"Cahau!" - china chonga ichi chimamveka chizindikiro chakuti anyani apadera amtundu wa anyani, omwe amakhala ku Borneo, amatuluka pakagwa ngozi. Izi ndi zomwe a Dayaks, omwe amakhala pachilumbachi amawatcha. Nyama zimadziwika bwino kwa ife monga anyani amphongo, kapena mphuno (Nasalis larvatus). Kuwoneka modabwitsa kwanyama, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi intaneti yotchedwa Zhdun, sikuwalola kuti asokonezeke ndi anyani ena.
Kufotokozera kwa mphuno
Poyerekeza ndi anyani ena, mphuno zimakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo.... Kulemera kwa amuna ndi makilogalamu 20 ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 73-76 cm, akazi ndi opepuka komanso ocheperako: ndikulemera kwa 10 kg, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kuli pafupifupi masentimita 60-65. Mosasamala za jenda, mchira wa nyama ndiwofanana kutalika ndi thupi.
Koma kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwakunja kwa amuna akulu, omwe adatcha dzinalo, ndi mphuno yofananira ya peyala, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 10. Ponena za cholinga cha fungo lonunkhira ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa otere, malingaliro a akatswiri azanyama adagawika.
- Malinga ndi mtundu wina, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi kufiira kwa mphuno pamphuno yokwiya ndi njira yowopsezera mdani.
- N'kuthekanso kuti mphuno imakhala ngati mtundu wina wa resonator womwe umakweza kulira kwa kahau. Akulengeza mokweza kupezeka kwawo m'dera linalake, anyani amalemba izi modabwitsa.
- Ndikothekanso kuti kukula kwa mphuno kumathandizira pakusankha bwenzi lokhazikika pogonana ndi akazi munthawi yokomana.
Kukhala ndi mphuno yayikulu yakulephera ndi mwayi wamwamuna yekha. Mwa akazi ndi nyama zazing'ono, chiwalo chonunkhira sichingokhala chaching'ono, komanso chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana: izi ndi zokometsera zomwe zidasunthira mphuno zazing'ono zitatu. Khungu lopanda kanthu kumaso kwa anyani lili ndi utoto wofiyira wachikasu. Kumbuyo kwa nyama yayikulu kumaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lakuda. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yamitundu yofiirira yofiirira yokhala ndi lalanje, wachikasu, ocher, bulauni. Mimba imakutidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena ubweya wabuluu.
Kuphatikiza pa mphuno ndi mimba yozungulira yochititsa chidwi, pali zosiyana zina pakuwonekera kwa amuna kuchokera kwa akazi - cholumikizira chachikopa chokutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuthwa, ndikupanga kolala yowoneka bwino pakhosi, ndi mane owoneka modabwitsa pamsana. Miyendo yolumikizana ndi thupi imawoneka yopatukana kwambiri komanso yowuma, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Mchira, komanso mawoko, ndi olimba, olimba, koma mphuno sichimagwiritsa ntchito.
Maonekedwe azinyalala zosocheretsa ndizonyenga: M'malo mwake, kahaus amatha kuyenda mochenjera pamitengo, akugwedeza miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ndikukoka zazikazi, potero amayenda nthambi kupita kunthambi. Nthawi zambiri anyani amakhala kumeneko. Kusowa kwamadzi kapena chakudya chokoma kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi komwe kumawapangitsa kutsika. Nos ndi obwera posachedwa; amakhala usiku wonse atavala nduwira zamitengo, zomwe asankha pasadakhale pafupi ndi mtsinje
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuphimba mtunda waung'ono pakusintha, kahaus amatha kuyenda ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Amadziwanso kusambira ngati galu, kudzithandiza ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, yokhala ndi mamina. Awa ndi anyani okha omwe amatha kulowa m'madzi: amatha kutalika kwa madzi mpaka 20 mita.
Mphuno zimakhala m'magulu a anthu 10 mpaka 30... Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukhala "chibonga chachimuna" basi, komanso azimayi azaka 8-10, otsogozedwa ndi amuna akulu. Otsalira omwe ali mgululi ndi ana osakhwima (ngati alipo). Mwachilengedwe chawo, mphuno ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo sizimawonetsa kukwiya, makamaka mkati mwa paketiyo. Nyama zimalankhulana wina ndi mnzake osati mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amaso, komanso ndimamveka odabwitsa.
Mikangano ndi mikangano pakati pa mamembala imachitika kawirikawiri ndipo imazimitsidwa msanga: zoyeserera za azimayi aakazi kuti achite manyazi zimayimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikumveka kwamphuno komwe mtsogoleriyo amapanga. Nthawi ndi nthawi, "coups power" zitha kuchitika pagulu. Wamwamuna wachinyamata komanso wamphamvu amakhala woyamba, kuthamangitsa wopikisana naye, kumulanda mwayi wake wakale komanso ngakhale ana. Zikatere, mayi wa mwana wophedwayo amathanso kusiya gulu.
Kuyesera kuchepetsa masokosi kwalephera mpaka pano. Ochita kafukufuku akunena kuti sangathe kucheza bwino, osaphunzira bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe chidziwitso pakukhalitsa kwa mphuno ukapolo. Kuthengo, anyani amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20, ngati sangakhale adani a adani kale. Mwambiri, nthawi ino imatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'derali.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Madambo a Borneo m'mphepete mwa mtsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo okhawo padziko lapansi komwe mungapeze anyani amphongo yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amasankha mitengo yamadambo, madera akuluakulu a nkhalango za dipterocarp ndi mitengo yawo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, minda ya hevea yoyandikana ndi nkhono, ngati malo okhala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anyani amphongo, posankha malo okhala, amakonda magombe amadzi ndi mitsinje. Zimaganiziridwa kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mchere komanso mchere munthaka, zomwe zimadziwika ndi dera lomwe limapatsidwa ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pakadyetsedwe kazitsotso.
