Zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, akamba adayamba ulendo wawo. Anakwawira pang'onopang'ono kufikira pano. Mwa zina zomwe zilipo, Kamba wofiira Ndi imodzi mwa akamba odziwika bwino amadzi abwino. Dzinali limakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wina wa subspecies: ili ndi mawanga ofiira omwe ali pamutu kuseri kwa maso.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kapangidwe ka zokwawa izi ndizachikhalidwe. Chipolopolo chofiira chofiira - uku ndikumanga magawo awiri: carpax (kumtunda) ndi plastron (kumunsi). Kutalika kwanthawi zonse kwa carapace ndi masentimita 15-25. Nthawi zina, imatha kufika mpaka masentimita 40.
Zovuta za Neural zili pambali pake. Gawo pansipa ndi mbale zopindika kapena zotsika mtengo. Pamphepete mwa carapace, matailosi apakatikati a carapace adayikidwa. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosalala pang'ono, kokhala ndi chowulungika m'munsi. Keel imawonekera mwa achinyamata.
Mtundu wa carapace umasintha ndi zaka. Mu akamba achichepere, mtundu waukulu umakhala wobiriwira. Akamakula, mtundu womwe umakhalapo umayamba kuda. Pomaliza, pamafunika mthunzi wa azitona komanso kuwonjezera pa bulauni. Mitundu ya mikwingwirima yachikaso imakweza kumbuyo kwenikweni. Plastron ndi wamdima, wokhala ndi zotchipa zazing'ono komanso zofiirira. Mtundu wa kamba ukhoza kufotokozedwa ngati kubisa kokongola.
Mutu, zikhomo, mchira ukhoza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu pansi pa chitetezo cha chipolopolocho. Mawanga pamutu, omwe adatcha kamba, sangakhale ofiira okha, komanso achikasu. Amataya mtundu wawo ndi ukalamba. Amatha kutha kwathunthu.
M'malo mwa makutu awiri, kamba amakhala ndi khutu limodzi pakati, lokutidwa ndi cartilaginous tympanic disc (eardrum), yomwe imapangitsa kuti azitha kutulutsa mawu ngakhale okomoka bwino. Umu ndi momwe zothandizira kumva zimagwirira ntchito zokwawa zambiri.
Chigoba cha kamba kofiira, msana, mafupa ena am'mafupa alibe mawonekedwe enieni. Ziwalo zamkati nazonso sizapachiyambi. Zovuta zakugonana ndizovuta kuziwona. Palibe kusiyana kulikonse kwa akamba achichepere. Amuna akulu, zikhadabo zakutsogolo zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa zazikazi. Mchira ndi wokulirapo komanso wautali.
Kutsegula kwatseka kumafikira kumapeto kwa chipolopolocho. Ma plastron ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono. Zinthu zamatomazi zimalola amuna kugwirana ndi mnzake ndikuthandizira kukwatirana.
Mitundu
Asayansi afotokoza zazing'ono 13, koma zitatu zimaphunzitsidwa bwino:
1. Ma subspecies osankhidwa ndi kamba wachikopa chomenyedwa. Anakhazikika kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States kuchokera ku Florida kupita ku Virginia. Mumakhala mitsinje yaulesi, madambo osefukira, mayiwe opangira ndi madera osefukira. Dzina lake lachi Latin ndi Trachemys scripta scripta.
Kamba wamatsamba ofiira ofiira
2. Ma subspecies omwe amadziwika kwambiri amatchedwa ofanana ndi mitundu yonse - Kamba wofiira, wojambulidwa amawonekera nthawi zambiri. Asayansi amatcha kuti Trachemys scripta elegans. Gawo logawa koyambirira ndi dera la Mtsinje wa Mississippi. Amakonda madzi ofunda ndi odekha okutidwa ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Pamwamba pamadzi pamasanduka mabanki odekha kuti athandize kamba za kumtunda.
3. Cumberland kamba. Amachokera kudera la Cumberland River, m'maiko a Kentucky ndi Tennessee. Koma amapezeka ku Alabama, Georgia ndi Illinois. Zomera zobiriwira ndi madzi osambira ndi malo okondedwa. Dzinalo la sayansi limalumikizidwa ndi dzina lachilengedwe Gerard Trost - Trachemys scripta troostii.
