Ukraine ndi amodzi mwamayiko olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pazomera ndi nyama. Dera lake limadutsa m'nkhalango zazikulu, madambo osatha ndi madambo, mapiri ataliatali ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zokongola.
Pamalo achilengedwe komanso osiyanasiyana, pafupifupi mitundu 45,000 imapezeka mosavuta nyama za Ukraine. Mukuwona aliyense pano. Ambiri mitundu ya nyama za Ukraine amapezeka m'malo achilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Kukhalapo kwa Ukraine, kuweruza ndi zofukula, kunalipo nthawi yathu ino isanafike. M'masiku amenewo, m'mbali mwake munali nyama zonga nkhumba, munthu amatha kukumana ndi zipembere, akadyamsonga, mimbulu ndi ng'ombe, zomwe zinali chizindikiro cha nyama cha Ukraine.
Kusintha kwa zakunja komwe kwachitika mzaka zambiri kwapangitsa kuti mbewu zisinthe. Zinyama, chibadwa chodziyang'anira chimagwira ntchito, amayeneranso kusintha ndikusintha moyo watsopano.
Mitundu ina imayenera kusamukira kumalo oyenera komanso abwino kwa iwo, pomwe ena amayenera kukulitsa maluso ena ndikukhala mogwirizana ndi malamulo atsopano. Za, nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Ukraine, mutha kuyankhula kosatha chifukwa alipo ambiri.
Chosavuta kwambiri, pali anthu pafupifupi 1200. Gulu la nyongolotsi limaphatikizapo oimira 1400. Arthropods - 39,000, nsomba - 270, mbalame - 344, ndi nyama - pafupifupi 108. Kuphatikiza apo, izi sizolondola chifukwa m'chilengedwe mumakhala kusintha kosalekeza kwa mitundu ya nyama.
Zosintha zomwe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zimachitika m'chilengedwe, zimabweretsa kuti zamoyo zina zimangosowa ndipo sizimawoneka kudera la Ukraine. Tikulankhula za kulans, mikango, saigas, magawo, zoyera zoyera, ma tarlans, ma aurochs, njati.
Zinyama za Ukraine m'malo osiyanasiyana ndizosiyananso. Chigawo chilichonse chachilengedwe chimakhala ndi oyimira ake. Chifukwa mafotokozedwe a nyama ku Ukraine sipadzakhala malo okwanira munkhani imodzi, koma owayimilira odziwika ayenera kuyankhulabe mwatsatanetsatane.
Fox
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazambiri nyama wamba Ukraine. Nyama yochenjera imeneyi imasintha ubweya wake kutengera nyengo komanso malo okhala. Nkhandwe ndi yofiira kwambiri kapena yakuda lalanje.
Ndiwanzeru kwambiri, wochenjera kwambiri komanso wanzeru kwambiri kuposa nyama zonse. Makhalidwewa adamuthandiza kukhala heroine wa nkhani zambiri, zomwe zimawulula luntha komanso kuchenjera kwachinyengo.
Woodlands, zigwa zokula kwambiri, maenje ndi nyumba zakale zosiyidwa ndizomwe amakonda nkhandwe. Samadzipweteka kawirikawiri ndipo amatha kudzikumbira okha mabowo. Monga lamulo, pazinthu izi amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba yomwe wina wasiya, mwachitsanzo, baji.
Nthawi yopumula komanso yachisanu ya nyama izi imathera kufunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zonse amagwidwa ndi mbewa. Kutha kwa dzinja ndikofunikira kwa iwo popanga awiriawiri ndi kuswana nkhandwe zazing'ono, pafupifupi pali pafupifupi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Ana akabadwa, makolo onse amawasamalira. Ana akangokula pang'ono, bambo wa banja amawasiya ndipo mpaka nthawi yophukira nkhawa zonse zokhudzana ndi mwanayo zimagwera amayi. Pakufika nyengo yachisanu, banja la nkhandwe limatha ndipo aliyense amayamba kukhala moyo wawo wosiyana, wobisika.