M'dera lomwe lili pamwamba pa nyanja pamwamba pa 200-350 m, kahau sichitha kuwoneka.
Zakudya za mphuno
Maziko a anyani amphongo ndi awa:
- masamba aang'ono a mitengo;
- mphukira zodya;
- maluwa ndi timadzi tokoma;
- zipatso, makamaka osapsa.
Posakhalitsa, "zakudya zamasamba" izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi mbozi, mbozi, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Kahau amayamba kufunafuna chakudya pafupi ndi mtsinjewo, pang'onopang'ono kupita mkati mwa nkhalango ndikuyenda pamalo okadyerako. Kuti akwaniritse, nthawi zina amayenda makilomita angapo patsiku, ndipo madzulo amabwerera kumalo awo.
Adani achilengedwe
Borneo ilibe nyama zazikulu zoyamwa. Adani akuluakulu amphuno ndi ng'ona zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala m'madambo a mangrove, m'madzi am'madzi, kumunsi kotsika ndi kumtsinje wa deltas. Amadikirira anyani ndikuwathira nkhondo akawoloka mtsinjewo. Pachifukwa ichi, mphuno, ngakhale kuti amasambira bwino, amayesetsa kusintha gawo laling'ono kwambiri lamadzi.
Zofunika! Kambuku kokhala ndi mitambo, kokhala kumtunda, sikuwopseza mphuno: kuchuluka kwa adaniwo ndi ochepa kwambiri, komanso amakonda kusaka nyama zazikulu - mbuzi, nswala, nkhumba zamtchire.
Nthawi zambiri, kahau amakhala mikhole ya abuluzi oyang'anira ndi nsato, ziwombankhanga. Kupha nyama mopanda chilolezo kumakhalanso koopsa kwa iwo: munthu amathamangitsa mphuno chifukwa cha nyama yokoma ndi ubweya wokongola wonenepa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Amuna ndi akazi aamayi amakula msinkhu wazaka chimodzi ndi theka... Nyengo yakumasirana imayamba mchaka, ngakhale kuti amuna akulu, malinga ndi magwero ena, amakhala ndi erection nthawi zonse. Akazi nthawi zambiri amayamba kukwatira. Khalidwe lokondwerera, kugwedeza mutu mwachangu, maginito onyengerera omwe amatuluka ndikuthinya kwa milomo mu chubu, chiwonetsero chamaliseche chimatsimikizira kuzama kwa zolinga za mayiyo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amatha kubwerera pagulu pokhapokha atakwanitsa kupikisana ndi amuna akulu. Azimayi achichepere amadzaza azimayi, kukhala mdera lomwe adabadwira.
Wokwera pamahatchi, wogonjetsedwa ndi kukongola kwa mnzake, amamubwezera, ndipo atatha masiku 200 banjali lili ndi mwana wokongola wokhala ndi mphuno yotembenuka pamphuno yabuluu yakuda. Mayi wosamala akuyamwitsa mwana wake kufikira atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Koma ngakhale zitatha izi, ubale ndi anawo susiya. Amuna achimuna samachoka pagululo asanakwanitse zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, pambuyo pake amalowa nawo limodzi mwa masukulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kuchepetsa mwachangu mdera lamapiri amvula, kudula mitengo mwachangu, ngalande zamadambo, kulima mgwalangwa wamafuta m'mapiri achonde sikungangobweretsa kusintha koonekera nyengo ya Borneo.
Malo okhala mphuno nawonso acheperachepera, omwe, akutaya nkhondo yolimbirana yokhudza madera ndi chakudya kwa omenyana - ma macaque okhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wa nkhumba. Izi, komanso kuchuluka kwa ziwombankhanga pachilumbachi, zachititsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kwachepa pakati pazaka makumi asanu zapitazi ndipo lero sikuposa anthu 3000.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pafupi ndi mzinda wa Sandakan, pali Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary, komwe mumawona mphuno mwachilengedwe. Mbiri ya malowa ndiyodabwitsa.
Mwiniwake wamsungidwe mzaka za m'ma 1990 adapeza nkhalango yayikulu yamitengo yolima mafuta amanjedza... Powona mphuno zomwe zimakhalamo, mwini munda adachita chidwi ndi anyani achilendo. Amafuna kudziwa zonse za moyo wawo komanso machitidwe awo. Atamva kuti nyamazo zatsala pang'ono kutha, adasintha malingaliro ake oyamba.
Tsopano, m'malo mwa mitengo ya kanjedza yamafuta, gawoli limakhala ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe, momwe mumakhala mphuno pafupifupi 80. Malowa ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa alendo omwe ali ndi mwayi wowonera anyani kuchokera papulatifomu yabwino yazunguliridwa ndi nsanja zingapo. Kawiri patsiku, osunga malowa amabweretsa mabasiketi ndi zokoma zamphongo - zipatso zosapsa. Pakadali pano, anyaniwa, omwe anazolowera kudya chakudya chokhazikika, amasiya nkhalango zowirira zili pabwalo.
Iwo, malinga ndi mboni zowona ndi maso, samangokhala chete osawopa anthu, komanso amatenga nawo gawo pazokambirana za zithunzi, akuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa nkhalango zowoneka bwino. Boma la Malawi, lomwe likuda nkhawa ndi momwe zachilengedwe zilili ku Borneo wonse, likuyesetsa kuchitapo kanthu, poteteza zinthu kuti zisatheretu anyani odabwitsa komanso odabwitsa: mitunduyi idalembedwa mu IWC ndipo imatetezedwa m'malo otetezedwa.