Trachemys scripta troostii kamba yamoto wofiira
Chifukwa choti magawowa amagundana ndipo alibe malire achilengedwe, pali anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zama subspecies osiyanasiyana.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Chifukwa chofuna kuyenda, chifukwa cha malonda osaganizira anthu, kamba wofiyira wofiira amatha kupezeka kutali ndi kwawo koyambirira.
Imagwira malo okhala atsopano. Zomwe sizodziwika bwino kwa zokwawa. Kuyesera kudzaza magawo omwe sanakhazikitsidwe kale kuli ndi zabwino zake komanso zoyipa zake. Ochokera kudziko lina amatha kusiyanitsa nyama zakunyumba zawo, kapena atha kukhumudwitsa chilengedwe. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa ndi tsoka lalikulu kapena laling'ono lachilengedwe.
M'zaka zapitazi, akamba ofiira ofiira anasamukira ku Eurasia. Iwo anapezeka koyamba mu Israeli. Kenako zokwawa zija zinalowera kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Kuchokera ku Spain ndi France adabwera ku England ndi pakati pa Europe.
Gawo lotsatira ndikukula kwa Eastern Europe. Tsopano amapezeka ku Russia. Osati zigawo zakumwera zokha, komanso pafupi ndi Moscow. Nthawi yomweyo, tikulankhula za kupulumuka munthawi ya chisanu cha Russia, osati za moyo akamba ofiira ofiira kunyumba.
Mothandizidwa ndi munthu, zokwawa zinadutsa nyanja. Pambuyo pake adafika ku Australia. Zachilengedwe zapaderali zawonongeka kwambiri. Nyamazo zinanenedwa kuti ndi tizirombo.
Zifukwa zowononga ndi izi:
- Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa zokwawa izi. Amakhalabe akamba, koma amayenda mofunitsitsa komanso mwachangu. Masana, amatha kuyenda makilomita ambiri.
- Wamphamvu zonse. Maziko azakudyazo ndi zomera zam'madzi, koma cholengedwa chilichonse chimalowanso mchakudya, ngati chingagwidwe ndikusungidwa.
- Luso limakhala lopanda mpweya kwa miyezi. Mtunduwu, wapadera kwa nyama zamphongo, umatha kupirira nyengo yachisanu podziika m'matope pansi pa dziwe.
- Akamba ndi nyama zofanana. Zitha kukhalapo ndi kuberekana m'malo opangidwa ndi anthu. M'mayiwe apaki, mayiwe opangira ndi ngalande.
- Chifukwa china chinali chakuti anthu amasangalala kusunga zokwawa izi kunyumba. Kuswana kwawo kunayamba kupanga ndalama.
Kumalo okhalamo kwamuyaya, nyama zimakhala ndi moyo wa akamba amchere. Kutentha kopitilira 18 ° C, amadyetsa mwachangu. Amakonda kutentha pofika kumtunda, kukwera mwala wapamphepete kapena mtengo wogwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amawunika momwe zinthu zilili nthawi zonse. Ngati pangozi, amasamukira m'madzi mwachangu. Kutsetsereka uku kunabereka dzina lachingerezi loti slider.
Nyengo yozizira ndi nthawi yosangalatsa m'moyo wa akamba. Kutentha kukatsika, amagwera mchigawo chofanana ndi makanema ojambula. Koma uku sikutanthauza kubisala (hibernation) m'njira yoyera, koma mosiyanasiyana. Zimakhala zochepetsera zochitika zochepa ndipo zimatchedwa brumation.
Pakatikati pakati pa Okutobala, kutentha kukatsika pansi pa 10 ° C, nyama imachita dzanzi. M'dziko lino, amakhalabe pansi kumtunda, mumisewu pansi pa gombe, mu mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo. Ali wofunda, kamba samatha kupuma kwa milungu ingapo. Njira za Anaerobic zimachitika mthupi, kagayidwe kachakudya kamatsika kwambiri, kugunda kwa mtima kumatsika, ntchito yofunika imasiya pafupifupi zero.
Ndi kutentha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, akamba amatha kutuluka mumimba mwawo ndikuyandama kuti apume ndikudya. Ndiye kuti, kuchoka kwakanthawi kochepa kuchokera pazoyimitsidwa kumakwaniritsidwa. Masika, kutentha kozungulira kukamatuluka ndipo madzi amatentha mpaka 12 ° C kupitilira apo, kubwerera kumoyo wokangalika kumachitika.