Kalulu
Ndani samadziwa woimira wamantha uyu nyama za steppes la Ukraine? Wamantha uyu wamva bwino. Chifukwa chake, rustle iliyonse imamupangitsa kuchita mantha. Kununkhiza kwa nyama ndikuwona kovuta kwathunthu kumayamba pang'ono kukula.
Nyama zakutchire za Ukraine zikusefukira ndi nyama izi. Amapezeka kulikonse - m'malo otseguka, nthaka yaulimi, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zosawerengeka, zigwa zokhala ndi tchire, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango.
Kalulu ndi imodzi mwazinyama zobala ubweya zokhala ndi malaya okongola modabwitsa. Zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo isaganizire zogona ndikukhala panja nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Pofuna kudyetsa, hares nthawi zambiri imatha kuyandikira malo okhala anthu. Zitha kuwononga minda yamphesa ndi minda ya zipatso mosasinthika chifukwa zimadyetsa mitengo yaying'ono komanso udzu wobiriwira.
Nyama iyi imazindikira mwangozi ngozi. Kuthawa, hares imatha kufikira liwiro la 50 km / h. Ndi achonde kwambiri ndipo amatha kubala ana mpaka kanayi pachaka. Sikuti kalulu kapena kalulu ndi makolo abwino.
Satha kuyendera ana awo mpaka masiku angapo. Koma mumtundu uwu, zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri, pali lingaliro lothandizana, makanda atha kudyetsedwa ndi kalulu wakunja.
Nguluwe
Izi nyama zakutchire za Ukraine zambiri chaka chilichonse. Ndiowopsa kwa anthu ndipo msonkhano uliwonse nawo ungasinthe kukhala tsoka. Ndipo popeza amakonda kukhala pagulu, ngozi zitha kuchuluka.
Mkazi ndi ana ake nthawi zonse amamatira limodzi, ndipo chachimuna chimasaka mosiyana ndi iwo. Nguluwe zakutchire zimagwira ntchito kwambiri madzulo komanso usiku. Masana, amagona m'malo opanda anthu odutsika.
Zakudya za nyama izi zimayang'aniridwa ndi zakudya zamasamba. Amakonda mtedza, acorn, tubers wa zomera, koma nthawi zina amatha kudya abuluzi, achule, makoswe onga mbewa.
Nguluwe yamtchire yovulala kapena nyama yomwe ili pakona ndi ngozi yayikulu kwa anthu. Nthawi zina, nguluwe imangochoka popanda kugwira kapena kutchera khutu kwa munthuyo.
Beaver
Ndiusiku nkhalango nyama Ukraine Dzuka mpaka m'mawa. Imagwira makamaka mchilimwe, pomwe ma bea amafunikira kuphika chakudya m'nyengo yozizira.
Pofuna kusunga chakudya, beavers amagwiritsa ntchito mabanki ataliatali, omwe amathanso kupezeka nthawi yozizira. Izi ndi zolengedwa zoyipa kwambiri, zimawononga mpaka 20% ya unyinji wawo wonse.
Amadzipangira maenje pansi pogona, potuluka pomwepo ndimadzi. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimadziteteza ku adani omwe angakhale adani awo.
Palibe kutuluka koteroko mu beaver burrow. Mwambiri, malo onse okhala nyamayi ndi mapangidwe ovuta, okhala ndi chipinda chochezera pamwamba pamadzi.
Pamene madzi osungira amakwera, beavers amayenera kupalasa mipira ya nthaka kuchokera kudenga la nyumba kuti phazi likhale lokwera pang'ono. Nyamazo zimakongoletsa zotuluka m'mabowo ndi malo enaake apadera omwe amalepheretsa madzi kuzizira m'malo amenewa. Denga la nyumbayo lili ndi bowo lakuthupi.
