenemo, kuwonjezera apo, ayesetsadi kuzidya.
Ngati mukufuna zomera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya pulasitiki kapena yolimba yomwe yabzalidwa mumiphika.
Ngakhale
Ndibwino kuti musunge ma cichlases a mandimu awiriawiri, m'malo osiyana siyana amchere. Ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yolusa, koma mumtambo waukulu wa aquarium imatha kulolera ma cichlids ena akulu ku South ndi Central America.
M'nyanja yochepetsetsa, nkhondo sizingapeweke. Zitha kusungidwa ndi: nyanga yamaluwa, zigawenga, managuan cichlazoma, astronotus, Nicaragua cichlazoma.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna achikulire a citron cichlazoma ndi akulu kuposa achikazi, amakhala ndi zipsepse zakumaso ndi kumatako, komanso chotupa chachikulu pamutu. Chuluchi chimapezeka nthawi zonse mu nsomba zam'madzi, koma mwachilengedwe zimawoneka pokhapokha mukamabereka.
Mkaziyo ndi wocheperako poyerekeza komanso amakhala ndi chotupa chocheperako.
Kuswana
Mu aquarium, citic cichlazomas imaberekanso mwachangu. Kuti achite izi, amafunikira malo okhala, phanga, kutchinga kwa nkhono, mphika wamaluwa. Mwambo wokwatirana umayamba ndi banjali kusambira mozungulira mozungulira wina ndi mnzake ndi zipsephe zawo patali ndipo pakamwa pawo patseguka.
M'masewera otere, mafuta ophatikizika mu nsomba zonsezi amakula kwambiri. Masewerawa asanabadwe amatha kutenga milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi 6 nsomba zisanayambe kubala.
Koma kumbukirani kuti panthawiyi wamwamuna amatha kukhala wankhanza kwa wamkazi. Ngati ayamba kumukhomerera, ikani ukonde wogawanitsa pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.
Oŵeta ena amapanga maukondewo kuti pakhale mabowo, omwe azimayi ang'onoang'ono amatha kumasuka akawopsezedwa. Mwambo ukatha, amayamba kutsuka pansi, mpaka pagalasi.
Mukawona izi, chotsani ukondewo, koma onetsetsani kuti wamwamuna samenya mkazi.
Mkazi adzaika pansi mwala kapena makoma a phanga kapena mphika, ndipo wamwamuna amamupanga feteleza. Pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena asanu, mbozi imaswa, ndipo makolo sangadye mazirawo. Makolo amatha kusunthira mphutsi kumalo ena, adakumba kale.
Pambuyo masiku ena asanu ndi awiri, mwachangu amasambira ndikuyamba kudyetsa. Kuyambira pano, wamwamuna amathanso kuzindikira kuti mkazi ndiwowopsa, chifukwa chake musaiwale zaukonde wopatukana.
Mukasamutsa mwachangu, yamphongo imatha kuyesanso kuberekanso, koma yaikazi siyokonzeka ndipo yamphongo imatha kumupha mosavuta. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kusiya mwachangu ndi makolo awo. Sikovuta kuwadyetsa, chakudya choyambira cha brine shrimp nauplii.