Umu ndi momwe akamba amachitira nyengo yozizira kumadera ozizira ozizira. Ngati palibe nyengo yozizira nyengo, kapena kusunga akamba ofiira ofiira kumachitika bwino - hibernation sikuchitika.
Zakudya zabwino
Akamba amchere ndi omnivorous. Pakukula, amadya zakudya zambiri zomanga thupi. Izi ndi tadpoles ang'onoang'ono, nyamakazi, nsomba zazikulu kukula. Ndili ndi zaka, zakudya zamasamba zimayambira pachakudya, chomwe chimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yazomera zakomweko. Omnivorousness imatha kukhudza zomera ndi zinyama za m'madera okhala akamba. Ku Australia, akuwadzudzula chifukwa chakutha kwa mitundu ya achule yosowa.
Kamba wofiira amadya
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Akamba ali okonzeka kubereka zaka 6-8. Omwe amakula m'malo otukuka amakula msanga. Pofika zaka 4, amakhala okonzeka kuberekana. Nthawi yobereketsa ku Northern Hemisphere imakhala kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka mkatikati mwa chilimwe. Mukasungidwa m'nyumba, nyengo yoswana imatha chaka chonse.
Amuna amayamba kufunafuna akazi omwe amabwereranso. Zimayandama pafupi ndi wosankhidwayo. Tembenuzani pamaso pake. Yambani kugwedeza miyendo yakutsogolo patsogolo pa mutu wake. Zikuwoneka kuti chachimuna chikuyesera kukanda masaya ake ndi mulomo.
Wokwerayo akhoza kukanidwa. Poterepa, mkaziyo amachita nkhanza ndipo amatha kumuluma wopemphayo kuti agwirizane. Mkaziyo, woti akwatirane, amira pansi, pomwe awiriwo amaphatikizana. Mwambo wa chibwenzi umatha pafupifupi ola limodzi. Kuphatikiza kumatenga mphindi 10-15.
Mukasungidwa m'nyanja yamadzi, wamwamuna amatha kufotokoza zomwe akufuna pamaso pa mwamuna wina. Umu ndi momwe udindo wapamwamba wa munthuyo umatsimikizidwira. Akamba achichepere, omwe sanakwanitse kupitiliza mtunduwo, amatha kusamalira, koma masewera awo osakanizirana samathera pachabe.
Pakapita masiku angapo, kamba wamkazi amayamba kuthera nthawi yochuluka pamtunda. Imafufuza dera lomwe lili m'mbali mwa nyanja komanso mtundu wa nthaka, ndikuipukuta ndi miyendo. Ikakonzeka kuyikira mazira, imakumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 20-25 ndikutalika komweko. 8-12 nthawi zina mazira 20 amaikiridwa mu chisa. Zomangamanga zimayikidwa m'manda nthawi yomweyo. Mkazi sabwerera kumalo ano.
Mazirawo amaphatikizidwa ndi ubwamuna panthawi yoikira. Mkazi amasungabe ma gamet aamuna othandiza. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muikire mazira m'nyengo zotsatirazi, ngakhale osalankhulana ndi amuna.
Makulitsidwe amatha miyezi 3-5. Kutentha kwa dothi kumakhudza kugonana kwa ana. Akazi amaswa pachisa chotentha (pamwamba pa 30 ° C). Amuna amapezeka kutsika kotsika. Kutentha mkatikati mwa chisa kumakhala kotsika 22 ° C, mazirawo amafa. Akamba omwe sanafe mchaka choyamba cha moyo ali ndi mwayi wokhala zaka 20-30. Kusamalira Aquarium kumatha kupititsa patsogolo zaka 40.
Mtengo
M'zaka 100 zapitazi, amalonda adayamika chidwi cha anthu chosunga ziwetozi kunyumba. Ndipo kwawo, ku USA, minda yonse idapangidwa kuti izilera kamba wachinyamata. Tsopano mabizinezi amenewa amagwira ntchito osati kutsidya kwa nyanja.
Zambiri zokongoletsera, kusamalira kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo zapangitsa kuti zokwawa izi zikhale zoweta zogula kwambiri. Malamulo posankha kamba ndi osavuta. Kupenda mosamala kwakunja ndikwanira. Chigoba cha kamba wathanzi chilibe magulu, zokanda, zopindika kapena ming'alu. Iyenera kukhala yosalala komanso yolimba.