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi chisamaliro chodabwitsa. Asanatuluke pobisala, amasanthula mosamala chilichonse. Beavers onse m'derali aphunzira za ngoziyo chifukwa chakumenyedwa kwa nyama imodzi ndi mchira wake pamadzi.
Ndi nyama zokhulupirika kwambiri. Ngati adzisankhira okha, ndiye kuti ndi moyo wonse. Mu nyansi imodzi ya beaver, pafupifupi, pali ana atatu. Akangotha masiku atatu kuchokera pamene abadwa, amasambira ndikudya okha.
Mu ojambula zithunzi
European roe deer
Kupanda kutero, nyamayi imatchedwanso mbuzi yamtchire. Amawona ngati wamba nyama za m'nkhalango za Ukraine. Nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi kumva komanso kununkhira bwino zimakonda udzu wokoma kwambiri, mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba amitengo.
Amakonda kukhala m'gulu la anthu pafupifupi 12. M'magulu, ndizosavuta kuti nyama zizisamalira thanzi lawo komanso chitetezo.
Masika, maguluwa agawika. Mbawala zapakati zimapeza malo obisika, obisika kuti abereke ana. Akangobadwa kumene, akazi amayenera kupita kukadya. Ana panthawiyi amagona m'malo obisika muudzu.
Mbawala za Roe zilibe fungo lililonse, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asadziwike konse ngakhale chilombo chodutsa. Nyama ikaukira mayi ndi makanda, yaikazi imayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti ikope chidwi chake, ndipo makanda panthawiyi amagwa osayenda muudzu ndikukhala osadziwika.
Kujambula ndi mphalapala zaku Europe
Hedgehog
Nyama zabwinozi zakhalapo padziko lapansi kwazaka pafupifupi 15 miliyoni. Ndi ochepa msinkhu - 25-30 cm ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 800 g.Nkhope yokongola ya nyama imakongoletsedwa ndi batani lakuda-mphuno, lomwe limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Thupi lonse lanyama limakutidwa ndi zing'onozing'ono, koma singano zakuthwa zomwe zimateteza kwa adani.
Nyama izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwawo kodabwitsa, kulimba komanso changu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs amasambira bwino, amalumpha ndikukwera mitengo. Zilibe chitetezo chokha ngati minga, komanso mankhwala amkati olumidwa ndi njoka, arsenic, opiamu komanso asidi wa hydrocyanic.
Nyama yodzichepetsayi imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza osawopa kusankha pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Pogona, amatha kukumba yekha payekha, kapena amagwiritsa ntchito maenje ena anyama ena kuti achite izi. Pansi panyumba ya hedgehog yokutidwa ndi udzu wouma, masamba kapena moss.
Ma Hedgehogs amakonda kukhala okha. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi abale awo, koma samakonda wina akasokoneza nyumba yawo. Kumuteteza, akuwonetsa nkhanza zomwe sizinachitikepo. Amapeza chilankhulo chofulumira ndi ziweto. Kuliza mluzu, kulira ndi kuwomba kumamveka kuchokera kumahedgehogs okwiya.
Mbatata izi zimakhala m'malo awo obisala masana. Masomphenya awo ndi ofunika kwambiri, koma amatha kumva bwino ndi mphuno zawo ndi makutu awo. Pakufika nyengo yozizira, ma hedgehogs amatha kutha, ndipo nthawi yozizira imayamba.
Tarantula
Tarantula ndi imodzi mwazambiri nyama zakupha ku Ukraine. Kutalika kwa thupi la kangaudeyu kumatha kufikira masentimita 3.5. Amasankha dera lamatsamba ndi nkhalango kuti azikhalamo.
Maenje awo amawoneka pansi. Sikoyenera kuwayandikira, pokhapokha ngati izi ndizotheka kupewa kuluma koopsa, nthawi zina komwe kumapha, ngati munthu atachita zovuta.
