Nsomba za goliath (Latin Hydrocynus goliath) kapena nsomba yayikulu kwambiri ndi imodzi mwasamba zachilendo kwambiri zam'madzi, chilombo chenicheni cha mumtsinje, chomwe chimanjenjemera.
Koposa zonse, dzina lake lachilatini limalankhula za iye. Mawu oti hydrocynus amatanthauza "galu wamadzi" ndipo goliath amatanthauza "chimphona", chomwe chingamasuliridwe ngati galu wamadzi wamkulu.
Ndipo mano ake, mano akulu, akuthwa amalankhula za chikhalidwe chake. Ndi nsomba yayikulu, yowopsa, yamazino yokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu lokutidwa ndi mamba akulu, osalala, nthawi zina okhala ndi kulocha kwagolide.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nsomba yayikulu kwambiri idafotokozedwa mu 1861. Amakhala ku Africa konse, kuyambira ku Egypt mpaka ku South Africa. Amapezeka kwambiri mumtsinje wa Senegal, Nile, Omo, Congo ndi Lake Tanganyika.
Nsomba yayikuluyi imakonda kukhala m'mitsinje yayikulu komanso m'madzi. Anthu akuluakulu amakonda kukhala pasukulu yokhala ndi nsomba zamtundu wawo kapena zolusa zina.
Ndi adyera komanso adyera osakhutira, amasaka nsomba, nyama zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ngakhale ng'ona.
Milandu yakuzunzidwa kwa kambuku pamtundu wa anthu yalembedwa, koma izi mwina zimachitika mosazindikira.
Ku Africa, kusodza goliath ndikotchuka kwambiri pakati paomwe amakhala komanso ngati zosangalatsa kwa alendo.
Kufotokozera
Nsomba yayikulu yaku Africa imatha kufika kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 150 ndikulemera mpaka 50 kg. Kukula kwa deta kumakhala kosiyana mosiyanasiyana, koma izi ndizomveka, asodzi sangathe kudzitama.
Komabe, izi ndi zitsanzo za zolengedwa ngakhale zachilengedwe, ndipo m'nyanja yamchere ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, nthawi zambiri osapitilira masentimita 75. Nthawi ya moyo wake ndi pafupifupi zaka 12-15.
Ili ndi thupi lolimba, lotambalala ndi zipsepse zazing'ono, zosongoka. Chosangalatsa kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa nsombayo ndi mutu wake: wokulirapo, wokhala ndi pakamwa lalikulu kwambiri, wokhala ndi mano akulu, akuthwa, 8 nsagwada iliyonse.
Amagwira ntchito kuti agwire ndikung'amba wovutitsidwayo, osati kutafuna, ndipo panthawi ya moyo amagwa, koma m'malo mwawo amakula.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Goliath sangatchulidwe kuti nsomba m'nyanja yam'madzi; Amasungidwa m'misika yamalonda kapena mitundu.
M'malo mwake, ndizosavuta kusamalira, koma kukula kwawo ndi voracity zimawapangitsa kukhala osafikirika kwa akatswiri. Ngakhale achinyamata amatha kusungidwa mumtambo wokhazikika wamadzi, amakula mwachangu kenako amafunika kuwataya.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'chilengedwe, chimphona cha hydrocin chimakula mpaka masentimita 150 ndipo chimatha kulemera pafupifupi 50 kg. Mukayang'ana mano ake ndipo mumazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti nsomba yotereyi siyidyetsa zomera.
Ichi ndi chilombo chogwira ntchito komanso chowopsa, chimafanana ndi chilombo china chodziwika bwino - piranha, koma mosiyana ndichachikulu kwambiri. Ndi mano ake akulu, amatha kutulutsa nyama yonse m'thupi la omwe amukwapula.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba za kambuku zimadyetsa makamaka nsomba ndi nyama zazing'ono, ngakhale izi sizitanthauza kuti sizimadya zakudya zamasamba ndi detritus.
Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe oterewa, samanyoza chilichonse. Chifukwa chake ndimasamba ambiri omnivorous.
Mu aquarium, muyenera kumudyetsa ndi nsomba yamoyo, nyama yosungunuka, nkhanu, nsomba. Poyamba, amangodya chakudya chamoyo chokha, koma akayamba kuzolowera, amasamukira kuzinthu zozizira komanso zopangira zinthu zina.
Achinyamata amadya ngakhale ma flakes, koma akamakula, ndikofunikira kusinthana ndi ma pellets ndi granules. Komabe, ngati nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa chakudya chamoyo, amayamba kusiya ena, motero chakudyacho chiyenera kusakanizidwa.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Goliati ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri komanso yowononga, mwachidziwikire. Chifukwa chakukula kwake komanso chizolowezi cha anthu okhwima ogonana omwe amakhala m'gulu, amafunikira aquarium yayikulu kwambiri.
2000-3000 malita ndiye ochepera. Onjezerani izi njira yosefera yamphamvu kwambiri komanso njira, popeza njira yodyetsera ndikuduladula munthuyo sizimathandizira kuti madziwo akhale oyera.
Kuphatikiza apo, kambukuyu amakhala m'mitsinje yokhala ndi mafunde amphamvu ndipo amakonda madzi am'nyanja.
Ponena za zokongoletsa, monga lamulo, chilichonse chimachitika ndi zikopa zazikulu, miyala ndi mchenga. Nsombazi mwanjira ina siyiyikira kutulutsa malo obiriwira. Ndipo kukhala ndi moyo kumafunikira malo ambiri aulere.
Zokhutira
Khalidwe la nsombayo sikuti limakhala laukali, koma limakhala ndi chilakolako chambiri, ndipo oyandikana nawo ambiri sadzakhala ndi moyo m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ndibwino kuti muziwasunga mu thanki yamagulu nokha kapena ndi nsomba zina zazikulu komanso zotetezedwa monga arapaima.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna ndi akulu komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi.
Kuswana
Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera kuti sanabadwire mu aquarium, makamaka mwachangu amapezeka m'matumba achilengedwe ndikukula.
Mwachilengedwe, zimaswana masiku ochepa, nthawi yamvula, mu Disembala kapena Januware. Kuti achite izi, amasamuka m'mitsinje ikuluikulu kupita kumitsinje ing'onoing'ono.
Mkazi amaikira mazira ochuluka m'malo osaya pakati paudzu.
Chifukwa chake, kuwotcha mwachangu kumakhala m'madzi ofunda, pakati pa chakudya chochuluka, ndipo popita nthawi, amaperekedwa kumitsinje yayikulu.