Kamba wathanzi amasuntha, akusambira, samagwa mbali yake, palibe mabala oyera pamapazi ake ndi pamphuno, ndipo maso akamba ofiira ofiira osaphimbidwa ndi kanema wamtambo. Mtengo wa kachilomboka ndi wotsika mtengo. Ndalama zazikulu zimayenderana ndi kugula kwa aquarium kapena terrarium, kukonza kwa kamba, kugula zakudya zabwino.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira kunyumba
Ngakhale kuti kwawo koyambirira akamba ofiira ofiira amadya, ndipo mazira awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo yophera nsomba, amawasunga kunyumba ngati nyama zokongoletsera.
Ma Aquariums amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo okhala, omwe voliyumu yake ndi 150-200 malita. Koma zisa (monga akamba achichepere amatchedwa) zimatha kupezeka m'madzi okwanira lita 50.
Madzi atsopano amatsanulira mu aquarium. Ndimayendedwe apakatikati a asidi (PH 6.5 mpaka 7.5). Madzi wamba apampopi ndioyenera, omwe amaloledwa kuyimirira tsiku limodzi. Pofuna kutentha kwa madzi, pamafunika chowotcha. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kutentha kwamadzi mpaka 18 ° C m'nyengo yozizira, muzisunga mozungulira 22-24 ° C mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira, ndikukweza mpaka 28 ° C nthawi yotentha.
Kuphatikiza pa kusunga kutentha, kukhalabe waukhondo kumafunikanso. Fyuluta yam'madzi a aquarium ndi yoyenera kuchotsa zinyalala. Kupezeka kwa madzi okhazikika kumabwera bwino. Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kudzaza kamba yamadzi. Kuyeretsa kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pongochotsa dothi ndi chopukutira kapena burashi.
Chidutswa cha sushi chimakonzedwa mu aquarium. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a voliyumu yonse. Ali ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono m'madzi. Gawo lakunyanja limamangidwa palokha kapena nyumba yokonzedwa kale imagulidwa. Mwa njira iyi ndiponsomba zam'madzi za akamba ofiira ofiira kusandulika ma aquaterrariums.
Nyali yoyatsa ya 60-watt imayikidwa pamwamba pagombe la aquarium. Ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera chowotcha komanso gwero lowala. Kuti muthane ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, nyali ya UVB 5% ya UV imawonjezeredwa pa nyali yoyaka. Zounikira zimayikidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 25 kuti nyamayo isawotche.
Boma lowala, monga kayendedwe ka kutentha, kuyenera kusinthidwa kutengera nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, nyali zimasungidwa osapitirira maola 8, masika ndi nthawi yophukira amaperekedwa kwa maola 10, chilimwe chiwerengerochi chimafika maola 12.
Zakudya zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto. Zakudya zamapuloteni zimatha kukhala ndi nsomba zamtsinje, zomwe zimaperekedwa zosasankhidwa komanso zosadulidwa. Akamba amakonda nkhono, mbozi, ziwala. Chakudya cham'mimba, chakudya china chodyera kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira ziweto, chitha kuphatikizidwa pazosankha za ziweto.
Gawo la mapuloteni limapezekanso pakudya akamba achichepere. Ndi zaka, chidwi chimasinthidwa pakudya zakudya. Kodi kutiDyetsani kamba wofiira zipatso, bowa wodyedwa, zidutswa za zipatso ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Amadyera Vitamini zofunika kuti nyama yamoyo zokwawa.
Monga njira ina yathanzi, mutha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa ngati akamba amitundu yonse komanso mibadwo yonse. Ali ndi malo abwino: samaipitsa madzi.
Koma amatha kukanidwa ndi kamba, zomwe sizimachitika ndi chakudya chachilengedwe. Mu moyo weniweni, kudyetsa kosakaniza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zakudya zina zimakonzedwa mosadalira, zina monga zopangidwa mwapadera zamafuta.
Kusamalira kamba wofiyira wofiira, mwa zina, zimaphatikizapo kuyenda. M'nyengo yotentha, ngati kuli kotheka, amatengedwa kupita kunsewu. Pali malamulo awiri kutsatira. Choyamba: kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa 20 ° C. Kachiwiri, simungathe kusiya zokwawa osasamala. Akamba ofiira ofiira amatha kuzindikira msanga kuyendayenda kwawo mwachangu kwambiri.