Chosangalatsa cha tarantula ndi maso awo, omwe ali ndi zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kuwona zenizeni zonse komanso kuchokera mbali zonse. Nyama yakudyayi imakhala ikubisalira kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka itakumana ndi mbozi, chimbalangondo, kricket kapena kachilomboka.
Ndi kudzoza kopambana, amateteza nyumba zawo kwa alendo osayitanidwa. Pokhala kuti sangapezeke kunyumba, akangaude amalemba njira zawo ndi nthiti. Nthawi zina amatha kupita osadziwa komwe, ataya mutu kufunafuna bwenzi loyenera.
Pakadali nthawi yokwatirana, chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chimachitika. Pambuyo pa umuna, mkaziyo amadzutsa chilakolako, ndipo amatha kudya mosavuta poluma champhongo. Moyo ndi tsogolo la mnzanu zimadalira luso lake. Ngati atha kuzemba wamkazi, ndiye kuti angakhalebe ndi moyo.
Kangaude kangaude
Lynx wamba
Lynx amalingaliridwa nyama zosowa ku Ukraine. Mpaka posachedwa, amakumana m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Koma chifukwa chowombera, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwatsika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri, zimapezeka mu Carpathians okha. Ponseponse, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, palibe anthu opitilira 400 ku Ukraine.
Mphaka wamkuluyu, wodya nyama, amatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 130 ndipo amalemera pafupifupi masentimita 25. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi. Makutu a nyama zokongolazi amakongoletsedwa ndi ngayaye zokongola. Mchira watha kumapeto. Nyama zodabwitsazi zimakhala kuthengo pafupifupi zaka 15-20.
Lynx amakonda kusaka usiku. Chokoma chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi kalulu, mphalapala, ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. M'mwezi wa Marichi, nyama zimadzuka ndi chikhumbo chokonda ndi kukondedwa.
Pakadali pano, atsikana angapo amatsatira akazi, amasankha opambana, ndipo pambuyo paukwati wachinyamata, umuna umachitika pakati pawo.
Nthawi zambiri, pakatha masiku 75, ana anayi odabwitsa amabadwa, omwe mpaka mwezi amakhala pansi pa chisamaliro chodalirika ndi chitetezo cha makolo awo. Nyama iyi yatchulidwa mu Red Book ndipo ili pansi pa chitetezo chodalirika cha anthu.
Kujambula ndi lynx wamba
Akavalo
Ichi ndi chinyama nyama ndi chizindikiro cha Ukraine. N'zosatheka kulingalira za Ukraine ndi nkhondo wamphamvu Cossack popanda mnzake wokhulupirika - kavalo wakuda. Nyamayo ndi yopyapyala komanso yokongola. Minofu yake ndi malamulo ake adakonzedwa bwino komanso bwino.
Chigaza cha kavalo chimakhala chodabwitsa kukula kwake, koma mulibe malo ochepa muubongo momwemo, omwe samakhudza konse kulingalira kwa nyama.
Amakula bwino kumva, kuwona ndi kununkhiza. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nyamazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kuzigwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Ndiwochezeka komanso odekha, othamanga mwachangu komanso odzipereka, amphamvu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala odekha. Mahatchi achilengedwe ku Ukraine kulibenso m'chilengedwe, onse ndi oweta.
Akavalo amakula msinkhu atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri. Mimba yawo imakhala mpaka miyezi 11. Kwa iye, mwana m'modzi kapena awiri amabadwa, osakhazikika komanso osayenda bwino.
Kwenikweni maola 4-5 ndi okwanira kuti iwo abwerere ku malingaliro awo ndikuima olimba pamiyendo. Akavalo amakhala zaka 35. Koma nthawi zina amakhala zaka 60.
Mphungu yagolide
Mfumu iyi ya ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zamtunduwu. Kulemera kwake kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide kumatha kufikira 6 kg. Mapiko ake ndi aatali mamita 3.5. Mbalameyi imakhala yakuda bulauni. Koma pouluka, mawanga oyera oyera amawoneka pamapiko ake ndi mchira kuchokera pansipa. Amati mchira wa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndiwotalika kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse ya mphungu.
Kuunika kowuluka kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide m'mlengalenga kumapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafunde ampweya. Powona nyama, nyamayo, mosazengereza, imalikankhira. Ndiwo eni akulu. Chiwombankhanga chilichonse chagolide chili ndi malo ake osakira, chimatha kutalika mpaka 4 km.
Nthawi zambiri mkazi amaikira mazira osapitilira awiri. Makolo onse amasamalira anapiye oswedwa. Koma kwakukulukulu, chachimuna chimayenera kupeza chakudya, pomwe chachikazi chimakhala nthawi zonse pachisa ndi ana.
Zakudya za ziwombankhanga zagolide zimapangidwa ndi ma partgeges ndi bobaks. Pali nthawi zina pomwe amadyera nyama, mbira, nkhandwe komanso osatulutsa ana.
Fashoni yakusaka pamodzi ndi ziwombankhanga zagolide yakhala yotchuka kuyambira nthawi zakale. Chiwerengero cha mbalamezi chikuchepa chifukwa chakulowa kwa anthu m'malo awo. Chiwombankhanga chowopsa cha golide sichimangosiya mazira pachisa kwamuyaya, komanso ana osowa chochita.
Pachithunzicho mphungu yagolide
Njati
Njati zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale lero kukula kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Njati zamakono zimalemera makilogalamu 900 ndipo zimakula mpaka masentimita 330. Kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota kumatha kufika mamita 2. Kukula kwa amuna nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa akazi.
Kutsogolo kwa njati kumasiyana kwambiri kumbuyo. Ndi wamkulu, wotakata komanso wamtali. Mimba imakokedwa mkati, osalephera. Nyamayo imaonekera ndi khosi lalikulu, lamphamvu. Nyama zimakhala pafupifupi nthawi yonse yamasana kupumula mopepuka. Madzulo madzulo, amapita pachitsime.
Njati, zomwe zidatsalira m'mbiri, zimakonda kukhala m'magulu akulu, momwe mumatha kukhala mitu yopitilira 50. Pakadali pano, ziweto zatsika kwambiri, chifukwa chake ziweto zotere sizinachitike kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yokhotakhota ya nyama imagwa koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Amuna amakonza ndewu zenizeni za malo pafupi ndi akazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha ndi kuvulala koopsa kwa onse awiri.
Kuyambira miyezi 9 ya mimba, mwana mmodzi kapena awiri amabadwa, omwe mu ola limodzi amatha kutsatira makolo awo pawokha. Njati zimakhwima pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Khalani mpaka zaka 25.
Njati pachithunzichi
Mbawala
Ku Ukraine mutha kupeza European and sika deer. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri mwa ziweto zawo adawoneka. Kukongola kwa zinyama izi kumatha kukhala nsanje ya nyama iliyonse.
Nyanga izi, zofanana ndi nthambi za mtengo waukulu, zimapatsa nyamayo ulemu komanso kukongola. Thupi lawo ndi lokongola komanso lowonda. Zakudya za amuna okongola zimaphatikizaponso zakudya zamasamba. Pali ma subspecies ena omwe amatha kuthetsa ludzu lanu ngakhale ndi madzi amchere.
Kunyada ndi ulemu zingawoneke pamtundu uliwonse wa nyama. Akazi amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi amuna ndipo amapezeka nthawi yamvula yokha. Izi zimagwera nthawi yophukira.
Pakadali pano, nkhondo zoopsa zimabuka pakati pa amuna, monga pakati pa njati. Mbawala zogonjetsedwa zimathawa, chachikazi chimatsalira ndi champhamvu kwambiri.
Masika, mwana m'modzi kapena awiri amabadwa kwa mkazi wopanda nyanga. Poyamba, amagona osowa chochita muudzu, pomwe yaikazi imadyetserako ziweto pafupi, kuti itetezedwe kwa adani. Anawo atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, amasiya amayi awo ndikupita pagulu la amuna.
Steppe mphungu
Ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame zowopsa za banja la mphamba. Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 19, anali oposa okwanira. M'zaka za zana la 20, anthu anali kucheperachepera.
Panali zifukwa zambiri izi - madera aamwali anali kucheperachepera chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, pankhaniyi, ma gopher, omwe ziwombankhanga zimadya, nawonso adacheperako. Mbalame zambiri, kuphatikizapo ziwombankhanga, zafa panjinga zamagetsi.
Mbalame yokhayokha imamanga zisa zake pansi, nthawi zambiri mumitengo. Nthawi zambiri amaikira dzira limodzi kapena awiri. Nthawi yawo yokwanira imakhala mpaka masiku 45. Ziwombankhanga zimakula msinkhu wa zaka 3-4. Gophers, makoswe ena, mbalame zimakonda kudya ziwombankhanga. Iwo samanyozanso zakufa ngakhale.
Steppe mphungu
Msuzi wachitsamba
Mbalame yokongolayi nthawi zonse imakhala yosamala kwambiri. Zitsamba zamaluwa zimakhala zokongola kwambiri nthawi yakumasirana. Amakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zabwino pamitu yawo. Maonekedwe a mbalame ndikuwonetsa kosalekeza kwachisomo ndi aristocracy. Wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi 2 kg, kutalika mpaka 100 cm.
Chokhacho chokha chomwe mbalameyi imachita ndikulephera kuyimba. Kuphatikiza apo, amafuula mwamphamvu komanso mosasangalatsa kotero kuti akufuna kuthawa phokoso lonyansali.
The heron heron ndiye msaka wovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi masomphenya ake abwino, mlomo wautali, wakuthwa ndikuwunika mwachangu mphezi. Mlenjeyo amezadi nyama yake yonse. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo nsomba, eel ndi amphibians. Komanso, amakonda tizilombo, zokwawa, crustaceans ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Njira yakukwatirana imawoneka yosangalatsa kuchokera kunja. Mmenemo, mkazi amayenera kukopana ndi wamwamuna, yemwe panthawiyo amakhala ndi nyumba yabwino komanso yabwino.
Pambuyo pakuwonekera kotereku, mbalame zimapanga awiriawiri, kenako ana, okhala ndi anapiye opitilira 5. Onse awiri akumusamalira, pokhala makolo achitsanzo chabwino kwambiri.
Kujambulidwa ndi mphalapala wa imvi
Mbalame ya Chinsansa
Mbalame yokongola, yachifumuyo ndiyo yokongola kwambiri komanso yachinsinsi. Anthu amagwirizanitsa ntchito zabwino, kukhulupirika ndi zikhumbo zabwino ndi iye. Ukulu, chisomo ndi ungwiro zilipo mwa iye. Swans ndi oyera, otuwa komanso akuda.
M'mitundu yonse, ndizosayerekezeka. Ndi zokongoletsa zabwino m'malo mosungira ambiri, komwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Kuyang'ana pa iwo, pali mtendere ndi bata mu moyo.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi adani mwachilengedwe zomwe zimawopseza monga ziwombankhanga za golide ndi mtsinje osprey. Poyesera kubisala, tsekwe imatha kukhala ndi liwiro losaneneka ikamauluka komanso ikuyandama, nthawi zina sizingatheke kuwapeza ngakhale atakwera bwato.
Mbalame yodzitama iyi sakonda kuyandikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake imakhazikika m'madzi obisika komanso opanda phokoso. Amuna okongola amadya zakudya zamasamba. Aliyense amadziwa za kukhulupirika kwa swan. Mbalame zimasankha mtundu umodzi wamoyo. Mbalame zimakhala zaka 25.
Dokowe woyera
Mbalame iyi ku Ukraine imawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha chisangalalo, ubwino wabanja komanso kutukuka. Pali nthano zambiri zonena za izi. M'modzi mwa iwo akuti ngati dokowe akakhazikika m'nyumba ya banja lomwe lakhala likufuna kukhala ndi mwana kwanthawi yayitali, maloto awo adzakwaniritsidwa.
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi vuto ndi zingwe zamawu, motero adokowe samapanga mawu. Mbalame yokongola iyi imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 120. Mapiko ataliatali amafika 205 cm.
Amadyetsa nyama. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Adokowe amakonda amphibiya, zokwawa, nsomba ndi tizilombo. Nthawi zina adokowe amatha kusilira kalulu pang'ono. Panali milandu pomwe amatenga zinthu zosadyedwa ndikudya, izi zidapangitsa kutsekula kwa kholingo.
Mbalameyi imakhala pafupi ndi anthu. Chisa chake chimawoneka padenga la nyumba, khola, pathanthwe kapena pamtengo. Ngakhale poyerekeza ndi zisa za mbalamezi pali kudalirika kwapadera. Mbalame zimadutsa m'nyumba zawo ku mibadwomibadwo.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira osapitilira asanu pachisa. Makolo onse awiri amasinthana kuwaswa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, ana opanda thandizo amabadwa, omwe pakatha miyezi iwiri amakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Chisoti
Ma amphibiya opanda mchira ali ndi cholengedwa chosasangalatsa komanso choyipa - mphamba. Mimbulu nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi achule, ngakhale zili zolengedwa ziwiri zosiyana.
Achule, mosiyana ndi achule, amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndikusambira chifukwa chakuti miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndi yaifupi. Pachifukwa chomwechi, chule amatha kulumpha, koma chule sichitha.
Podzitchinjiriza, zisoti zimapatsidwa zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimatulutsa ntchofu, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha. Kutalika kwa cholengedwa ichi kumatha kufikira masentimita 8. Mtunduwo ukhoza kukhala wa azitona, bulauni, wokhala ndi mithunzi ya bulauni.
Khungu lonse la tozi limakutidwa ndi ma tubercles. Amuna ali ndi mawu odabwitsa. Kuyimba kwachilendo kwa zitsamba kumamveka patali kwambiri ndi matupi amadzi. Achinyamata amadya agulugufe, nkhono, nyongolotsi, tizilombo ndi mphutsi.
Pofuna kuswana, chachimuna chimakwera chachikazi ndikumupangira feteleza. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo amatha kuyikira mazira mpaka 7000, pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri yomwe mphutsi zimapezeka. Kuchokera ku mphutsi, tadpoles zopota zimapezeka, pambuyo pake - achichepere a toads.
Pachithunzichi pali tozi
Njoka ya steppe
Pali mitundu isanu ya njoka zapoizoni ku Ukraine. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi mphiri, amene posachedwapa wakhala kuyesera kukhala pafupi ndi anthu. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, njokayi ndi ngozi yayikulu kwa anthu.
Sikovuta kumuzindikira. Thupi lake limakhala mpaka masentimita 57. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Pakamwa pa njoka yamphongo ndi yayitali, imaloza ndikukweza kuchokera mbali. Imakhala yofiirira-mtundu ndi mitundu ya zigzag. Mutu nthawi zambiri umakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe amdima, ofanana. Nthawi zambiri, mungapeze njoka zakuda.
Njoka zimafanana kwambiri ndi njoka zamadzi. Mbali yapadera ndi mawang'a a chikaso pamutu pa njokayo. Njoka zimasonyeza ntchito yawo kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka October. Nthawi yotsala ili mu tulo tofa nato. Amakonda kwambiri dzuwa.
Njoka zimadya dzombe, ziwala, mbalame ndi makoswe. Nthawi zina amatha kudya tozi, kangaude kapena chule. Zakudya za achinyamata makamaka zimaphatikizapo tizilombo ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Nyengo yokwanira ndi Meyi-Epulo.
Njoka ndi zolengedwa za viviparous. Kuyambira mimba, yomwe imatenga masiku 90-130, kuyambira ana 3 mpaka 30 amabadwa. Njoka za steppe sizikhala zaka zoposa 7.
Njoka ya steppe
Triton
Amphibians, opanda chipolopolo, tailed ali ndi nthumwi yosangalatsa - newt. Iye si chule kapena buluzi. Ndizotheka, titero, china pakati pa ichi ndi icho, kukhala pamtunda ndi m'madzi.
Kutalika kwa newt wamkulu kumafika masentimita 20. Amadziwongolera mwachangu momwe angathamange pansi pa dziwe, pamtunda amachita zoyipa kwambiri. Newt ndi amphibious ndipo imatha kupuma osati ndi mapapu ake okha, komanso ndi mphonje yapadera pamchira, yomwe imatha kupweteka chifukwa chokhala pansi pafupipafupi.
Atsopano samatha kuona bwino, koma amalipidwa mokwanira ndi kununkhira bwino. Amatha kumva nyamakazi ndikununkhiza pamtunda wa mamita 300. Zakudya za nyongolotsi zimaphatikizapo zopanda mafupa, udzudzu ndi mayflies. Pamtunda, amagwiritsira ntchito slugs ndi ma minworm. Newt yogwira usiku.
Kwa umuna, amabwerera kusungira, komwe kumachitikira. Pambuyo masiku 20, timabowo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi timitsempha timabadwa. M'nyengo yotentha, ma newt amakula m'madzi mpaka 4 cm kukula.
Pachithunzicho ndi newt
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Mpaka posachedwa, zimbalangondo zofiirira zimawerengedwa kuti ndizinthu zomwe zatha m'chigawo cha Ukraine. Koma posachedwapa, wasayansi waku Ukraine a Sergei Gaschak, pogwiritsa ntchito misampha yapadera ya kamera, adawona kuyenda kwa nyama izi mdera la Chernobyl. Chiwerengero chawo chikuwonekera ku Carpathians.
M'dera lochotsachi, zimbalangondo zimamva bata komanso kumasuka. Amakhala miyoyo yawo ndipo samakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa chowukiridwa ndi anthu. Zimbalangondo za Brown ndi mitundu yotetezedwa yomwe yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Nyamayo ndi ya nyama zolusa. Pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwazakudya zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Zimbalangondo zimadya zakudya zamasamba - zipatso, mtedza, zipatso, mizu, ndipo nthawi zina udzu. Amatha kudya tizilombo, zokwawa, amphibiya, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, nsomba ndi ng'ombe.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimabisala. Ponena za nyengo ya kukwatira, imaphatikizidwa ndi nkhondo pakati pa omenyana, pomwe imodzi imatha kufa. Mimba imakhala mpaka masiku 200. Pambuyo pake, ana 5-6 a ana olemera magalamu 600.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Kadzidzi
Kwa nthawi yayitali mbalameyi imakhala chizindikiro cha nzeru. Amalemekezedwa, kutetezedwa ndikuopedwa nthawi yomweyo. Zojambula zaku Ukraine zimati mbalamezi ndizomwe zimakhala zoyipa. Koma malinga ndi kuneneratu kwina, kubwera kwa kadzidzi kunyumba ukwati usanalonjeze kukhala ndi banja losangalala komanso lalitali.
Pafupifupi mitundu 13 ya mbalame zodabwitsazi zimakhala ku Ukraine. Ena mwa iwo amakhala mwamtendere pafupi ndi munthu. Amatha kukhazikika m'mapanga, ming'alu m'miyala, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Kadzidzi amasamalira makanda awo ndikuwateteza kwa adani omwe amapirira modabwitsa.
Mbalame zimamva bwino kwambiri, zimagwira malo omwe nyama zawo zimakhala. Kadzidzi ali pafupi kutha, choncho ali pansi pa chitetezo cha umunthu.
